Understanding how fluids migrate through underground rock formations is essential for securely storing carbon dioxide ($CO_2$), managing groundwater resources, or cleaning up contaminated soils. A key parameter in this context is the capillary pressure, the pressure difference between two immiscible fluids, such as water and $CO_2$, in the pore space of rocks. However, reliable measurements of capillary pressure under realistic subsurface conditions are still limited.
Capillary pressure–saturation relationships were determined using the porous membrane technique within a custom-designed experimental platform SEPP (System for Experimental PetroPhysics) developed at GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences. Measurements were conducted during both drainage and imbibition cycles under pressure and temperature conditions relevant for subsurface $CO_2$ storage reservoirs. SEPP enables integrated acquisition of key petrophysical parameters, including hydraulic, electrical, and elastic properties. This data publication presents two datasets capturing capillary pressure, electrical resistivity, and P- and S-wave velocities from tests on two distinct sandstone samples.
This dataset presents the raw data of an experimental series of analogue models performed to investigate the influence of inherited brittle fabrics on narrow continental rifting. This model series was performed to test the influence of brittle pre-existing fabrics on the rifting deformation by cutting the brittle layer at different orientations with respect to the extension direction. An overview of the experimental series is shown in Table 1. In this dataset we provide four different types of data, that can serve as supporting material and for further analysis: 1) The top-view photos, taken at different steps and showing the deformation process of each model; they can be used to interpret the geometrical characteristics of rift-related faults; 2) Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) used to reconstruct the 3D deformation of the performed analogue models, allowing for quantitative analysis of the fault pattern. 3) Short movies built from top-view photos which help to visualize the evolution of model deformation; 4) line-drawing of fault and fracture patters to be used for fault statistical quantification. Further details on the modelling strategy and setup can be found in Corti (2012), Maestrelli et al. (2020), Molnar et al. (2020), Philippon et al. (2015), Zwaan et al. (2021) and in the publication associated with this dataset. Materials used for these analogue models were described in Montanari et al. (2017) Del Ventisette et al. (2019) and Zwaan et al. (2020).
As reverse weathering has been shown to impact long-term changes in atmospheric CO2 levels, it is crucial to develop quantitative tools to reconstruct marine authigenic clay formation. We explored the potential of the beryllium (Be) isotope ratio (10Be/9Be) recorded in marine clay-sized sediment to track neoformation of authigenic clays. The power of such proxy relies on the orders-of-magnitude difference in 10Be/9Be ratios between continental Be and Be dissolved in seawater. On riverine and marine sediments collected along a Chilean margin transect we chemically extracted reactive phases and separated the clay-sized sediment fraction. We compare the riverine and marine 10Be/9Be ratio of this fraction. Moreover, we compare the elemental and mineralogical composition and the Nd and Sr-isotopic composition of these samples. 10Be/9Be ratios increase four-fold from riverine to marine sediment. We attribute this increase to the incorporation of Be high in 10Be/9Be from dissolved biogenic opal, which also serves as a Si-source for the precipitation of marine authigenic clays. 10Be/9Be ratios thus sensitively track reverse-weathering reactions forming marine authigenic clays.
This dataset contains the paleomagnetic supplementary material to the article Kelder et al. (subm.), which presents a magnetostratigraphic correlation of Late Miocene lacustrine sediments based on multi-polarity greigite. The multi-polarity is visible in most thermal paleomagnetic results (Zijderveld diagrams) by antipodal high and medium temperature components, while only one magnetic component was visible in the alternating field demagnetization diagrams. Based on this complex behavior, a tailored demagnetization approach was developed to allow for reliable magnetostratigraphic dating of lacustrine sediments.
The dataset includes demagnetization data from four drill cores located nearby Paks, Hungary. They were not oriented, meaning that only the inclination could be used for paleomagnetism. The measurements took place at the Paleomagnetic Laboratory Fort Hoofddijk in Utrecht University, The Netherlands. For details about the methodology the reader is referred to the methodology in Kelder et al. (subm).
Three types of data are distinguished:
• Thermal demagnetization results (.th files)
• Alternating field demagnetization results (.af files).
• Interpreted magnetic vectors for demagnetization files (.dir files)
The .th, .af. and .dir files can be viewed with Notepad or similar programs, and analyzed via the Open Source platform Paleomagnetism.org (Koymans et al., 2016). The .dir files only exist for the cores PAET-30 and PAET-34, because these were interpreted in detail, while the material of the other cores (PAET-26, 27) were mainly used for rock magnetic purposes.
Finally, an overview of the data files, abbreviations and sample codes is provided in the data description file.