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Hydrochemistry, carbon dynamics, and calculated pCO2 and CO2 fluxes, and soil-derived natural organic matter characteristics from the White Main, a granitic headwater stream in Germany, 2023-2024

This dataset contains hydrochemical and soil data collected along the first 1.3 km downstream of the White Main spring in northern Bavaria, Germany, from March 2023 to November 2024. Stream water samples were analyzed for in situ parameters, including discharge, water temperature [°C], pH [-], redox potential [mV], and electrical conductivity [µS/cm], as well as laboratory-measured parameters, including major ions and trace metals [mmol/l], alkalinity [mmol/l], dissolved inorganic and organic carbon concentrations (DIC, DOC [mmol/l]), and their stable isotope ratios (δ13CDIC/DOC [‰ VPDB]). In addition, calculated partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2 [µatm]) and carbon dioxide fluxes (FCO2 [mmol m⁻² d⁻¹]) are provided for the stream water samples. The dataset also contains laboratory measurements related to soil-derived natural organic matter from acid and base extracts of soil samples, including zeta potential [mV], particle size distribution [%], ultraviolet-visible absorbance (UV-VIS), and fluorescence measurements. UV-VIS absorbance and fluorescence measurements were additionally performed on stream water samples. The datasets were collected to characterize hydrochemistry, carbon concentrations, carbon dioxide dynamics, and soil-derived organic matter properties in a granitic headwater stream and to provide a basis for reuse in studies of headwater biogeochemistry, carbon cycling, and soil-water interactions.

Extracellular dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in axenic and xenic cultures of Thalassiosira gravida in response to varying temperatures and photoperiods

This dataset comprises dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations from axenic and xenic cultures of Thalassiosira gravida that were cultivated at the Alfred-Wegener-Institute (Bremerhaven, Germany) in March, 2023. After a cell density of ~ 15.000 cells * mL-1 was reached, cultures were filtered through a 0.2 µm polycarbonate (PC) filter (Whatman) that was cleaned by soaking in 10 % hydrochloric acid (HCl, Merck suprapure) for at least 12 h and subsequently rinsing with ultrapure water (Merck Millipore MilliQ). DOC was quantified by high temperature catalytic oxidation with a Shimadzu TOC analyzer (VCPN-TOC, Shimadzu) according to Garzón-Cardona et al. 2024; doi: 10.1016/J.JMARSYS.2023.103893. Cultures were grown under two temperatures (9 °C, 13.5 °C) and two photoperiods (16:8 h, 24:0 h light:dark). The aim was to investigate responses of algal extracellular release and bacterial DOC transformation to marine heatwave-like conditions.

Seasonal Dataset of DIC, δ13CDIC, DOC, δ13CDOC, pCO2(aq), FCO2 and Biogeochemical Parameters in the Danube River (2023–2024)

This dataset contains dissolved inorganic/organic carbon (DIC/DOC) concentrations, its stable isotope ratios (δ13CDIC/DOC), partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the water column pCO₂(aq) (pCO2(aq)) and area-integrated CO₂ emission rates derived from flux calculations (FCO2; g C d⁻¹), along with corresponding parameters (temperature, pH, calcium, bicarbonate) collected from the Danube River and its key tributaries during five seasonal sampling campaigns in 2023 and 2024. Water samples were collected using a weighted 2 L sampling bottle submerged 1–2 meters below the surface, with sampling conducted from the river center via bridges or passenger boats, and occasionally from the riverbank. In situ temperature measurements were taken with a multiparameter instrument (HQ40d, HACH™, Loveland, CO, USA). δ13ODIC/DOC was analyzed using a OI Analytical Aurora 1030W-IRMS. This dataset is providing valuable insights into carbon dynamics in a large river system and support investigations of biogeochemical cycling. It further can inform ecosystem management and conservation strategies under changing environmental conditions.

Diel stream hydrology and in-situ hydrochemistry during a 24 h survey in the Wiesent karst headwater, northern Bavaria, Germany (August 2023)

This dataset contains diel hydrological and in-situ hydrochemical measurements collected at three sites along the Wiesent karst headwater stream in northern Bavaria, Germany, between 21 and 22 August 2023. Parameters include location information, stream width and depth, discharge, water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, and dissolved oxygen. Measurements were conducted at 4 h intervals over a 24 h period to assess short-term hydrochemical variability along the spring-to-stream transect.

Stream hydrology and in-situ hydrochemistry over 15 months along a spring-to-stream transect in the Wiesent karst headwater, northern Bavaria, Germany (March 2023-May 2024)

This dataset contains location information, field-measured hydrological and in-situ hydrochemical parameters from stream water samples collected at 13 sampling sites along the first 3.25 km of the Wiesent karst headwater stream in northern Bavaria, Germany, from March 2023 to May 2024. Parameters include latitude, longitude, elevation, distance to the spring, stream width and depth, discharge, water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, redox potential, and dissolved oxygen.

Carbon chemistry, stable carbon and oxygen isotopes, and calculated pCO2 and CO2 fluxes over 15 months along the Wiesent karst headwater stream in northern Bavaria, Germany (March 2023-May 2024)

This dataset contains alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations, d13C values of DIC, DOC, and particulate organic carbon (POC), d18O values of dissolved oxygen, and calculated partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), CO2 fluxes, and gas-transfer velocity (k600) from stream-water samples collected at 13 sites along the first 3.25 km of the Wiesent karst headwater stream in northern Bavaria, Germany, from March 2023 to May 2024. The dataset supports analyses of carbonate-system dynamics, oxygen cycling, and CO2 evasion under varying hydroclimatic conditions.

Diel carbon chemistry, stable carbon and oxygen isotopes, calculated pCO2 and CO2 fluxes during a 24 h survey in the Wiesent karst headwater, northern Bavaria, Germany (August 2023)

This dataset contains diel measurements of alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), d18O values of dissolved oxygen, and calculated partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), calculated CO2 fluxes, and calculated gas-transfer velocity (k600) from stream-water samples collected at three sites along the Wiesent karst headwater stream in northern Bavaria, Germany, between 21 and 22 August 2023. Measurements were conducted at 4 h intervals over a 24 h period to assess short-term variability in carbon and oxygen cycling and CO2 evasion.

Major ions and trace metal concentrations over 15 months along the Wiesent karst headwater stream in northern Bavaria, Germany (March 2023-May 2024)

This dataset contains concentrations of fluoride, chloride, sulfate, nitrate, sodium, magnesium, potassium, silicon, calcium, aluminium, manganese, and iron from stream-water samples collected along the first 3.25 km of the Wiesent karst headwater stream in northern Bavaria, Germany, from March 2023 to May 2024. The dataset supports analyses of hydrochemical variability under varying hydroclimatic conditions.

Hydrology, hydrochemistry, carbon dynamics, and calculated pCO2 and CO2 fluxes from the Wiesent, a karst headwater stream in Germany, 2023-2024

These datasets contains hydrological, hydrochemical, and biogeochemical measurements collected along a 3.25 km spring-to-stream transect in the Wiesent karst headwater in northern Bavaria, Germany, between March 2023 and May 2024. Monthly observations at 13 sites include field parameters (discharge, pH, electrical conductivity, redox potential, and water temperature), major ions and trace metals, dissolved and particulate carbon pools (DIC, DOC, POC), stable carbon and oxygen isotopes (δ13CDIC/DOC/POC [‰ VPDB], δ18ODO [‰ VSMOW]), and calculated partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), CO2 fluxes, and gas-transfer velocities. In addition, a 24 h diel survey conducted in August 2023 provides the same field, carbon-system, stable isotope, pCO2, FCO2 and gas-transfer parameters at three representative sites along the transect at 4 h intervals. The dataset provides a basis for studies of karst hydrochemistry, carbon and oxygen cycling, carbonate buffering, spring-water and surface-water interactions, and CO2 evasion under varying hydroclimatic conditions.

Grain size distribution of soil samples from the White Main catchment, Germany, November 2024

This dataset contains grain size classifications and class proportions of dried soil samples from the White Main catchment in northern Bavaria, Germany. It includes sample dry mass, grain size classes, minimum and maximum grain size ranges, and the relative proportion of each grain size class.

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