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Member States' use of revenues from the auctioning of EU ETS allowances, 2020-2024

This metadata overs the dataset containing information on how EU Member States spend the revenues from auctioning EU ETS emission allowances in one calendar year. More information on the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) can be found here. The revenues from the auctioning of these allowances represent an increasing income source for Member States. This data is being collected under Article 19 of the Governance Regulation. The Regulation’s aim is to help the EU reach its 2030 climate and energy targets by setting common rules for planning, reporting and monitoring. The Regulation also ensures that EU planning and reporting are synchronised with the ambition cycles under the Paris Agreement. Reporting is mandatory for EU Member States. Some information is only mandatory to report if the data is available.

Total suspended matter, particulate organic matter and particulate inorganic matter from discrete water samples during RV MARIA S MERIAN cruise MSM129/1

This dataset was collected during the cruise MSM129/1 with RV MARIA S. MERIAN from Warnemünde, Germany to St. John's, Canada. It contains suspended particulate matter, particulate organic matter and particulate inorganic matter measurements [mg/l] from water samples collected from the seawater supply (Reinseewassersystem, RSWS) to calibrate the turbidity data of the RSWS system. The outflow of a PocketFerrybox that was connected to the seawater supply in the hangar was used for sampling. It takes a substantial amount of time for the water to reach the hanger from the intake point. The time delay between the sensor readings of the RSWS and the PocketFerrybox was determined and the timestamps of the water sampling were adjusted accordingly. Given latitute and longitude refer to this corrected timestamp. The original time of water sampling in the hangar is given as an additional column with the comment time of sampling. To obtain suspended particulate matter concentrations, water samples were filtered onboard through 0.7 μm pore size, glass fiber filters (Whatmann GF/F, 47 mm) under low vacuum. Filters were frozen immediately at -80 °C until gravimetric analysis in the laboratory at ICBM, Wilhelmshaven according to IOCCG recommendations.

Use cases from the German NTSPortal on the systematic use of high-resolution mass spectrometry non-target screening data in environmental monitoring and chemicals management

Background Society aims for a pollutant-free environment, reflected in initiatives under the European Green Deal, which seek to reduce hazardous substances and promote safe, sustainable chemical use. Comprehensive exposure data are needed to identify sources, understand mixtures and eliminate sources of chemical pollution. High-resolution mass spectrometry non-target screening (HRMS NTS) is increasingly used in environmental regulatory context to chemically characterise the environment as completely as possible and retrospectively screen for known and emerging substances. Results This study provides use cases for monitoring and chemicals management with data from the German NTSPortal, a database and visualisation tool for HRMS NTS data from surface water and suspended particulate matter of major German rivers. Its internal spectral library enables substance identification comparable to standardised target analysis, supporting regulatory acceptance of HRMS NTS data for prioritisation and mixture assessment. To demonstrate its potential to research and regulation, we characterised the spatial and temporal distribution of riverine chemical mixtures and present selected use cases relevant to EU environmental, emission, and chemical legislation. Despite pronounced spatial variability, mixture composition based on presence–absence data remained stable over time, with 855 of 1721 substances detected at least once and 247 occurring ubiquitously. Declining trends for regulated substances such as carbendazim and climbazole illustrate the effectiveness of regulatory measures. Overall, the results showed that NTS data repositories can help overcome fragmented exposure information and enable more consistent use of monitoring data across policy areas, including evaluation of the revised Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive and One Health concepts. Conclusions Data from the German NTSPortal enabled a multi-matrix and temporal characterisation of riverine chemical mixtures, revealing both stable mixture compositions over time and persistent, catchment-specific substances. These data facilitated high-resolution mixture assessments across space and time, alongside trend analyses that meet regulatory needs in environmental monitoring and chemical risk assessment. Further temporal, spatial, chemical and matrix-spanning expansion of HRMS NTS repositories will enhance their value for environmental monitoring programmes. Strengthening interoperability, implementing FAIR data principles, and developing advanced tools for prioritisation, quantification and toxicity prediction, including AI-based approaches, will be crucial to fully realise the regulatory potential of NTS portals in the future. © The Author(s) 2026.

Chlorophyll a and phaeophytin a measurements from discrete water samples during RV MARIA S. MERIAN cruise MSM129/1

This dataset was collected during the cruise MSM129/1 with RV MARIA S. MERIAN from Warnemünde, Germany to St. John's, Canada. It contains chlorophyll-a measurements [µg/l] from water samples collected from the seawater supply (Reinseewassersystem, RSWS) as well as from three CTD casts to calibrate the fluorometers of the RSWS system and the CTD, respectively. The outflow of a PocketFerrybox that was connected to the seawater supply in the hangar was used for sampling. It takes a substantial amount of time for the water to reach the hanger from the intake point. The time delay between the sensor readings of the RSWS and the PocketFerrybox was determined and the timestamps of the water sampling were adjusted accordingly. Given latitute and longitude refer to this corrected timestamp. The original time of water sampling in the hangar is given as an additional column with the comment time of sampling. To obtain chl-a concentrations, water samples were filtered onboard through 0.7 μm pore size, glass fiber filters (Whatmann GF/F) under low vacuum. Filters were frozen immediately at -80 °C until extraction in laboratory by 90% acetone method. Concentrations were calculated from fluorescence measured with a pre-calibrated Turner Design TD 7200-02 laboratory fluorometer (EPA445.0, Turner Manual).

REACH: Unterstützung von Akteuren beim Aufbau und Erhalt REACH Expertise

First-principles kinetic modeling for solar hydrogen production

The development of sustainable and efficient energy conversion processes at interfaces is at the center of the rapidly growing field of basic energy science. How successful this challenge can be addressed will ultimately depend on the acquired degree of molecular-level understanding. In this respect, the severe knowledge gap in electro- or photocatalytic conversions compared to corresponding thermal processes in heterogeneous catalysis is staggering. This discrepancy is most blatant in the present status of predictive-quality, viz. first-principles based modelling in the two fields, which largely owes to multifactorial methodological issues connected with the treatment of the electrochemical environment and the description of the surface redox chemistry driven by the photo-excited charges or external potentials.Successfully tackling these complexities will advance modelling methodology in (photo)electrocatalysis to a similar level as already established in heterogeneous catalysis, with an impact that likely even supersedes the one seen there in the last decade. A corresponding method development is the core objective of the present proposal, with particular emphasis on numerically efficient approaches that will ultimately allow to reach comprehensive microkinetic formulations. Synergistically combining the methodological expertise of the two participating groups we specifically aim to implement and advance implicit and mixed implicit/explicit solvation models, as well as QM/MM approaches to describe energy-related processes at solid-liquid interfaces. With the clear objective to develop general-purpose methodology we will illustrate their use with applications to hydrogen generation through water splitting. Disentangling the electro- resp. photocatalytic effect with respect to the corresponding dark reaction, this concerns both the hydrogen evolution reaction at metal electrodes like Pt and direct water splitting at oxide photocatalysts like TiO2. Through this we expect to arrive at a detailed mechanistic understanding that will culminate in the formulation of comprehensive microkinetic models of the light- or potential-driven redox process. Evaluating these models with kinetic Monte Carlo simulations will unambiguously identify the rate-determining and overpotential-creating steps and therewith provide the basis for a rational optimization of the overall process. As such our study will provide a key example of how systematic method development in computational approaches to basic energy sciences leads to breakthrough progress and serves both fundamental understanding and cutting-edge application.

REFOPLAN 2026 - Ressortforschungsplan 2026, Aktualisierung der OECD Prüfrichtlinie 318 und des OECD Leitfadens 318 (neue Erkenntnisse zur Untersuchung der Dispersionsstabilität und Löslichkeit von Nanomaterialien)

Das OECD Prüfrichtlinienprogramm stellt eine Reihe von standardisierten und harmonisierten Prüfmethoden (TG) zur Untersuchung von Chemikalien zur Verfügung. Bestehende TGs zur Erfassung von Umweltwirkung und -verhalten sind für lösliche Stoffe entwickelt worden; für die geeignete Risikobewertung und Regulierung von Nanomaterialien (NM) ist eine Anpassung dieser Methoden notwendig. Wesentliche Endpunkte für die Bewertung des Umweltverhaltens von NM sind die Dispersionsstabilität und die Löslichkeits(-rate). Mit der OECD TG 318 liegt seit 2017 eine TG vor, anhand derer sich die Dispersionsstabilität auf Grundlage der Homoagglomeration bestimmen lässt. Die Prüfmethodenverordnung (EG) 440/2008 verweist u.a. auf die Verwendung dieser TG für die Erfüllung von Informationsanforderungen für NM unter REACH. Mit dem OECD GD 318 liegt seit 2020 ein Leitfaden vor, der zusätzliche Hinweise zur Bestimmung der Dispersionsstabilität als auch zur Löslichkeits(-rate) gibt. Auf dieses Guidance-Dokument beziehen sich die Leitfäden der ECHA für die Erfüllung von Informationsanforderungen zur Dispersionsstabilität sowie zum Lösungsverhalten von NM unter REACH. Sie bilden auch die Basis für die Umweltrisikobewertung im Rahmen der Biozid-VO. Mit der neuen OECD TG 322 liegt nun auch eine Standardprüfmethode zur Bestimmung der Löslichkeits(-rate) vor. Im Refoplan FKZ 3721664010 wird zudem bis 2026 eine validierte Methode zur Bestimmung der Dispersionsstabilität auf Basis der Heteroagglomeration entwickelt. Ziel des hier eingebrachten Vorhabens ist die Aktualisierung der TG 318 und GD 318 um die Untersuchung der Dispersionsstabilität auf Basis des umweltrealistischeren Endpunktes Heteroagglomeration, sowie die Vereinfachung von weiteren Aspekten in der TG 318. Zudem sollen Erfahrungen aus der Entwicklung der TG zur Bestimmung der Löslichkeits(-rate) in das GD 318 einfließen. Dies erfordert u.a. ergänzende experimentelle Arbeiten zur Prüfung neuer Aussagen.

Ressortforschungsplan 2024, Validierung von ‚New Approach Methods‘ (NAMs) zur Entwicklung einer OECD Test Guideline für die Identifizierung und Bewertung von Endokrinen Disruptoren (ED)

Zahlreiche in vitro Methoden für die Identifizierung von endokrinen Disruptoren (ED) sind in der Prävalidierungsphase; - Es fehlen konkrete Validierungsprojekte, um die prävalidierten Methoden als OECD Test Guidelines zu standardisieren; - Um Chemikalien unter den einschlägigen EU Verordnungen (z.B. REACH, PPP, BP) zu regulieren, müssen die Daten mit standardisierten OECD Test Guidelines erhoben werden. - Insbesondere für neue Endpunkte des Hypophysen-Schilddrüsen Regelkreises (HPT-Achse) fehlen bisher validierte OECD Test Guidelines; - Ziel dieses Projektes ist es daher eine für die Regulation von PPP, BP, REACH-Chemikalien besonders relevante in vitro Methode, die die 'Readiness-Kriterien' für eine Validierung erfüllt, auszuwählen und den Validierungsprozess zu starten und zu koordinieren; - Die Auswahl erfolgt durch die Vernetzung des UBAs mit der französischen PEPPER-Plattform unter Berücksichtigung der Ergebnisse der OECD Thyroid Disruptor Method Expert Group und dem EURION Forschungscluster.´

Sedimentation velocity of morphologically diverse macrophytes and plastic particles

The dataset contains sedimentation velocity measurements for 22 morphologically diverse macroalgae species (n = 49), the seagrass Zostera marina (n = 3), and plastic particles of four distinct shapes (n = 16). Each sample was measured at least five times, with some measured up to seven times. Detailed morphological descriptions and images are available in the corresponding paper. Samples with a SampleID starting with "K" were collected in January 2023 from the Kiel Fjord, Germany (between Strande and Bülk light house, 54°26'57.4N 10°11'37.6E). U. gigantea was collected in June 2024 in Yerseke, Netherlands (51°30'09.0N, 4°02'39.7E). All other samples were collected in June 2024 at the same site from the Kiel Fjord as in 2023, as well as two additional locations (Schilksee, 54°25'16.3N 10°10'43.1E and Mönkeberg, 54°21'20.92N 10°10'41.97E). Sedimentation velocity measurements were conducted in plastic cylinders, allowing particles to sink 15 cm to reach their terminal sinking velocity before starting the measurements. The sinking time was recorded using a stopwatch, and sedimentation velocity was calculated by dividing the sinking distance by the elapsed time. Test with varying cylinder heights showed no significant differences in results. Macrophyte species measured: Fucus vesiculosus, Fucus serratus, Saccharina latissima, Gracilaria vermiculophylla, Ceramium virgatum, Vertebrata fucoides, Polysiphonia stricta, Spermothamnion repens, Ahnfeltia plicata, Furcellaria lumbricalis, Coccotylus truncatus, Delesseria sanguinea, Cladophora flexuosa, Cladophora sp., Rhodomela confervoides, Pyropia leucosticta, Ulva clathrata, Ulva linza, Kornmannia leptoderma, Bryopsis hypnoides, Acrosiphonia centralis, Ulva gigantea, and Zostera marina. The plastic particles include eight circular pieces of foil (disks), three table tennis balls, two plastic nets, and three rubber bands. The foil disks were cut to different diameters and some were punched with different numbers of small holes. The name of the foil circles indicates both their diameter and perforation level. For example, "Disk 40-1" had a diameter of 40 mm and was unpunched, where "1" denotes unpunched, "2" partially punched, and "3" heavily punched, "4" extremely heavily punched. The three tennis balls shared identical dimensions but had different mass densities due to the different level of replacement of air with seawater and glass beads in the tennis ball.

Quantification of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxystyrene migrating from organic materials in contact with drinking water: True occurrence or analytical artefact?

The occurrence of 3,5-di‑tert‑butyl‑4-hydroxystyrene (S.I) diffusing from cross-linked polyethylene (PE-X) pipes has been a topic of debate among industries, regulatory authorities, and scientists due to inconsistent findings. This study aimed to clarify the origin of S.I in migration waters and provide analytical recommendations for the certification process of pipe materials. First, it was demonstrated that analysing migration waters by liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS), according to EN 15,768 with an injector temperature of 250 °C, significantly biases the measured S.I concentrations, which are due to thermal degradation of 7,9-di‑tert‑butyl‑1-oxaspiro[4,5]deca-6,9-diene-2,8‑dione (S.II). Under these conditions, artificially high concentrations of S.I are obtained. Reducing the injector temperature to 150 °C improves S.I. accuracy, however, a reliable solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method was developed to quantify S.I. independently of S.II. Second, four types of PE-X pipes were evaluated using LLE with injector temperatures of 250 °C and 150 °C, as well as SPME. LLE significantly increases the likelihood of detecting S.I concentrations in the migration waters well above the 0.1 µg/L limit stipulated by the European Commission Implementing Decision. Although the fraction of S.I formed from S.II is small (0.7–2% with LLE), the concentration of S.II itself can reach up to 100 µg/L (legal limit), leading to substantially biased S.I values that exceed 0.1 µg/L. Consequently, materials could fail European certification despite being compliant, which would have significant commercial implications. Therefore, the use of SPME is recommended as an alternative method for analysing S.I in this context. © 2026 The Authors.

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