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High-resolution measurements of essential climate variables in the North Sea from the autonomous surface vehicle HALOBATES during RV Heincke cruise HE626

The autonomous surface vehicle HALOBATES collected key climate variables, including sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity (SSS), during the RV Heincke cruise HE626 in the German Bight. HALOBATES recorded SST and SSS at seven different depths with a high vertical resolution of approximately 10 cm, ranging from the near-surface layer (NSL) (between 30 and 100 cm) to the sea-surface microlayer (SML) (uppermost millimeter). Temperature and conductivity (used for salinity calculation) were measured using conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) sensors connected to a flow-through system on HALOBATES. Additional temperature sensors were placed beneath the catamaran to capture in-situ temperature at six depths within the NSL. Salinity measurements were adjusted using discrete water samples to correct for any sensor biases. During the operation, two data loggers equipped with meteorological stations on the catamaran monitored essential weather conditions. HALOBATES was in operation from July 21, 2023, to August 8, 2023.

High-resolution measurements of essential climate variables in the North Sea from the autonomous surface vehicle HALOBATES during RV Heincke cruise HE614

The autonomous surface vehicle HALOBATES measured Essential Climate Variables (ECV), such as sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity (SSS), during the RV Heincke cruise HE614 in the German Bight. HALOBATES captured the SST and SSS at seven depths with a high vertical resolution of about 10 cm, from the near-surface layer (NSL) (between 30 and 100 cm) and the sea surface microlayer (SML) (upper millimeter). Conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) sensors measured temperature and conductivity (for salinity calculation) via a flow-through system on HALOBATES. Additional temperature sensors were mounted underneath the catamaran to measure in-situ temperature in situ at six depths in the NSL. Salinity was corrected with discrete water samples to remove biases between the sensors. Two data loggers with several meteorological stations on the catamaran captured important weather variables during operation time. The surfactant concentration was measured from discrete samples of SML and 100 cm depth. HALOBATES was operated between 01 March 2023 and 22 March 2023.

High-Resolution Measurements of Essential Climate Variables in the Harbor of Bremerhaven from the Autonomous Surface Vehicle HALOBATES during RV Heincke Cruise HE614

The autonomous surface vehicle HALOBATES measured Essential Climate Variables (ECV), such as sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity (SSS), during the RV Heincke cruise HE614 in the harbor of Bremerhaven. HALOBATES captured the SST and SSS at six depths with a high vertical resolution of about 10 cm, from the near-surface layer (NSL) (between 30 and 100 cm) and the sea surface microlayer (SML) (upper millimeter). Conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) sensors measured temperature and conductivity (for salinity calculation) via a flow-through system on HALOBATES. Additional temperature sensors were mounted underneath the catamaran to measure in-situ temperature at six depths in the NSL. Salinity was corrected with discrete water samples to remove biases between the sensors. Two data loggers with several meteorological stations on the catamaran captured important weather variables during operation time. HALOBATES was operated on 14 and 15 March 2023.

High-resolution measurements of essential climate variables in the North Sea from the autonomous surface vehicle HALOBATES during RV Heincke cruise HE609

The autonomous surface vehicle HALOBATES measured Essential Climate Variables (ECV), such as sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity (SSS), during the RV Heincke cruise HE609 in the German Bight. HALOBATES captured the SST and SSS at seven depths with a high vertical resolution of about 10 cm, from the near-surface layer (NSL) (between 30 and 100 cm) and the sea surface microlayer (SML) (upper millimeter). Conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) sensors measured temperature and conductivity (for salinity calculation) via a flow-through system on HALOBATES. Additional temperature sensors were mounted on the catamaran to contact the water at six depths in the NSL directly. Salinity was corrected with discrete samples, and biases between the sensors were removed. Two data loggers with several weather stations on HALOBATES captured important weather variables during operation time. HALOBATES was operated between 05 October 2022 and 23 October 2022.

High-resolution measurements of essential climate variables in the North Sea from the autonomous surface vehicle HALOBATES during RV Heincke cruise HE598

The autonomous surface vehicle HALOBATES measured Essential Climate Variables (ECV), such as sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity (SSS), during the RV Heincke cruise HE598 in the German Bight. HALOBATES captured the SST and SSS at seven depths with a high vertical resolution of about 10 cm, from the near-surface layer (NSL) (between 30 and 100 cm) and the sea surface microlayer (SML) (upper millimeter). Conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) sensors measured temperature and conductivity (for salinity calculation) via a flow-through system on HALOBATES. Additional temperature sensors were mounted on HALOBATES to contact the water at six depths in the NSL directly. Salinity was corrected with discrete samples, and biases between the sensors were removed. Two data loggers with several weather stations on the catamaran captured important weather variables during operation time. HALOBATES was operated between 30 April 2022 and 23 May 2022.

Teilvorhaben 2: Beobachtungsdatensätze für das arktische Meereis, Universität Bremen, Modul E^MiKlip - Klimamodell Validierung durch Vergleich von globalen Essentiellen Klima Variablen aus Modellen und Beobachtungen (ClimVal), Teilvorhaben 1: (DLR), Modul E

Verlässliche Klimaprognosen sind von fundamentaler Bedeutung für die Gesellschaft. Die Forschung ist gefordert, die komplexen Wechselwirkungen des Klimasystems und die Ursachen von Klimaänderungen zu verstehen. Ziel des ClimVal Projekts ist es, die Stärken und Schwächen sowie die Unsicherheiten im MiKlip Modellsystem durch eine umfangreiche Evaluation mit Beobachtungsdaten zu quantifizieren. Die Evaluierung des MiKlip Modellsystems konzentriert sich hierbei auf für dekadische Prognosen wichtige ausgewählte essentielle Klimavariablen (engl. Essential Climate Variables, ECV). Mit der Ausnahme von Meereis werden Langzeitreihen von Beobachtungsdaten für die Modellevaluation von anderen MiKlip Partnern und den Modul E Koordinatoren bereitgestellt. Zur Beurteilung des MiKlip Modellsystems im Bezug auf arktisches Meereis werden im Rahmen von ClimVal Zeitreihen zur Ausdehnung, Fläche und Dicke erstellt. Für die Eisausdehnung stehen Zeitreihen seit 1978 zur Verfügung. Der neue Aspekt im ClimVal Projekt ist die höhere horizontale Auflösung seit 2003 auf der Grundlage des ASI (ARTIST Sea Ice) Algorithmus. Die Fernerkundung des nächst wichtigsten Meereisparameters, der Eisdicke, war lange schwierig. Über dem Bereich geringerer Eisdicken, bei denen der Transport von Wärme und die Verformbarkeit viel höher sind, können erst Aussagen gemacht werden, seitdem das L-Band (1.4 GHz) Radiometer SMOS seit November 2009 im Orbit ist. Schwerpunkt der Entwicklungsarbeit für den Meereisdatensatz ist daher die Erstellung eines Datensatzes der Dicke für dünnes Meereis. ClimVal trägt mit dem erstellten Meereisdatensatz zur Klimaüberwachung bei, in dem die Zeitreihen kontinuierlich aktualisiert werden.

Global Monitoring of Essential Climate Variables: ESA Climate Change Initiative Phase II: Soil Moisture (CCI SM 2)

This project builds upon the comprehensive work undertaken and completed by the consortium active in ESA's Climate Change Initiative Phase 1 Soil Moisture Project (ESRIN Contract No: 4000106302 (4000104814/11/I-NB)) which saw the development, documentation, and initial operation, of a prototype ECV soil moisture processor. In this Phase 2, the consortium, via its system engineering and software development teams, see the evolution of prototype ECV processor, its integration, along with associated datasets, and eventual operation in a virtual cloud processing environment, hosted by the EODC Earth Observation Data Centre for Water Resources Monitoring GmbH (EODC). The EODC provides direct access to the Vienna Scientific Cluster (VSC3), which is currently regarded as one of Europe's most powerful computer processing environments. The project foresees scientists from the Earth Observation (EO) and Climate Research Group (CRG) teams taking full advantage of EODC's infrastructure and coming together, as a community, to perform collaborative verification, validation and research activities, upon the climate research data package, within a dedicated science and development platform hosted as a virtual environment.

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