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Tsunami flow depth in Lima/Callao caused by a historic event for varying bottom roughness simulated with the models Tsunami-HySEA and TsunAWI

This data collection contains inundation maps in Lima and Callao (Peru) based on tsunami simulations with two numerical wave propagation and run-up models (Tsunami-HySEA and TsunAWI) for a range of Manning values between 0.015 and 0.06, where constant values were applied in the whole model domain. The simulations were carried out in the framework of the RIESGOS project (https://www.riesgos.de/en/). The source is based on the historic event from October 1746, the parameters are derived from the study Jimenez et al. (2013). The moment magnitude is prescribed to Mw 9.0, the source area is split into five sub-faults, with inhomogeneous slip distribution and static deformation at time zero (this means no kinematic source model). The flow depth distribution in Lima/Callao after four hours simulation time obtained by the two models is interpolated to raster files and provided in geoTIFF format.

Tsunami simulation Green's function toolbox TS-GAUSS

TS-GAUSS is a toolbox including (i) software and (ii) datasets for instant calculations of tsunami time-series for an arbitrary seismic source at pre-selected coastal locations. The toolbox exploits the concept of the surface Green's functions (Molinari et al., 2016; https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2593-2016) and consists of the two consequent steps: (1) ruptGen code to simulate initial tsunami conditions for an arbitrary seismic source and (2) code to make linear combination of the pre-computed Gaussian Green's functions. Correspondingly, TS-GAUSS toolbox also includes datasets of Green's functions for selected geographical regions to download.

Digital image correlation data and orthophotos from lithospheric-scale analogue experiments of orthogonal extension followed by shortening

This dataset includes the results of 5 lithospheric-scale, brittle-ductile analogue experiments of extension and subsequent shortening performed at the Geodynamic Modelling Laboratory at Monash University (Melbourne, Australia). Here we investigated (1) the influence of the mechanical stratification of the model layers on rift basins during extension and (2) the influence of these basins on shortening-related structures. This dataset consists of images and movies that illustrate the evolution of topography (i.e., model surface height) and cumulative and incremental axial strain during the experiments. Topography and strain measures were obtained using digital image correlation (DIC) which was applied to sequential images of the model surface. This dataset also includes orthophotos (i.e., orthorectified images) of the model surface, overlain with fault traces and basins that were interpreted using QGIS. The experiments are described in detail in Samsu et al. (submitted to Solid Earth), to which this dataset is supplementary.

Molecular dynamics simulation data for dissociation of CH4 and mixed gas hydrates

Gas hydrates are ice-like crystalline solids in which water molecules trap gas molecules in clathrate structures. They can preserve in low temperatures and elevated pressures and may exist in permafrost or deep marine environments. Natural gas hydrates are especially sensitive to the changes in temperature and pressure due to environmental changes. This can result in hydrate decomposition, which in turn may release enormous amounts of CH4 as the main component of natural gas hydrates. This study was an effort to use the molecular simulations for the estimation of possible gas release from the destabilization of natural gas hydrate reservoirs in response to environmental changes. The dissociation data for simple CH4 hydrates, CH4-C3H8 hydrates and CH4-C2H6-C3H8-CO2 mixed hydrates were provided by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The MD simulations could provide a better understanding of the phenomena involved in the dissociation process of gas hydrates and help to explain the experimental observations. It would be one of the best molecular simulation tools for calculating time-dependent properties. The simple CH4 form structure I (sI) hydrates, while the above-mentioned binary and multicomponent gas mixtures can form structure II (sII) hydrates. Different simulation boxes were designed based on the structures and guest molecules of the gas hydrates. The simulation for CH4 hydrates was done via thermal stimulation above the ice point and depressurization below the ice point. For the mixed hydrates, the simulation data were only provided via thermal stimulation above the ice point. The dataset showed the simulation source files as well as the calculated time-dependent properties of gas hydrates upon the dissociation process. This included the simulation trajectories, gas density profiles, order parameters, ratios of large-to-small cavities, normalized rates of cavity decomposition, and gas compositions. This dataset contains the inputs/outputs of four simulation runs which include the molecular coordinate and structure (.gro file) and trajectory (.xtc file), as well as the calculated time-dependent properties (.vmd and .xls files) for each run. The simulation time and length were presented in nanoseconds (ns) and nanometers (nm), respectively. Further details on the simulation methodology, procedures, and calculations have been provided in the following sections.

Kontinuierliche synthetische Niederschläge für die Stadthydrologie in Deutschland - Validierungsdatensätze

Es werden 5 Niederschlagsdatensätze bereitgestellt, die für die Validierung der stochastischen Niederschlagsmodelle genutzt wurden. Jeder Datensatz besteht aus Zeitreihen für 45 ausgewählte Messstellen in Deutschland. Die Lage der Messstellen ist in der Abbildung 5 der zugehörigen Publikation dargestellt. Die Messstellennummern und Koordinaten (UTM ETRS 89; EPSG: 25832) der Stationen können der beiliegenden Exceltabelle entnommen werden. Die Datensätze sind wie folgt kurz beschrieben: 1. "REF" -> Referenz: beobachteter langjähriger Niederschlag am Ort (Zeitreihenlänge: 20 a) 2. "WAWI" -> Synthetischer Niederschlag vom Modell der Leibniz Uni Hannover (Zeitreihenlänge: 300 a), 3. "LHG" -> Synthetischer Niederschlag vom Modell der Uni Stuttgart (Zeitreihenlänge: 300 a), 4. "MIXED" -> Synthetischer Niederschlag alternierend gemischt von beiden Modellen WAWI & LHG (Zeitreihenlänge: 300 a, 150 a Jahre von jedem Modell), 5. "PRA" -> Praxis: beobachteter Niederschlag von der nächstgelegenen Beobachtungsstation des DWD (Zeitreihenlänge: 10 bis 20 a). Die Daten sind in Unterordnern mit der Messstellennummer jahresweise im MD-Format abgespeichert. Eine Formatbeschreibung ist beigelegt. Five precipitation data sets are provided, which have been used for validation of the precipitation models. Each data set contains time series for 45 selected stations in Germany. The location of the stations is shown in Fig. 5 of the associated paper. Station id's and coordinates are listed in the associated Excel table. The data sets are briefly described as follows: 1. "REF" -> Reference: observed precipitation with long records (time series length 20yr), 2. "WAWI" -> synthetic rainfall from the precipitation model of the Leibniz University Hannover (time series length 300 yr), 3. "LHG" -> synthetic rainfall from the precipitation model of the University Stuttgart (time series length 300yr), 4. "MIXED" -> synthetic rainfall alternating mixed from both precipitation models WAWI & LHG (time series length 300yr, 150yr from each model), 5. "PRA" -> Practice: observed rainfall from the closest to the reference station located DWD station (time series length 10 to 20 yr). The data are stored in folders with station id's which contain for each year in one file in MD format. A format description is attached.

A database of R-R-R triple junction analogue and numerical models

This dataset presents the raw data from two experimental series of analogue models and four numerical models performed to investigate Rift-Rift-Rift triple junction dynamics, supporting the modelling results described in the submitted paper. Numerical models were run in order to support the outcomes obtained from the analogue models. Our experimental series tested the case of a totally symmetric RRR junction (with rift branch angles trending at 120° and direction of stretching similarly trending at 120°; SY Series) or a less symmetric triple junction (with rift branches trending at 120° but with one of these experiencing orthogonal extension; OR Series), and testing the role of a single or two phases of extension coupled with effect of differential velocities between the three moving plates. An overview of the performed analogue and numerical models is provided in Table 1. Analogue models have been analysed quantitatively by means of photogrammetric reconstruction of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) used for 3D quantification of the deformation, and top-view photo analysis for qualitative descriptions. The analogue materials used in the setup of these models are described in Montanari et al. (2017), Del Ventisette et al. (2019) and Maestrelli et al. (2020). Numerical models were run with the finite element software ASPECT (e.g., Kronbichler et al., 2012; Heister et al., 2017; Rose et al., 2017).

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