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Seasonality of damage-inducing torrential events in Austria (1962-2017)

Frequency, magnitude and seasonality of damage-inducing torrential events in Austria (1962-2017)

Information on frequency, magnitude and seasonality of damage-inducing torrential flooding events from steep, alpine headwater catchments (torrents) in Austria, for the period from 1962 to 2017. The datasets are based on information from the Austrian torrential event catalogue. The frequency data set is complemented with information on the number of functional torrential structures (technical mitigation measures), the number of exposed buildings as well as a multitude of climate indices related to precipitation, snow melt and the sum of precipitation plus snowmelt. Annual aggregates are derived by using area-weighted means across all catchments.

Magnitude of damage-inducing torrential events in Austria (1962-2017)

Frequency of damage-inducing torrential events in Austria (1962-2017)

Electrical Resistivity of Cores of the KTB Pilot Hole VB1

In general, four-electrode devices are used to measure the resistivity on original (unprepared) cores and on mini cores drilled from these original cores. The in-phase and the out-of-phase signal is measured and therefore the complex resistivity is determined. All measurements are performed under surface conditions (room temperature and atmospheric pressure). Four point like electrodes are situated at the core surface along a semicircle in a plane perpendicular to the core axis. The two current electrodes are opposite to each other. The electrodes are in contact to the sample by a porous plastic material soaked with 0.1 molar NaCl solution. Voltage and current is measured by a lock-in-amplifier at 120 Hz frequency. Due to high contact resistances, only the magnitude of complex resistivity is used. By computer controlled rotating of the core and moving of the electrode arrangement along the cores z axis, resistivity as a function of azimuth and length is measured.

Electrical Resistivity of Cores of the KTB Pilot Hole VB1a

In general, four-electrode devices are used to measure the resistivity on original (unprepared) cores and on mini cores drilled from these original cores. The in-phase and the out-of-phase signal is measured and therefore the complex resistivity is determined. All measurements are performed under surface conditions (room temperature and atmospheric pressure).Four point like electrodes are situated at the core surface along a semicircle in a plane perpendicular to the core axis. The two current electrodes are opposite to each other. The electrodes are in contact to the sample by a porous plastic material soaked with 0.1 molar NaCl solution. Voltage and current is measured by a lock-in-amplifier at 120 Hz frequency. Due to high contact resistances, only the magnitude of complex resistivity is used. By computer controlled rotating of the core and moving of the electrode arrangement along the cores z axis, resistivity as a function of azimuth and length is measured.

Electrical Resistivity of Cores of the KTB Pilot Hole HB1a

In general, four-electrode devices are used to measure the resistivity on original (unprepared) cores and on mini cores drilled from these original cores. The in-phase and the out-of-phase signal is measured and therefore the complex resistivity is determined. All measurements are performed under surface conditions (room temperature and atmospheric pressure). Four point like electrodes are situated at the core surface along a semicircle in a plane perpendicular to the core axis. The two current electrodes are opposite to each other. The electrodes are in contact to the sample by a porous plastic material soaked with 0.1 molar NaCl solution. Voltage and current is measured by a lock-in-amplifier at 120 Hz frequency. Due to high contact resistances, only the magnitude of complex resistivity is used. By computer controlled rotating of the core and moving of the electrode arrangement along the cores z axis, resistivity as a function of azimuth and length is measured.

Electrical Resistivity of Cores of the KTB Pilot Hole HB1g

In general, four-electrode devices are used to measure the resistivity on original (unprepared) cores and on mini cores drilled from these original cores. The in-phase and the out-of-phase signal is measured and therefore the complex resistivity is determined. All measurements are performed under surface conditions (room temperature and atmospheric pressure). Four point like electrodes are situated at the core surface along a semicircle in a plane perpendicular to the core axis. The two current electrodes are opposite to each other. The electrodes are in contact to the sample by a porous plastic material soaked with 0.1 molar NaCl solution. Voltage and current is measured by a lock-in-amplifier at 120 Hz frequency. Due to high contact resistances, only the magnitude of complex resistivity is used. By computer controlled rotating of the core and moving of the electrode arrangement along the cores z axis, resistivity as a function of azimuth and length is measured.

Electrical Resistivity of Cores of the KTB Main Hole HB1

In general, four-electrode devices are used to measure the resistivity on original (unprepared) cores and on mini cores drilled from these original cores. The in-phase and the out-of-phase signal is measured and therefore the complex resistivity is determined. All measurements are performed under surface conditions (room temperature and atmospheric pressure).Four point like electrodes are situated at the core surface along a semicircle in a plane perpendicular to the core axis. The two current electrodes are opposite to each other. The electrodes are in contact to the sample by a porous plastic material soaked with 0.1 molar NaCl solution. Voltage and current is measured by a lock-in-amplifier at 120 Hz frequency. Due to high contact resistances, only the magnitude of complex resistivity is used. By computer controlled rotating of the core and moving of the electrode arrangement along the cores z axis, resistivity as a function of azimuth and length is measured.

Axial Vp on Core Samples of the KTB Main Hole HB1

Ultrasonic wave propagation through core samples is studied in a water tank to insure good signal transmission between transducer, rock specimen and receiver and to avoid time - consuming mechanical preparations. A specifically designed instrumentation was used, which allows to measure the radial p-wave velocity in the plane normal to the core axis and, if the core sample is long enough, also the axial p- and s-wave velocities by common mid-point (CMP) refraction experiments, with water as the upper and the core as the lower layer. By rotating the cores, all measurements are performed for variable azimuths. Computer control of all mechanical and electronical operations, digital 10-bit data aquisition, signal stacking and interactive seismogram evaluation are essential features of the system. Data are available from the few cores taken below 4000 m. The investigations were carried out on the longest core sample of each cored interval (16 specimens).

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