These data were produced in two experimental studies. The first experiment was conducted on September 22, 2018. Over a five-week period, mussel shell-length (mm d-1), mass, and tissue dry weight growth (both mg d-1) were assessed in response to twelve temperature scenarios composed of constant versus daily fluctuating regimes using Kiel Indoor Benthocosms (KIBs). In the second experiment, started on November 20, 2018, filtration (feeding) and respiration rates of different mussel individuals were recorded in seven temporally repeated trials of one-day thermal fluctuations using the Fluorometer and Oximeter-equipped Flow-through Setup (FOFS; Vajedsamiei et al., 2021).
Temperature is a major driver for the geographical distribution of organisms, such as the foundation kelp species Saccharina latissima. Globally rising sea surface temperatures and intensification of marine heatwaves have already led to local loss of kelp populations. We investigated temporal variations in the thermal susceptibility of S. latissima. Therefore, we assessed the stress responses of field sporophytes sampled from Helgoland (German Bight) to an experimental heat wave scenario in June 2018, August 2018, and August 2019. The experiment in June 2018 was conducted by Diehl et al. (2021a) and the respective dataset (Diehl et al. 2021b, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.931637) was re-evaluated for this study. Treatment temperatures (18, 20, 22, 24 °C) were based on 18 °C summer mean sea surface temperature on Helgoland as control, and Δ+2, Δ+4, Δ+6 °C as temperature-amplitude treatments, mimicking marine heatwaves. After a three-days wound healing phase, seven days of temperature acclimation (day 0-7) and seven days of temperature treatment (day 8-14) followed. The survival, growth and maximum photosynthetic quantum yield (Fv/Fm; June 2018/August 2018: ImagingPAM, Walz Imaging PAM Maxi Version M-series; August 2019: Portable Chlorophyll Fluorometer PAM-2100, Heinz Walz GmbH, Effeltrich, Germany) were measured on day 0 and day 14. To highlight changes as response to the experimental heat wave, physiological parameters were shown as percentage of the initial values. Absolute concentrations of pigments were analyzed using a HPLC. Afterwards, accessory pigment (Acc) and xanthophyll cycle pigment (VAZ) concentration, as well as the de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle (DPS) and ratios were calculated.
To assess the thermal adaptation of microscopic stages of the kelp Laminaria digitata along latitudes, we conducted laboratory experiments on samples from six locations in the NE Atlantic (Spitsbergen (SPT), Tromsø (TRM), Bodø (BOD; all Norway), Helgoland (HLG; Germany), Roscoff (ROS) and Quiberon (QUI; both France)), spanning the species' entire distribution range. In experiment 1, we exposed gametophytes to (sub-) lethal high priming temperatures (20-25°C) for two weeks, followed by two weeks of recovery at 15°C, to observe gametophyte survival and sporophyte formation. In experiment 2, samples were subjected to (sub-) optimal low temperatures (0-15°C) for 21 days, to assess gametophyte survival, sporophyte formation and growth. During the experiments, samples were kept in 15 µmol photons/m²/s white light under a 16:8h light:dark cycle. Prior to the experiments, cultures were stored at 15°C in iron-free ½ Provasoli enriched seawater in 3-4 µmol photons/m²/s red light.