Das Projekt "The Role of an Integrated Tradable Green Certificate System in a Liberalising Market (InTraCert)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Leibniz Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung GmbH, Forschungsbereich Umwelt- und Ressourcenökonomik, Umweltmanagement.The instrument of tradable certificates was the focal point of this research project. So far, the trading of green certificates for promoting renewable sources of energy has mainly been discussed for the electricity sector, and several EU Member States are in the process of implementing such schemes. In the InTraCert project, we examined the applicability to expand this support scheme for renewable energy sources to the gas as well as the heat sector. Another important part of InTraCert was the analysis of the interaction between a tradable green certificates system and the realisation of the Kyoto mechanisms. Finally, we looked at the existing regulatory instruments in the EU Member States in the fields of climate, environmental and energy policy, and checked their compatibility with the new instruments of certificate trading. The objective of the project was to determine the main elements for the optimal design of an integrated European certificates system. One of the major outcomes was a comprehensive list of policy recommendations for implementing trading systems for RES and GHG-emissions at the EU and/or at the national level.
Das Projekt "REALISE FORUM - Renewable Energy and Liberalisation in Selected Electricity markets Forum" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Berlin, Otto-Suhr-Institut für Politikwissenschaft, Bereich Innenpolitik und Systemvergleich, Forschungsstelle für Umweltpolitik.In energy policy, one of the biggest challenges for decision makers is to give life to energy market frameworks which allow free market forces to operate in such a way that supplies of reliable and affordable energy are ensured whilst at the same time all other social objectives are met in a sustainable manner. In the case of renewable energy sources, a crucial question remains whether to meet this challenge the European Union would necessarily have to move from a technology-based approach (fixed tariffs) to a more market-based one (TGC), promoting international certificate trade, certification and labelling as well as internalising external costs for the prices of conventional power. Against this background, REALISE FORUM (Renewable Energy and Liberalisation in Selected Electricity markets-Forum) attempted to establish a basis for coherence for national renewables policies in the view of a possible harmonisation or coordination of financing mechanisms and support scheme for RES-E. This has been done by investigating the experience gained with feed in tariffs (FIT) and tradable green certificates (TGCs) in countries that are in an advanced phase of liberalisation of their electricity markets. Building on and complementing running national and EU activities, REALISE-Forum has: identified existing barriers for a possibly harmonised/coordinated European RES support scheme; initiated an organised dialogue of various stakeholders to discuss steps on the way to future incentive schemes compatible with market criteria, sustainability and social acceptability; created a platform for various stakeholders to discuss in a balanced way specific support policy issues and promote the exchange of information and experience; drawn recommendations for future policymaking. The project has been managed by a joint contact point based in Berlin and by 5 national desks in the Netherlands, Italy, Germany, Slovenia and Norway. These were responsible to initiate a dialogue with national key actors on the adopted RES support system and to estimate costs and benefits of a TGC system in comparison to other support measures. Valuable input and advice has come from a steering group whose members included decision makers and experts from the key actors and target groups also from countries such as the UK and Belgium that have already adopted green certificates, but are not present in the consortium. This group has been joined by co-ordinators of related EU-projects. Major results: A coherent analysis and an assessment of the interplay between RES-E support measures and liberalisation of the electricity markets in selected new/old Member States of the EU, where the liberalisation of the electricity market has already been completed or almost accomplished; Identification of barriers to converging support systems; Development of basic principles as a guidance for a possible coordinated RES-E support system; Lessons for policy from ongoing experiences from FIT and TGC schemes etc.