Real-time fluid monitoring began in late 2020 in the East Eifel and currently includes 12 sites, such as abandoned CO₂ wells, mofettes, CO₂-rich springs, CO₂-rich soil, and a cold-water geyser in the West Eifel. For the first time, fluid data are being recorded continuously with a high temporal resolution of up to 1 Hz. Depending on the local site conditions, the following parameters are being monitored: instrument temperature and battery voltage; barometric pressure and temperature; meteorological parameters; water level, wellhead pressure, water temperature; radon in free gas phase; CO2 concentration and CO2 flux in soil gas. Data are transmitted hourly via FTP to GFZ. While we generally observe small seasonal variations, short-term transients related to heavy rain or local and distant earthquakes are indicated. Over longer periods, we observe trend changes in helium isotope ratios, radon concentration, and water temperature. For example, two sites exhibited significant helium isotope changes from 2021 to 2025, which appear to correlate with earthquake swarms at depth. These examples demonstrate the necessity of jointly interpreting meteorological, hydrogeological, geophysical, and geodetic data.
This dataset contains noble gas (He, Ne, Ar) isotopic and elemental compositions of geothermal spring fluids collected across the North-Western Himalaya as part of the “Himalayan Geothermal Project: Investigating Geothermal Systems in the North Western Himalaya – Origin and Tectonic Influence”. The primary purpose of data collection was to determine the sources, mixing processes, and crust–mantle interactions governing geothermal fluid evolution in an active continental collision zone. Water samples were collected from major geothermal localities in Himachal Pradesh (India) using glass water.
The entire analysis was carried out in the Laboratory of Noble Gas Isotopes at the INGV Section in Palermo following all standard procedures.
The resultant dataset is provided as a single CSV file containing all processed noble gas concentrations, isotopic ratios and other realted data.
This publication results from work conducted under the transnational access/national open access action at Laboratory of Noble Gas Isotopes at the INGV Section in Palermo (Italy) supported by WP3 ILGE - MEET project, PNRR - EU Next Generation Europe program, MUR grant number D53C22001400005.