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Early modern text-based dataset of demography, economy, social and environmental crises from the Mulde River system, Germany

This dataset compiles historical socio-economic, demographic and hydrological records from between 1611 CE to 1800 CE to provide contextual information for primary-source data on salmon catches in the Mulde catchment and the German Elbe river system. Local economic conditions are represented by a historical series of market prices for "grain" (Korn, probably rye), selected because it offers the highest temporal density among the available grain-price records. The series was compiled from Kamprad's annals by Schellenberg and extended to 1841, with reporting intervals ranging from 0.2 to 16 years (mean approximately four years). Prices recorded in Thaler, Gulden, Groschen and Pfennig were standardised as decimal Gulden. Demographic conditions were reconstructed from annual baptism and burial records of St Mary's Church, which provide numbers of births and deaths for 1637–1841; earlier records were destroyed in the city fire of 1637. A deaths-to-births ratio was calculated as measure of excess mortality. Reports of city fires, food-supply crises and disease outbreaks were additionally extracted from local chronicles. Historical flood and drought events were compiled from published datasets and chronicles covering the Mulde sub-catchment, the German reaches of the Elbe and other Elbe tributaries. These records were collected to document socio-environmental conditions potentially relevant to the operation and maintenance of salmon-catching infrastructure and to longitudinal river connectivity.

Historical salmon (Salmo salar) catches in the Elbe catchment since the 16th century according to historical sources and recent catch data

Until the middle of the 20th century, the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was an important migratory fish species in the Elbe River. Its decline and disappearance from the river and its tributaries during the last century can be seen as an indication of changes in the river habitat. Here we provide a georeferenced database on historical and recent Atlantic salmon catches in the Elbe River and its tributaries created by a literature review. The database consists of documented catches from secondary sources between 1432 and 2021 and also includes information about spatio-temporal inaccuracies.

Gridded habitat ranges of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) gathered from historical sources

Until the middle of the 20th century, the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was an important migratory fish species in the Elbe River. Its decline and disappearance from the river and its tributaries during the last century can be seen as an indication of changes in the river habitat. Here we provide historical habitat ranges of Atlantic salmon mapped out of catch records gathered from historical sources and recent data in a simplified presence/absence approach for the Elbe River system. We used a standardized 16 km² grid approach created for data synthesis within SPP 2361 "On the Way to the Fluvial Anthroposphere" for mapping habitat ranges. Time slices for presence data are 1300-1500, 1501-1600, 1601-1700, 1701-1800, 1801-1850, 1851-1900, 1901-1947 and 1996-2021. Between 1947 and 1995 the Salmon was considered extinct in the Elbe River system.

Early modern text-based dataset of salmon stocks and socio-natural drivers in the Mulde River system, Germany

This dataset contains information extracted from text-based primary sources concerning the construction, operation and maintenance of the salmon weir at Leisnig, Saxony between 1616 and 1767 CE. The archival documents were retrieved from the Dresden State Archives and transcribed selectively according to their relevance to salmon catches, fisheries costs and revenues, damage incidents, and legal disputes relating to salmon fishing. For each relevant entry, the year, locality, planned and realised revenues and costs, catch numbers and weights, timber requirements, and reported causes of damage, including ice, floods, warfare and unspecified causes, were recorded where available. Brief content descriptions, archival references, source types, communicative occasions and additional notes were also documented. The extracted information was entered into a structured database that combines quantitative variables with qualitative annotations, thereby preserving the archival provenance and documentary context of each record.

Data of magnetic storms and term-day observations from the Prague-Clementinum observatory (1839-1849)

We provide in digital form unique data observed at Prague-Clementinum in years 1839-1849. The data were obtained by digitising and processing the original old records published in the yearbooks of this historical observatory. The data contain two categories of high cadence observations of magnetic declination and horizontal intensity. The first of these categories captures 73 magnetic storms with their magnitude being of at least a moderate level. The second category is the dense observations during the days that had been agreed for joint measurements by the observatories organised in the Göttingen Magnetic Union (GMU), these measurements being known as term-day observations. Whereas four terms per year were set by GMU, many observatories agreed to carry out additional observations in the eight remaining months. The term-day observations also continued being performed for several years after the end of the GMU activities in 1841. Data of 120 term-days from January 1840 to December 1849 are published. The observations started at 10 p.m. of Göttingen Mean Time and lasted 24 hours. The interval between observations was 5 minutes (in April, June and July 1842 exceptionally 6 minutes). All time data were transformed into UT, based on the longitude of the Göttingen observatory, which was 9.950°. The time shift is thus 39'48''. The date in the file name of magnetic storm indicates the start day of the event, whereas the date in the term-day file name indicates the second day which involves substantial part of the observations (22 out of 24 hours).

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