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HySpex - Level 2 Hyperspectral Images - Bohemian Forest

This collection contains airborne hyperspectral imagery acquired by the EOC user service OpAiRS. The data was recorded with the airborne DLR EnMAP simulator, which contains two HySpex cameras manufactured by the Norwegian Company NEO. The survey has been conducted within the scope of the “Data Pool Initiative for the Bohemian Forest Ecosystem”. It covers parts of the Bohemian forest, mainly the Bavarian Forest National Park. The data are made available as orthorectified ground reflectance. For more information concerning the airborne sensor system the reader is referred to: https://www.dlr.de/eoc/en/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-11411/19998_read-46623/

Stationäre Feldspektrometermessungen

Processed stationary field spectroscopy measurementes. Time series were collected with solar powered long-term installations (LTI) using the RoX field spectrometer within the frame of the mDRONES4RIVERS project in the years 2019, 2020 and 2021 respectively. Measurement were recorded at the southern tip of the island Nonnenwerth in 2019 and 2020, over a side arm of the Rhine in Emmericher Ward 2019, 2020, 2021 (as Emmerich I) and in a ditch at the side arm in Emmericher Ward 2020 and 2021 (as Emmerich II) in Germany. LTI Nonnenwerth was investigating dewberry (Rubus caesius), LTI Emmerich I was investigating sediment dynamics and mixed pioneering vegetation and LTI Emmerich II was investigating mainly mixed pioneering vegetation. The incoming radiance is measured with optics of hemispherical (~180°) field of view and the reflected radiance with conical (~25°) field of view. Zip repositories contain folders named according to LTI place and year of recording. They include human radable .csv files for raw RoX data, calibrated radiance and reflectance in subfolders named after date of recording, a folder with time-lapse photographs of the footprint (only for Emmerich I and Emmerich II) and an ALL_INDEX file, each. For reflectance and radiance files, the first collumn contains the associated central wavelengths, the first row the time of recording, each subsequent field of the table contains the calibrated radiance (in W m-2 sr-1 nm-1) or reflectance (unitless) values. The ALL_INDEX file contains meta data, computed vegetation indices(VI) and quality flags for the time series.

Demmin, Germany (2015) - a (hyperspectral) dataset for active participation in the HYPERedu MOOC on soil applications

This dataset accompanying the MOOC on soil applications contains an airborne hyperspectral HySpex image over the study site Demmin in Northern Germany which was recorded in October 2015. The surrounding area of Demmin is characterized by its glacial past and is largely used for agriculture. Here you can find relics of the ice age such as kettle holes - small, completely closed hollow shapes whose formation is attributed to the burial and subsequent thawing of an ice lens. Mostly overgrown nowadays by vegetation, SOC accumulates in these areas and higher contents are measured. The image dataset is fully pre-processed – all non-soil pixels are masked, the spectra were smoothed using a Savitzky-Golay Filter and transformed to first derivatives – and provided in BSQ format. In addition to the HySpex image, this dataset contains a point data shapefile with 27 sampling locations, as well as information on the soil organic carbon (SOC) contents [g/kg]. The dataset is made publicly available as part of the Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) "Beyond the Visible - Imaging Spectroscopy for Soil Applications ", available from Spring 2023. Guidance on how to derive quantitative soil maps (SOC content) using the EnMAP-Box (QGIS plugin) are provided as videos at the HYPERedu YouTube channel, the soil MOOC course pages and the regression workflow documentation.

Cabo de Gata-Nίjar Natural Park, Spain (2005) - a (hyperspectral) dataset for active participation in the HYPERedu MOOC on soil applications

The dataset contains a subset of an airborne hyperspectral HyMap image over the Cabo de Gata-Nίjar Natural Park in Spain from 15.06.2005, and soil wet chemistry data based on in-situ soil sampling. The Cabo de Gata-Nίjar Natural Park is a semi-arid mediterranean area in Southern Spain, sparsely populated and with a range of landscape patterns. The soils in this area are developed on volcanic and carbonatic bedrocks and are highly variable in their textural and mineralogical composition, offering interesting spectral variability. The airborne survey was acquired during a DLR / HyVista HyEurope campaign. The image dataset is fully processed for atmospheric and geometric correction with PARGE and ATCOR and is provided as orthorectified reflectance in BSQ format. Spatial resolution is 5 m and spectral coverage is 0.45-2.45 μm with 12-17 nm spectral sampling. In addition to the HyMap imagery, this dataset contains two soil reference datasets as CSV files, namely in-situ data for clay content and iron content. The dataset is made publicly available as part of the Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) "Beyond the Visible - Imaging Spectroscopy for Soil Applications ", available from Spring 2024. Guidance on how to derive semiquantitative and quantitative soil maps (clay and iron content) using the EnMAP-Box (QGIS plugin) EnSoMAP tool are provided as videos at the HYPERedu YouTube channel (https://www.youtube.com/@HYPERedu_GFZ/playlists) and the soil MOOC course pages (https://eo-college.org/courses/beyond-the-visible-imaging-spectroscopy-for-soil-applications/).

Mobile Feldspektrometermessungen

Collected, processed mobile field spectroscopy measurementes, acquired during the campaigns within the frame of the mDRONES4RIVERS project in the years 2019, 2020 and 2021 respectively. Measurement were conducted in river-shore areas along the Rhine in Emmericher Ward, Nonnenwerth, Niederwerth, Kuehkopf and Laubenheim in Germany, to accompany airborne, multispectral mapping and to collect representative hyperspectral signatures of vegetation and sediments. The incoming radiance is measured with optics of hemispherical (~180°) field of view and the reflected radiance with conical (~25°) field of view, optics were stabilized with and active gimbal. The data is present as human-readable .csv files and structured for each year in folders named with date and place of recording. Raw data, calibrated reflectance, reflected radiance, incoming radiance from measurements with the RoX field-spectrometer and derived vegetation indices (VI) are in subfolder /JB-112-GX/. Associated photos for each recorded footprint are collected in the /fotos/ folder. The derived level-2 data products are placed in /mD4R_L3-products/ and contains an overview table with unique ID, summarized meta-data including notes from the field protocol, associted photo-ID, GPS coordinates in WGS-84 and in ETRS 89 - 32N, classification information in 4 levels of differentiation and VI for each recorded footprint. In addition is the deconvolved multispectral reflectance response for the MicaSense Red Edge and Red Edge Blue, as well as the Gyrocopter costum sensor PanX 3.0 with all available filters reported with mean and standard deviation for each footprint in an individual file per sensor. Furthermore, this folder contains the mean and standard deviation of the hyperspectral reflectance as recorded by the RoX for each footprint. Primary key for all tables is the collumn IDMD4R, which contains a unique identifier for each footprint, composed out of the short for place of recording, year of recording, season (1 - winter, 2 - spring, 3- summer, 4 - fall), date, work group and running index. In addition, the protocol.txt file contains the raw notes taken during the field measurements. The same information is also present in the notes column of the overview table in the products folder.

Berlin as seen by EnMAP - a (hyperspectral) dataset for active participation in the HYPERedu MOOC on preprocessing techniques

The dataset contains a spaceborne hyperspectral image acquired by EnMAP over Berlin, Germany, and surrounding areas on July 24th, 2022. The data was preprocessed to Level 1B format (systematically and radiometrically corrected) and is provided in separate BSQ files for the VNIR and SWIR sensor of the instrument, respectively. The Level 1B product is accompanied by a history file (xml), a metadata file (xml), six quality masks (cirrus, classes, cloud, cloud shadow, haze and snow) as well as quality test flags and pixel masks for the VNIR and SWIR files separately (all TIF format). In addition, this dataset comes with a digital elevation model, COP-DEM-GLO-30-R (ESA, Copernicus) and a Sentinel-2 scene (ESA, Copernicus) as references for geometric and atmospheric correction with the EnMAP processing tool (EnPT). Please note that the two datasets described above are NOT part of the same license as the EnMAP data. The dataset is made publicly available as part of the Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) "Beyond the Visible - EnMAP data access and image preprocessing techniques", available from July 2023. Guidance on preprocessing hyperspectral imagery in general, access to EnMAP data and a hands-on tutorial on preprocessing of EnMAP data with EnPT in the EnMAP-Box (QGIS plugin) are provided as videos at the HYPERedu YouTube channel, the MOOC course page and the EnPT documentation. More information about the EnMAP mission can be found on the mission website and in Guanter et al. (2016) and Storch et al. (2023).

Irlbach 2021 - An Agricultural Flight Campaign to prepare for Spaceborne Spectroscopy using the AVIRIS_NG Instrument

The airborne hyperspectral image was acquired by the AVIRIS-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) instrument during the AVIRIS-NG Europe 2021 HyperSense campaign that has been conducted as a joint effort of ESA, NASA/JPL and the University of Zurich. Acquired was an agricultural area near Irlbach, Germany on May 30th, 2021. The data was preprocessed (radiometrically, geometrically and atmospherically corrected) to contain 419 bands in the 402 - 2495 nm spectral range. Metadata was acquired on the same day for the variables Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Chlorophyll content, crop height and phenology. An overview of metadata acquisition and processing can be found in the HYPERedu YouTube videos on ground reference data acquisition in the field and ground reference data acquisition in the lab. More details on LAI and chlorophyll acquisition can be found in the field data guides assembled by the authors of this dataset via enmap.org (Danner et al., 2015; Süß et al., 2015). The dataset is made publically available within the massive open online course (MOOC) "Beyond the Visible - Introduction to Imaging Spectroscopy for Agricultural Applications", available from December 2022.

Mineral reflectance spectra and chemistry of 32 Li-bearing surface samples from Bajoca mine, Almendra, Portugal

The data set contains chemical analyses of 32 different surface materials from the Bajoca feldspar mine in Portugal and their corresponding hyperspectral reflectance spectra. The field samples were collected in May 2019 within the LIGHTS (Lightweight Integrated Ground and Airborne Hyperspectral Topological Solutions) project. The goal in this project is to develop tools for hybrid data analysis of remote sensing data from different scales, geochemical and geological data for Li target area exploration (LIGHTS; Cardoso-Fernandes et al. (2020a,b & 2021) & Fabre et al. (in prep.)). The hyperspectral data were acquired in the laboratory with the HySpex system in a range of 414 – 2498nm and on-site with the Spectral Evolution PSR+ 3500 handheld spectroradiometer (short “PSR+”) in a range of 350 – 2500nm. The sample spectra of 32 different surface samples are presented for both sensors systems. The resulting HySpex reflectance data are scaled from 0 – 10000, the PSR+ reflectance data are scaled from 0-1. Detailed information about the samples and geochemistry is presented in the data sheets.

Hyperspectral imaging data of the northern mine face and of laboratory samples of the copper-gold-pyrite mine Apliki, Nicosia District, Republic of Cyprus

The data set contains VNIR and SWIR raw and reference hyperspectral imaging data of the Apliki mine open cut and of samples from the surface of the mine measured in the laboratory. It is con-nected to the published spectral library and chemical analyses of 37 different surface materials from the copper-gold-pyrite mine Apliki in the Republic of Cyprus (Koerting et al., 2019). The field outcrop scan was acquired in March 2018 in cooperation with the Geological Survey Department of the Republic of Cyprus (GSD) and the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ). The laboratory sample scan presented in this document is a collection of hyperspectral scans compiled in one large dataset. The hyperspectral data in the field and the lab were acquired with the HySpex sys-tem in a range of 414 – 2498 nm. The field data is shared as one VNIR and one SWIR radiance and reflectance data cube each. The laboratory data is shared as one full VNIR-SWIR (414 – 2450nm) reflectance data cube that was processed and corrected for the detector jump, data spikes and the last 8 SWIR bands were clipped due to a low signal to noise ratio (SNR). The data and the samples originate from fieldwork in the Republic of Cyprus and laboratory work at the GFZ Potsdam. A detailed description of the data acquisition and processing can be found in Koerting (2021).

Mineral reflectance spectra and LIBS data of 18 lithium-bearing mineral samples (lepidolite, petalite and spodumene specimen)

The data set contains LIBS (Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) emission spectra of 18 lithium-bearing minerals and their corresponding hyperspectral reflectance spectra. The data were collected within the research project LIGHTS (Lightweight Integrated Ground and Airborne Hyperspectral Topological Solutions, http://lights.univ-lorraine.fr/) which aims at developing a new exploration process for Li targets combining drone-borne hyperspectral data and field observations. Hyperspectral data were acquired with the HySpex system in a wavelength range of 414 - 2498 nm and are presented in a spectral library. Detailed information about the samples and area of spectral retrieval is presented in the data sheet below. The spectral library presented here expands the collection of spectral libraries including samples from rare-earth minerals, rare-earth-oxides (Koerting et al., 2019a) and copper-bearing minerals (Koellner et al., 2019) which are fully described in Koerting et al. (2021). These libraries aim to give a spectral overview of important resources and deposit mineralizations. 18 samples taken partly from the collections of the University of Potsdam (UP) and the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) and partly in the field during previous measurement campaigns were hyperspectrally measured and geochemically analysed by using a LIBS handheld analyzer. A description of the HySpex system in lab use can be found in Koerting et al. (2021). The lithium-bearing mineral samples were measured without prior sample preparation as the surface of the minerals and the influence of the mineral structure were of interest (Figure 1). Figure 1 shows one HySpex scan of four lepidolite samples (Lep1, Lep2, Lep3, Lep4) displayed as a true color RGB image in order to show the untreated samples and the white reflectance (WR) panel needed for the hyperspectral measurements (WR 90%).

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