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Laser scanning point clouds of forest stands were acquired in southwest Germany in 2019 and 2020 from different platforms: an aircraft, an uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) and a ground-based tripod. The UAV-borne and airborne laser scanning campaigns cover twelve forest plots of approximately 1 ha. The plots are located in mixed central European forests close to Bretten and Karlsruhe, in the federal state of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Terrestrial laser scanning was performed in selected locations within the twelve forest plots. Airborne and terrestrial laser scanning point clouds were acquired under leaf-on conditions, UAV-borne laser scans were acquired both under leaf-on and later under leaf-off conditions. In addition to the laser scanning campaigns, forest inventory tree properties (species, height, diameter at breast height, crown base height, crown diameter) were measured in-situ during summer 2019 in six of the twelve 1-ha plots. Single tree point clouds were extracted from the different laser scanning datasets and matched to the field measurements. For each tree entry, point clouds, tree species, position, and field-measured and point cloud-derived tree metrics are provided. For 249 trees, point clouds from all three platforms are available. The tree models form the basis of a single tree database covering a range of species typical for central European forests which is currently being established in the framework of the SYSSIFOSS project.
Dieser Datensatz enthält die Straßenbreiten im Freiburger Stadtgebiet, von Bordsteinunterkante zu Bordsteinunterkante, dargestellt als Breitenlinien. Die Straßenbreiten wurden aus den 3D-Punktwolken der Befahrung des Frühjahr 2024 automatisiert abgeleitet, indem die Unterkante der Bordsteine auf beiden Straßenseite identifiziert und lokalisiert wurden. An den Stellen, an denen auf einer oder beiden Seiten der Bordstein nicht identifiziert werden konnte, erfolgte keine Breitebestimmung. Die automatisierte Ableitung wurde nicht manuell nachgearbeitet. Bei groben Verschmutzungen am Fahrbahnrand, Bordsteinabsenkungen, ggf. parkenden Autos und verschiedenem "Straßenmobiliar" (z.B. Poller) kann es daher sein, dass ein "falscher Bordstein" identifiziert wurde und es daher zu einer fehlerhaften Breitebestimmung kam. Wir empfehlen daher die gleichzeitige Einblendung von Luftbildern um eine schnelle Einordnung der Bestimmung vorzunehmen.
Ziel des Vorhabens ist, neben der Aufnahme des systembestimmenden Wirkungsgefüges für die alpine Gebirgsstufe, vor allem ein möglichst wirklichkeitsnahes Landschaftsmodell aufzubauen, um prognostische Aussagen zu potentiellen Umweltveränderungen für die alpine Stufe der Alpen treffen zu können. Das geplante Vorhaben versucht daher, für den alpinen Raum möglichst präzise flächenrelevante Aussagen zu den Systemparametern Vegetation, Biomasse, Relief, Schneedecke, Bodenfeuchte und Bodenwärme zu treffen, um im landschaftsökologischen Sinne das signifikante Beziehungsgefüge dieser Größen herauszustellen. Im Vordergrund der Arbeiten steht vor allem der Einsatz eines neuen feldtauglichen Messprinzips zur Bestimmung des Bodenwassergehalts auf der Basis von Wärmekapazitätsmessungen. Infolge einer engen Bindung des Bodenfeuchteregimes an das Mikrorelief sowie an die hydrologisch bedeutsame Schneedecke, sollen auch diese beiden ökologisch wichtigen Kenngrößen mit Hilfe einer fortschrittlichen Erfassungsmethodik aufgenommen werden (lasergestützter Digitalkompaß, 3D-Software). Es ist insbesondere dieser neue methodische Ansatz, der das geplante Vorhaben klar von bereits durchgeführten landschaftsökologischen Arbeiten in vergleichbaren Räumen löst und daher vielversprechende ökologische Grundlagenergebnisse erwarten läßt. Die vergleichsweise exakten Punkt- und Flächenparameteraufnahmen können aber auch als Beschreibung des ökosystemaren Ist-Zustandes verstanden werden, so daß Aufnahmewiederholungen bereits stattgefundene Systemveränderungen dokumentierten können (Ökosystemmonitoring).
The GBL (INSPIRE) represents mechanically drilled boreholes approved by the State Geological Surveys of Germany (SGS). Most of the drilling data were not collected by the SGS, but were transmitted to SGS by third parties in accordance with legal requirements. Therefore, the SGS can accept no responsibility for the accuracy of the information. According to the Data Specification on Geology (D2.8.II.4_v3.0) the boreholes of each federal state are stored in one INSPIRE-compliant GML file. The GML file together with a Readme.txt file is provided in ZIP format (e.g. GBL-INSPIRE_Lower_Saxony.zip). The Readme.txt file (German/English) contains detailed information on the GML file content. Data transformation was proceeded by using the INSPIRE Solution Pack for FME according to the INSPIRE requirements.
The Weser estuary at the German North Sea coast serves as a fairway to the harbours of Bremerhaven and Bremen. To ensure safe shipping and navigation, the navigation channel depths are nowadays intensively monitored, and have been so in the past. These are valuable data for consulting and research purposes, and enables investigations leading to a better understanding of hydrodynamics, salt intrusion and morphological processes in the estuary, in the present as well as the past. For recent years, thanks to modern monitoring techniques and digitalization, measuring data has been compiled to consistent digital terrain models of high quality and accuracy. For time periods before the 1990ies however, measurements were scarcer and the data are available only in form of printed bathymetrical and nautical charts. The objective of the project “Historical system states of the Weser estuary (HIWEST)” was to: • digitalize depths measurements starting from 1960, • georeference the data points and • process and compile them to digital terrain models that can be used for research and consulting. The project was led and financed by the Federal Waterways Engineering and Research Institute (BAW). It was supported by the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH) and by the German Water and Shipping Administration (WSV) who provided printed charts and scanned data sets. The smile consulting GmbH was contracted to process the data and compile digital terrain models. One of the main challenges of the project was georeferencing. While georeferencing and projecting in the horizontal domain was comparatively straightforward, the transformation of depths below different chart datums to the Germans mean height reference system represented a challenge. This was accomplished by an algorithm considering spatial polygons provided by BSH and further meta information on the different levelling systems. The accuracy of the data sets differs depending on the quality of the original data. Since the 1990ies, powerful measurement methods such as airborne laser scanning (ALS) and multibeam echo-sounding has led to high resolutions and high data accuracy. In past surveys, the depths were measured in single-beam echo-soundings, often along individual cross sections, and there is no information between these soundings. As a result, the older terrain models are much smoother then the newer ones and contain less detailed information. More technical details can be found in the appendix of the technical report. The following digital terrain models (DTM, in the following the German abbreviation DGM is used) of the Lower and Outer Weser estuary were made available: • DGM 1966, marking the situation before deepening the Outer Weser to SKN-12 m</li> • DGM 1972, marking the situation before deepening the Lower Weser to SKN-9 m</li> • DGM 1981, marking the situation before extensive river works in the Lower Weser</li> • DGM 1996, marking the situation before deepening the Outer Weser to SKN-14 m</li> • DGM 2002, marking the situation after deepening the Outer Weser to SKN-14 m, reference digital terrain model. The years were chosen so they would represent consistent periods not affected by constructive engineering measures such as channel deepenings, and secondly based on optimal data availability. Each data set however consists not only of data from the respective year, but data had to be added from adjacent years. To close gaps, data from recent surveys were used. The data sets span the whole estuary from the North Sea to the tidal weir in the city of Bremen and are available as 1x1 m raster data sets. How to cite the HIWEST data: <strong style="color: red;"> The data set is only to be quoted together with the Technical Report.</strong> Report: Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau (2020): Historical digital terrain models of the Weser Estuary (HIWEST). Technical Report B3955.02.04.70168-6. Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau. https://henry.baw.de/handle/20.500.11970/107521 Data set: Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau (2020): Historical digital terrain model data of the Weser Estuary (HIWEST) [Data set]. Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau. https://doi.org/10.48437/02.2020.K2.5200.0001
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