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Evaluation of effective parameters to describe wetting, adhesion and, sorption phenomena on biogeochemical interfaces

Nearly all processes in soils take place at biogeochemical interfaces. Until now, specific interfacial parameters which are able to link the chemical surface structure with physical interactions in the liquid phase (wettability, sorption) are still missing. Our hypothesis is that thermodynamically defined surface parameters like the contact angle and surface free energy components (dispersive and acid-base components) may be appropriate as effective parameters, complementary to soil properties like pH, texture or cation exchange capacity. To relate effective parameters to chemical structure, the contact angle relevant interphase will be analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Knowledge of effective parameters should allow to detect relevant modifications of the interfaces or to explain interactions between surfaces and pore water (liquid penetration dynamics), solutes (pesticides) or dispersed particles (colloids). We will apply a thermodynamically-based concept to quantify the transition from hydrophilic to hydrophobic wetting systems. The significance of this transition i.e. on pore liquid distribution and geometry (film thickness and fragmentation), will be analyzed with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Modification of natural and model soils by chemical treatment and cation exchange will ensure a wide range of parameter variation.

Isotopenspezifisches Monitoring des H2O-, CO2- und N2O-Austauschs zwischen Atmosphäre und Ökosystem, Teilprojekt 2: Bestimmung der Isotopologenflüsse an einem Waldstandort

Geochemical parameters in peat depth profiles from ombrotrophic bogs in North and Central Europe. Fochteloër Veen, the Netherlands

This dataset contains geochemical variables measured in six depth profiles from ombrotrophic peatlands in North and Central Europe. Peat cores were taken during the spring and summer of 2022 from Amtsvenn (AV1), Germany; Drebbersches Moor (DM1), Germany; Fochteloër Veen (FV1), the Netherlands; Bagno Kusowo (KR1), Poland; Pichlmaier Moor (PI1), Austria and Pürgschachen Moor (PM1), Austria. The cores AV1, DM1 and KR1 were taken using a Wardenaar sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands) and had diameter of 10 cm. The cores FV1, PM1 and PI1 had an 8 cm diameter and were obtained using an Instorf sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands). The cores FV1, DM1 and KR1 were 100 cm, core AV1 was 95 cm, core PI1 was 85 cm and core PM1 was 200 cm. The cores were subsampeled in 1 cm (AV1, DM1, KR1, FV1) and 2 cm (PI1, PM1) sections. The subsamples were milled after freeze drying in a ballmill using tungen carbide accesoires. X-Ray Fluorescence (WD-XRF; ZSX Primus II, Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan) was used to determine Al (μg g-1), As (μg g-1), Ba (μg g-1), Br (μg g-1), Ca (g g-1), Cl (μg g-1), Cr (μg g-1), Cu (μg g-1), Fe (g g-1), K (g g-1), Mg (μg g-1), Mn (μg g-1), Na (μg g-1), P (μg g-1), Pb (μg g-1), Rb (μg g-1), S (μg g-1), Si (μg g-1), Sr (μg g-1), Ti (μg g-1) and Zn (μg g-1). These data were processed and calibrated using the iloekxrf package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024) in R. C, N and their stable isotopes were determined using an elemental analyser linked to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA-3000, Eurovector, Pavia, Italy & Nu Horizon, Nu Instruments, Wrexham, UK). C and N were given in units g g-1 and stable isotopes were given as δ13C and δ15N for stable isotopes of C and N, respectively. Raw data C, N and stable isotope data were calibrated with certified standard and blank effects were corrected with the ilokeirms package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024). Using Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-MIR) (Agilent Cary 670 FTIR spectromter, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, Ca, USA) humification indices (HI) were determined. Spectra were recorded from 600 cm-1 to 4000 cm-1 with a resolution of 2 cm-1 and baselines corrected with the ir package (Teickner, 2025) to estimate relative peack heights. The HI (no unit) for each sample was calculated by taking the ratio of intensities at 1630 cm-1 to the intensities at 1090 cm-1. Bulk densities (g cm-3) were estimated from FT-MIR data (Teickner et al., in preparation).

Geochemical parameters in peat depth profiles from ombrotrophic bogs in North and Central Europe. Pichlmaier Moor, Austria

This dataset contains geochemical variables measured in six depth profiles from ombrotrophic peatlands in North and Central Europe. Peat cores were taken during the spring and summer of 2022 from Amtsvenn (AV1), Germany; Drebbersches Moor (DM1), Germany; Fochteloër Veen (FV1), the Netherlands; Bagno Kusowo (KR1), Poland; Pichlmaier Moor (PI1), Austria and Pürgschachen Moor (PM1), Austria. The cores AV1, DM1 and KR1 were taken using a Wardenaar sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands) and had diameter of 10 cm. The cores FV1, PM1 and PI1 had an 8 cm diameter and were obtained using an Instorf sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands). The cores FV1, DM1 and KR1 were 100 cm, core AV1 was 95 cm, core PI1 was 85 cm and core PM1 was 200 cm. The cores were subsampeled in 1 cm (AV1, DM1, KR1, FV1) and 2 cm (PI1, PM1) sections. The subsamples were milled after freeze drying in a ballmill using tungen carbide accesoires. X-Ray Fluorescence (WD-XRF; ZSX Primus II, Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan) was used to determine Al (μg g-1), As (μg g-1), Ba (μg g-1), Br (μg g-1), Ca (g g-1), Cl (μg g-1), Cr (μg g-1), Cu (μg g-1), Fe (g g-1), K (g g-1), Mg (μg g-1), Mn (μg g-1), Na (μg g-1), P (μg g-1), Pb (μg g-1), Rb (μg g-1), S (μg g-1), Si (μg g-1), Sr (μg g-1), Ti (μg g-1) and Zn (μg g-1). These data were processed and calibrated using the iloekxrf package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024) in R. C, N and their stable isotopes were determined using an elemental analyser linked to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA-3000, Eurovector, Pavia, Italy & Nu Horizon, Nu Instruments, Wrexham, UK). C and N were given in units g g-1 and stable isotopes were given as δ13C and δ15N for stable isotopes of C and N, respectively. Raw data C, N and stable isotope data were calibrated with certified standard and blank effects were corrected with the ilokeirms package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024). Using Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-MIR) (Agilent Cary 670 FTIR spectromter, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, Ca, USA) humification indices (HI) were determined. Spectra were recorded from 600 cm-1 to 4000 cm-1 with a resolution of 2 cm-1 and baselines corrected with the ir package (Teickner, 2025) to estimate relative peack heights. The HI (no unit) for each sample was calculated by taking the ratio of intensities at 1630 cm-1 to the intensities at 1090 cm-1. Bulk densities (g cm-3) were estimated from FT-MIR data (Teickner et al., in preparation).

Aircraft measurements of single particle chemical composition over the Southern Baltic Sea during the BALTIC'15 campaign in 2015

During the BALTIC'15 campaign in August 2015 over the Southern Baltic Sea, measurements of chemical composition and vacuum-aerodynamic diameter of individual aerosol particles were conducted by the Aircraft-based laser ablation aerosol mass spectrometer (ALABAMA) operated by the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (Particle Chemistry Department). Measurements were performed on board the Alfred Wegener Institute research aircraft Polar 5. Four research flights were conducted: - Scientific flight 1 (SF1) on August 26, 2015 - Scientific flight 2 (SF2) on August 28, 2015 - Scientific flight 3 (SF3) on August 28, 2015 - Scientific flight 5 (SF4) on August 30, 2015. The data set contains sampling time, location, identified particle types, and particle size (if available). For detailed information on data processing and particle type characterization, please refer to the publication by Zanatta et al. (2019) or contact the authors: Franziska Köllner (f.koellner@mpic.de) and Johannes Schneider (Johannes.schneider@mpic.de).

LA-ICP-MS data (Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Mn/Ca) of foraminifera from controlled growth experiments

LA-ICP-MS data from three different experiments including five foraminiferal species: Ammonia confertitesta (Bourgenuf, France), Bulimina marginata, Cassidulina laevigata (Gullmard Fjord, Sweden), Amphistegina lessonii and Operculina ammonoides (Eilat, Israel). Foraminifera were cultured at different oxygen concentrations (30% and 100% oxygen saturation). Element to calcium ratio (E/Ca) and partition coefficients (D) of Mg, Mn and Sr are noted for individual laser ablation measurements per specimen.

Digital terrain model of the watercourse estuary Elbe 2022 (DGM-W 2022) | model data

The digital terrain model of waterways for the estuary of river Elbe (DGM-W 2022) in high resolution based on airborne laser scanning and echo sounder data is produced and published by the German Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration (Wasserstraßen- und Schifffahrtsverwaltung des Bundes, WSV). The data includes the Outer Elbe and the tidally influenced tributaries and branches of the Elbe estuary upstream to the town Geesthacht. The data is available in a raster resolution of 1 meter. Coordinate reference system: EPSG 25852, ETRS89 / UTM Zone 32N Elevation reference system: DHHN2016, NHN Survey methods: Airborne laser scanning (ALS) 02.04.2022 - 19.04.2022 Multibeam echo sounder, single beam echo sounder 09.02.2017 - 09.04.2023 It is strongly recommended to use the data source map for quality assessment.

INSPIRE: German Borehole Locations - Baden-Württemberg (GBL)

The GBL (INSPIRE) represents mechanically drilled boreholes approved by the State Geological Surveys of Germany (SGS). Most of the drilling data were not collected by the SGS, but were transmitted to SGS by third parties in accordance with legal requirements. Therefore, the SGS can accept no responsibility for the accuracy of the information. According to the Data Specification on Geology (D2.8.II.4_v3.0) the boreholes of each federal state are stored in one INSPIRE-compliant GML file. The GML file together with a Readme.txt file is provided in ZIP format (e.g. GBL-INSPIRE_Lower_Saxony.zip). The Readme.txt file (German/English) contains detailed information on the GML file content. Data transformation was proceeded by using the INSPIRE Solution Pack for FME according to the INSPIRE requirements.

CO2- und kreislaufoptimierte additive Produktdesigns und LPBF-Fertigungsprozesse für ressourceneffiziente Nutzfahrzeugkomponenten, Teilvorhaben: Realisierung von additiv gefertigten Bus-Komponenten für R-Strategien

Das Projekt 'COOPERATE' zielt darauf ab, die Energie- und Umweltkosten additiv gefertigter, metallischer Bauteile für Nutzfahrzeuge, insbesondere Stadt- und Reisebusse (z.B. eCitaro), zu minimieren und die Ressourceneffizienz durch Leichtbau und Kreislaufstrategien (R-Strategien) zu steigern. Es wird erwartet, dass im Rahmen des Projekts etwa 100 kg Gewicht pro Bus eingespart werden, was in der Nutzungsphase eine Energieeinsparung von 2.100 kWh pro Bus bedeutet. In der Herstellungsphase liegt das Energieeinsparpotenzial mit den verwenden Verfahren pro Bus bei ca. 13.500 kWh. Diese Einsparungen sollen durch Leichtbaudesigns, prädiktive Lebenszyklusanalysen und Prozessoptimierungen für R-Strategien erreicht werden. Im Nutzfahrzeugbereich sind Leichtbau-Ansätze ('Reduce'-Strategie) aufgrund der Elektrifizierung besonders wichtig, um die Antriebsenergie zu reduzieren. Die langlebigen Fahrzeuge bergen Potenziale für R-Strategien wie 'Repair' und 'Remanufacturing', um den Einsatz von Primärrohstoffen zu minimieren. Die prädiktive Lebenszyklusanalyse (LCA) spielt dabei eine zentrale Rolle, da 80 % der ökologischen Kosten während der Produktentwicklung bestimmt werden. Das Projekt setzt auf zwei Standorte, um additive Prozessketten mit dem Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF)-Verfahren und Sensorik zur bauteilspezifischen Messung von Energie- und Materialverbräuchen abzubilden. Im Rahmen des Projektes werden ca. 25 Bauteile untersucht und fünf davon umfassend ökologisch und ökonomisch bilanziert. Folgende Themenbereiche werden adressiert: (1) R-Strategien im Produktdesign, um den Materialeinsatz zu reduzieren, (2) die Anwendung und Optimierung von AM-Bauteilen in der Nutzungsphase und (3) die Bewertung von End-of-Life-Szenarien und R-Strategien hinsichtlich ihrer ökologischen und ökonomischen Vorteile.

Laboratory Investigation of Fracture Behavior and Roughness Evolution in Simulated Hydraulic Shear Stimulation for Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS)

Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) utilize artificially induced fracture networks to enable fluid circulation and heat extraction from high-temperature, low-permeability geological formations. Unlike conventional hydraulic fracturing in the hydrocarbon industry—which commonly employs proppants to keep fractures open—EGS stimulation primarily relies on hydraulic shear stimulation. This technique leverages the self-propping behavior of pre-existing fractures, eliminating the need for proppants. To replicate hydraulic shear stimulation in a controlled laboratory setting, we conducted shear-flow experiments on various fracture types, including shear fractures, tensile fractures, and saw-cut fractures. Most previous studies have focused on tensile and saw-cut fractures, typically treating them as idealized representations of smooth or rough fracture surfaces. However, shear fractures—due to their naturally formed characteristics—offer a more realistic simulation of in-situ conditions and better represent pre-existing fractures in the field. To evaluate fracture surface roughness, we employed a 3D laser scanner. The digitized surface data, captured both before and after the shear-flow tests, were recorded in .CSV files for subsequent analysis.

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