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Data collection on fractures, sinkholes and morphology of Mount Thorbjörn during the 2023-2024 volcanic unrest, Iceland

This dataset documents surface deformation and fracture evolution on Mount Thorbjörn during the 2023 - 2024 volcano-tectonic unrest in the Svartsengi volcanic system on the Reykjanes Peninsula (SW Iceland). The data consist of four cm-resolution orthophotos and digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from four drone photogrammetric surveys conducted on 23 July 2022, 18 November 2023, 25 April 2024 and 20 August 2024. The drone images were processed using Agisoft Metashape software to generate products for structural mapping and temporal comparison. The drone data evidences fracture reactivation processes and associated new surface fractures and sinkholes. The dataset includes maps of these structures, carried out using QGIS, and describes their temporal evolution. A full description of the data can be found in the file description.

A database of centrifuge analogue models testing the influence of inherited brittle fabrics on continental rifting

This dataset presents the raw data of an experimental series of analogue models performed to investigate the influence of inherited brittle fabrics on narrow continental rifting. This model series was performed to test the influence of brittle pre-existing fabrics on the rifting deformation by cutting the brittle layer at different orientations with respect to the extension direction. An overview of the experimental series is shown in Table 1. In this dataset we provide four different types of data, that can serve as supporting material and for further analysis: 1) The top-view photos, taken at different steps and showing the deformation process of each model; they can be used to interpret the geometrical characteristics of rift-related faults; 2) Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) used to reconstruct the 3D deformation of the performed analogue models, allowing for quantitative analysis of the fault pattern. 3) Short movies built from top-view photos which help to visualize the evolution of model deformation; 4) line-drawing of fault and fracture patters to be used for fault statistical quantification. Further details on the modelling strategy and setup can be found in Corti (2012), Maestrelli et al. (2020), Molnar et al. (2020), Philippon et al. (2015), Zwaan et al. (2021) and in the publication associated with this dataset. Materials used for these analogue models were described in Montanari et al. (2017) Del Ventisette et al. (2019) and Zwaan et al. (2020).

Balanced cross sections along the Giudicarie Belt (Southern Alps, Northern Italy) in 3-D Move

Neogene indentation of the Adriatic plate into Europe led to major modifications of the Alpine orogenic structures and style of deformation in the Eastern Alps. Especially, the offset of the Periadriatic Fault by the Northern Giudicarie Fault marks the initiation of strike-slip faulting and lateral extrusion of the Eastern Alps. Questions remain on the exact role of this fault zone in changes of the Alpine orogen at depth. This necessitates quantitative analysis of the shortening, kinematics and depth of decoupling underneath the Northern Giudicarie Fault and associated fold-and thrust belt in the Southern Alps. Tectonic balancing of a network of seven cross sections through the Giudicarie Belt parallel to the local shortening direction reveals that it comprises two kinematic domains with different amounts and partly overlapping ages of shortening. This data publication provides the cross sections that were not shown within Verwater et al. (2021, submitted to Solid Earth) (see figure A1.1 for section traces) but show lateral variations in shortening in present-day cross-sections across the study area (section A1.1). Cross sections 1, 5 and 6, which are discussed within the manuscript, will be described in more detail within section A1.2 (cross section 1), A1.3 (cross section 5) and A1.4 (cross section 6). In addition, the approach used for forward modelling in Move will be shown within section A2, as well as alternative kinematic scenarios that were tested for Cross sections 6. Section B describes the methods and datasets used for obtaining the location and depth of seismicity plotted along cross sections 1, 5 and 6 in Verwater et al. (submitted).

Physical and geochemical data on a drill core from the semi-arid Coastal Cordillera, Chile

This dataset contains petrophysical, geochemical, and mineralogical data from a drilling core from the Coastal Cordillera, Chile. The drilling campaign in the semi-arid field site Reserve Santa Gracia was conducted in the framework of the “EarthShape” project (DFG SPP1803) to study deep weathering along a climate gradient. Previous studies in this area found that the weathering front is located much deeper than expected (Oeser et al., 2018). To explore the weathering profile and the depth of the weathering front, we performed various geochemical, petrophysical, and mineralogical analyses. The drilling campaign was conducted in March and April 2019, using the wireline drilling method with a standard industry truck-mounted PQ3-sized (85 mm core diameter, 123 mm hole diameter) rotary drilling rig (Sondajes Araos E.I.R.L.). A detailed description of the drilling activities is given in Krone et al. (2021). The retrieved core runs with a maximum length of 1.5 m were drilled using potable water, with added contamination control tracer for further microbiological analyses of the rock. As basis for our detailed study of deep weathering we determined the porosity, density, specific surface area, elemental composition, mineralogical composition, Fe oxidation, and the degree of weathering from chemical depletion, volumetric strain, and the weathering rate using the in situ cosmogenic nuclide beryllium-10 (10Be).

The Paleoseismic Database of Germany and Adjacent Regions PalSeisDB

Central Europe is an intraplate domain which is characterized by low to moderate seismicity with records of larger seismic events occurring in historical and recent times. These records of seismicity are restricted to just over one thousand years. This does not reflect the long seismic cycles in Central Europe which are expected to be in the order of tens of thousands of years. Therefore, we have developed a paleoseismic database (PalSeisDB) that documents the records of paleoseismic evidence (trenches, soft-sediment deformation, mass movements, etc.) and extends the earthquake record to at least one seismic cycle. It is intended to serve as one important basis for future seismic hazard assessments. In the compilation of PalSeisDB, paleoseismic evidence features are documented at 129 different locations in the area of Germany and adjacent regions. A brief explanation of the folder structure, file list and file contents included in the data publication of PalSeisDB is provided in the data description .A detailed explanation of the data collection, the content of the data files and the table headers is available (Hürtgen et al., 2020). A full list of source references for PalSeisDB is provided in Hürtgen (2017, Appendix 8.3, p. 128 ff) and also included in the zip folder here

Particle image correlation data from Foamquake: a novel seismotectonic analog model mimicking the megathrust seismic cycle

This dataset includes particle image correlation data from 26 experiments performed with Foamquake, a novel analog seismotectonic model reproducing the megathrust seismic cycle. The seismotectonic model has been monitored by the means of a high-resolution top-view monitoring camera. The dataset presented here represents the particle image velocimetry surface velocity field extracted during the experimental model through the cross-correlation between consecutive images. This dataset is supplementary to Mastella et al. (2021) where detailed descriptions of models and experimental results can be found.

Ground motion data simulated for various rupture scenarios of magnitude 6.0 earthquake in Southern California

This dataset is supplementary material to "Detection limits and near-field ground motions of fast and slow earthquakes" by G. Kwiatek and Y. Ben-Zion published in Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth.The dataset contains spatial variations of ground motions (peak ground velocities) expected from various rupture scenarios of magnitude M6 earthquake that occurs in Southern California area, United States. The performed calculations of ground motions are based on synthetic velocity seismograms calculated with Discrete Wavenumber Method assuming crustal seismic velocities and attenuation properties in Southern California. The selected rupture scenarios include slow- and fast propagating ruptures (varying rupture velocity), crack- and pulse-type rupture type (varying rise time) and different rupture directivities (circular-to-unilateral, circular-to-bilateral ruptures are considered). The dataset allows to reproduce Figures 7-8 and S3-S4 from the original manuscript.

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