Einrichtungen der Drogen- und Suchthilfe
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Web Map Service (WMS) zum Thema Einrichtungen der Drogen- und Suchthilfe in und um Hamburg. Zur genaueren Beschreibung der Daten und Datenverantwortung nutzen Sie bitte den Verweis zur Datensatzbeschreibung.
Processes and mechanisms of antagonistic coevolution The research I am proposing addresses basic aspects of the coevolution between hosts and their parasites. Many biological and medical phenomena have been explained to be a consequence of reciprocal host-parasite coevolution. Some of these explanations require specific and rapid antagonistic coevolution to take place. Experimental coevolution of viruses in bacteria or cell cultures gave evidence for coevolution by selective sweeps, but we have little, and mostly indirect evidence for coevolution with plant and animal hosts. However, population genetic consideration suggests that rapid antagonistic coevolution in plant and animal host systems should be dominated by negative frequency dependent selection. In this proposal I ask for funds to carry out experiments with populations of the waterfleas Daphnia magna and its microparasites to deepen our understanding of the genetic processes and mechanisms of coevolution. D. magna reproduce sexually and clonally, the later with a generation time of only 10 days. Two parasites, the microsporidium, Octosporea bayeri, and the bacterium, Pasteuria ramosa, will be used in the experiments. I propose a project with 3 sub-projects to elucidate the mechanisms and patterns of host-parasite coevolution. Sub-Project A aims to find direct experimental evidence for rapid and specific coevolution with Daphnia and a microsporidian parasite under natural conditions. This will include time-shift cross-infection experiments using hosts and parasites stored at different times of the coevolution. Sub-Project B is about finding the infectivity genes in the bacterial parasite, Pasteuria. Sub-Project C proposes experiments to elucidate the mechanisms at work shaping the genetic epidemiology and coevolution of Pasteuria with its waterflea host. With my research I hope to establish a case study, which would provide urgently needed data to test assumptions and to estimate parameters for epidemiological and (co-)evolutionary models of infectious diseases. It would allow streamlining treatments against pests and parasites and to make more accurate predictions about infectious diseases evolution. It will further provide insight into natural phenomena, which are suggested to be a consequence of rapid antagonistic coevolution.
During the last decades, there was an important increase in the prevalence of allergies in most European countries. Pollen related allergy is an important disease, resulting in symptoms of hay fever and asthma in 10Prozent to 20Prozent of the population, with notable higher prevalence rates in some countries, and especially in young age groups. Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) pollen is known as the main and most dangerous allergen in the areas infested by this invasive species. This North-American plant is spreading all over Central, Eastern and Southern Europe since the 1960's from three main infested regions: Hungary, Lyon in France and the Po Valley in Italy. Monitoring airborne ragweed pollen has two main applications: - survey the spread of the plant and the effectiveness of the eradication measures, - provide physicians with necessary data for diagnosis, therapy and prevention of allergic diseases, and allergic persons with information in order to reduce the pollen exposure to a minimum. In all countries of Western Europe, pollen monitoring and forecasting is well developed and has proven to be useful for many groups, allergy sufferers, medical professionals and pharmaceutical companies. In contrast, many Eastern countries have very few pollen monitoring sites and no developed forecast models. This proposal will focus on the following points: - installing pollen monitoring sites in regions where they are lacking - providing complete aerobiological data for these sites to the medical community and the public - developing forecast models of ragweed airborne pollen presence and concentration for allergy prevention - allowing aerobiological survey of ragweed extension in the whole central Balkan region and then recommendation for ragweed eradication - integrate and share results and data above national borders The 2000 - 2003 SCOPES project 'Forecasting of the main allergenic pollen types in Albania and development of the monitoring network' has demonstrated the usefulness of such a network at a national level. Now, the present project focuses on the extension of the use of aerobiological data towards the survey of a dangerous health threatening plant species and the recommendations for preventive or eradication measures, and international collaboration. Existing forecast models need to be adapted to this particular region, and modified to be valid for a larger area. New models will be developed and tested. These models will integrate the pollen situation in the different participating countries and the neighboring ones. For the first time in Europe, pollen forecasting models will be cross-borders.
Wastewater reuse for irrigafion and artificial groundwater recharge is increasingly pracficed worldwide to improve the production of food and to alleviate water shortages. Pharmaceuticals, pathogens, and resistance determinants that are released into the environment together with the wastewater pose a potential risk to environmental and human health. Little is known, however, regarding the processes that control the disseminafion and accumulafion of wastewater-derived pharmaceuticals, pathogens, and resistance determinants in the environment. We propose to study transport, dissipation, and accumulafion of anfibiofic pharmaceuficals in different environmental compartments of the Mexico City/Mezquital Valley wastewater irrigation sytem in relation to the disseminafion of pathogens and antibiofic resistance with a consortium of environmental scientists, microbiologists, and medical scientists. The collaboration between Mexican and German scienfist in this joint project brings together the experience of the participating german scienfists in the environmental behaviour of pharmaceuficals and resistance determinants and the knowledge of the Mexican scienfists on wastewater irrigafion and soil aquifer treatment, which offers a unique chance for studying the Mexico City/Mezquital Valley case as a model to explore processes governing the magnitude of environmental and health risks emerging from wastewater reuse.