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Ketzin ist eine Stadt westlich von Berlin im Land Brandenburg. In ihrer Nähe wurde seit 1960 Erdgas aus Sibirien in unterirdischen Sandsteinschichten zwischengelagert. Diese Erdgasspeicherung wurde vor kurzem eingestellt. Hier soll ein Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprojekt eingerichtet werden, bei dem das Treibhausgas Kohlendioxid (CO2 ) im Untergrund gelagert werden soll. Das Projekt wird vom GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam koordiniert und von der Europäischen Union mit 8.7 Millionen Euro gefördert. Das Projekt soll helfen, das wissenschaftliche Verständnis der geologischen Speicherung von CO2 weiter zu entwickeln und die im Untergrund ablaufenden Prozesse der CO2 Injektion praktisch zu erforschen. Zunächst werden geologisch-geophysikalisch-geochemische Voruntersuchungen des Standortes und des vorgesehenen Speicherhorizontes sowie eine umfassende Risikoabschätzung vorgenommen um sicherzustellen, dass die Speicherung auch gefahrlos durchgeführt werden kann. Die erforderlichen Bewilligungen des zuständigen Bergamtes, der örtlichen Gemeinde und das Einverständnis der betroffenen Anwohner müssen dazu eingeholt werden. Die künftige Nutzung des Geländes ist Teil eines behördlich bereits genehmigten Bebauungsplans, der auch andere Vorhaben zur Nutzung regenerativer Energie aus Wind, Sonne und Biomasse einschließt. Das CO2 SINK Projekt erlaubt die Weiterverwendung vorhandener Gasspeicher-Infrastrukturen. Geplant ist die unterirdische Injektion von jährlich mehreren 10,000 Tonnen an reinem CO2 für zunächst zwei bis drei Jahre. Das CO2 soll dabei vorwiegend aus regenerativen Biomasse-Energierohstoffen gewonnen werden. Dieses ermöglicht im Prinzip, CO2 aus der Atmosphäre zu entziehen und damit die Treibhausgaskonzentration zu verringern. Unterirdische Erdgasspeicher und geologische Speicher für CO2 in salinen Grundwasserleitern (Aquifere) haben zwei gemeinsame Merkmale: Sie bestehen aus Gestein mit großem Porenraum wie z.B. Sandstein, das von abdichtenden Tonschichten überdeckt ist. Im Untergrundspeicher Ketzin wurde das Erdgas in einer Sandsteinschicht zwischen 250 und 400 Meter Tiefe unter der Erde gelagert. Aus Erkundungsbohrungen und seismischen Messungen weiß man, dass es dort aber noch mindestens eine weitere gut geeignete Speicherschicht in größerer Tiefe gibt. Diese ist rund 80 Meter mächtig und liegt auf einer geologischen Kuppe, die sich bis ungefähr 600 Meter unter der Erdoberfläche aufwölbt. Die Sandsteinschicht fällt nach allen Seiten auf etwa 700 Meter ab und ist von abdichtenden Gips- und Tonschichten überlagert. Um den Untergrund und die bei der CO2 Speicherung darin ablaufenden Prozesse verstehen zu können, ist im Projekt CO2SINK eine umfassende Reihe von wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen geplant. Usw.
We propose to initialise a European Network for observations of molecular Hydrogen and to put in place a new and consistent calibration scale for molecular Hydrogen. The observational network will have 12 continuous measurements sites in Europe, 7 flask sampling sites in Europe and 6 global flask sampling sites. Concerning the European sites, a range of observation from clean air stations for measurements of atmospheric background to moderately polluted (e.g. urban outflow) and urban (i.e. polluted) sites was chosen. This will enable to improve the understanding of hydrogen in the global background atmosphere and of the impact of European emissions on the present day atmosphere, e.g. using local modelling techniques and radon flux calculations. We further propose to perform budget studies of molecular hydrogen (on a global and regional scale) and to study sinks and sources. Especially the important soil sink will be studied (mechanistically and experimentally). A first systematic study of isotopic composition of molecular hydrogen in the atmosphere is proposed, using observations from global and European flask sampling sites and global models, which hydrogen isotope fractionation processes will be incorporated. Global and regional models will be used to investigate the budget of atmospheric hydrogen, by comparing mixing ratios and isotope ratios between model and observations and by varying underlying model emission patterns. The Proposal further includes some studies to assess the impact of atmospheric hydrogen on the present day atmosphere, i.e. the influence on the oxidation capacity of the troposphere, the lifetimes of greenhouse gases like CH4 and on the stratospheric budgets of water vapour and ozone. Some exploratory studies will be carried out to investigate these impacts under changed atmospheric hydrogen levels, associated with the use of hydrogen as a carrier of economy.
Objective: Methane derived from solid biofuels is an important option for achieving the political goal for an increased use of alternative motor fuels. The biomass methanation has already been demonstrated on the small scale. And methane can easily be feed into the existing Natural Gas infrastructure, and can then be used with available technology, in particular within vehicle fleets. Although this option has been explicitly encouraged by the EC Directive 2003/55/EC so far no R&D-focus has been put on this. Thus, the objective of this project is it to realise and demonstrate the production of Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) from solid biofuels within an innovative, large scale gasification plant to be built in Austria and to applicate this motor fuel in energy efficient vehicles (WTW).
The objective of EFORWOOD is to develop a quantitative decision support tool for Sustainability Impact Assessment of the European Forestry-Wood Chain (FWC) and subsets thereof (e.g. regional), covering forestry, industrial manufacturing, consumption and recycling. The objective will be achieved by:a) defining economic, environmental and social sustainability indicators ,b) developing a tool for Sustainability Impact Assessment by integrating a set of models ,c) supplying the tool with real data, aggregated as needed and appropriate,d) testing the tool in a stepwise procedure allowing adjustments to be made according to the experiences gained,e) applying the tool to assess the sustainability of the present European FWC (and subsets thereof) as well the impacts of potential major changes based on scenarios,f) making the adapted versions of the tool available to stakeholder groupings (industrial, political and others).The multi-functionality of the FWC is taken into account by using indicators to assess the sustainability of production processes and by including in the analysis the various products and services of the FWC. Wide stakeholder consultations will be used throughout the process to reach the objective. EFORWOOD will contribute to EU policies connected to the FWC, especially to the Sustainable Development Strategy. It will provide policy-makers, forest owners, the related industries and other stakeholders with a tool to strengthen the forest-based sector's contribution towards a more sustainable Europe, thereby also improving its competitiveness. To achieve this, EFORWOOD gathers a consortium of highest-class experts, including the most representative forest-based sector confederations.EFORWOOD addresses with a high degree of relevance the objectives set out in the 3rd call for proposals addressing Thematic Sub-priority 1.1.6.3 Global Change and Ecosystems, topic V.2.1. Forestry/wood chain for Sustainable Development. Prime Contractor: Stiftelsen Skogsbrukets Forskningsinstitut, Skogforsk; Uppsala; Sweden.
Objective: Our project is centred around the development of thermally stable (up to 180-C) proton exchange membranes (PEM) for use as solid electrolytes in electrochemical devices, in particular hydrogen/oxygen (or air) fuel cells, but also electrolysers. Fuel cells need no justification as an advanced technology option to reduce the fossil fuel/nuclear energy demands needed to satisfy energy requirements over the coming decades. Adaptable to both stationary and mobile power generation, their use at higher temperatures leads to improved economy by enabling operation in combined heat/power mode, thereby supplying 'waste' heat for space heating or steam production. Use of fuel cells will lead to reduction in noise and in emissions of NOx, SOx, particulates etc., problems of particular concern to society and with clear associated public health and environment issues. In addition, polymer electrolyte membrane technology is also an option for the development of electrolyser-based oxygen concentrators supplying oxygen of high purity for medical use for patients requiring oxygen therapy.
General Information: Objectives of the project: The main goal of the proposed project is to prove the feasibility of a reversible electrolyser/fuel cell stack, including a metal hydride hydrogen storage unit. In this system the operation mode of a water electrolyser for hydrogen production and the operation mode of a fuel cell for regeneration of electricity are combined in one electrochemical cell. A metal hydride system stores the electrolytically produced hydrogen until the gas in consumed during the fuel cell mode. Additionally an experimental study on materials for oxygen storage will be performed. Technical approach: The reversible system includes two main devices, the fuel cell stack and the purification/storage unit. They will be developed separately and finally combined to a system, which will undergo the tests. The stack will consist of several polymer electrolyte cells connected in series. The number of cells and the active area of the electrodes are determined by the power required. Before the stack can be designed, a reversible single cell will be developed, including development and testing of the necessary cell materials and membrane/electrode-units. For low power reversible systems, a hydride storage unit is the best choice. But hydrides are damaged by humid gases. Therefore, a compact and high efficient gas drying concept has to be designed and tested. A suitable hydride will be selected and a storage unit will be adapted to the requirements of the reversible system. As an option, the storage of oxygen will be considered within an experimental study. Information on various materials will be collected and evaluated with respect to capacity, dynamic charge/discharge behaviour and cost. The oxygen storage unit must withstand the comparison with a fan for air supply of the oxygen electrode in the fuel cell mode. The improvement in performance of the fuel cell must cover the additional losses (auxiliaries, heat demand for oxygen release) for the oxygen storage system. Expected achievements: The most important technical achievements which will be realised in the course of the project are: - selection of catalysts and materials being suitable for electrolysis and fuel cell operation mode; - manufacturing and test of components and single cells; - design, construction and test of an energy conversion device in the low power range; - design, construction and test of a unit for hydrogen purification (drying); - construction and test of a hydride storage system in laboratory; - combination of the energy converter, the gas purification unit and the hydride tank to the complete, reversible system, realisation of a control system; - test of the reversible system.
Objective/Problems to be solved: The proper functioning of industrial equipment and provision of safe working environment require techniques to reduce the effects of earthquakes, wind and traffic-induced vibrations on structures. Present technologies applied - isolation and passive energy dissipation - have limitations. The aim of this project is the development of innovative systems for reducing the effects of seismic induced vibrations. Based on the performance needs of various types of structures and industrial plants, selected in the project, such innovative devices will be designed, manufactured and tested. Scientific objectives and approach: The objectives of the project are to develop: 1)semi-active vibration control system using hydraulic dampers based on magneto-rheological smart fluid; 2) floor isolation system operating in 3 directions; 3) 3D floor isolation system incorporating the semi-active dampers developed. Prototype devices will be developed, manufactured and widely tested also incorporated in mock-up structures. The project will consist in the following phases: - Definition of structures for the application of semi-active and passive devices, - Development of semi-active control system, - Numerical models of the devices, of the structures and mock-ups and dynamic analyses, - Characterisation tests of devices, structures and mock-ups, - Evaluation of technical and economical benefits, - User Manual (design procedures for the implementation of the semi-active control and for passive technologies). Expected impacts: The protection of transport infrastructure, industrial plants and strategic buildings from earthquake damage is of paramount importance, particularly to Southern areas of the European Union. Countries situated in earthquake-prone areas, for instance California (USA), Japan and New Zealand are actively engaged in the development of novel techniques and devices for the earthquake protection of structures. As a result of this project, the development of seismic devices will open the possibility of increased exports for manufacturers of both the devices and that of seismically protected sensitive equipment, while the structures provided with the innovative devices will suffer no significant earthquake damage. This possibility will result in: a) much greater safety in the event of an earthquake, b) less damage to the historical environment, c) avoidance of demolition and reconstruction after an earthquake, d) improved possibility of siting industrial work places close to housing.
General Information: The primary objective of the proposed project PSI: Priority Setting Initiative, is the development and first application of a framework analysis to support processes of energy RTD priority setting in the EU, relating possible RTD support to expected contributions to present EU policy objectives, taking into account possible synergies between national and EU programmes. This project intends to use updated JOULE PANEL and SENSER project results and combine them with quantitative results from energy modelling activities, to clarify the national energy RTD priorities in the EU member states and the possible synergies and benefits obtained from future EU-level RTD support. Updated SENSER results regarding national energy RTD activities, the market factors driving RTD and the methodologies used for technology characterisation, foresight, evaluation and monitoring will be utilised to develop the framework. Reviews carried out by national teams and consultation of representatives from industries and utility organisations will be used to confront the views with the visions of the different parties involved. The work content is divided into four principal areas: Area 1: Analysis of national energy RTD priorities, classification of RTD areas and assessment of RTD needs; Area 2: Application of priority setting methodologies for the evaluation of benefits; Area 3: Evaluation of market factors and socio-economic aspects, relevant for RTD measures; Area 4: Establishment of model inputs and review of modelling results. The PSI project will also lay a basis for a yearly cycle of updating and evaluation of possible EU energy policy measures and of energy RTD policy measures. Therefore, also a cooperation structure between the project team and the institutes involved in EU modelling activities will be established. Prime Contractor: Nederlands Organisatie voor Energie en Milieu, Department of International affairs, Energy Generation and Transport; Utrecht.
Objective: To achieve the tasks of Research Domain 1.10, the proposed project STEPS has the following overall objective:to develop, compare and assess possible scenarios for the transport system and energy supply of the future taking into account the state of the art of relevant research within and outside of the 6th RTD Framework and such criteria as the autonomy and security of energy supply, effects on the environment and economic, technical and industrial viability including the impact of potential cost internalisation and the interactions between transport and land use.To achieve this overall objective, STEPS has chosen a two-way approach. As the task description mentions research and assessment, modelling and forecasting activities on the one hand and co-ordination, comparison and dissemination activities on the other, the consortium has come up with a work plan consisting of two main activity 'lines': A Co-ordination activities (clustering meetings, dissemination, publications etc.); B Supporting research activities (scenario development, evaluation and assessment). These two lines of activities are closely related and constantly influencing each other. In all phases of the project,the interlinking of the two 'paths' will ensure a fruitful cross-fertilisation. Moreover, the chosen approach offers an added value to a project plan strictly confined to one of the two activities (research and co-ordination/dissemination).To achieve the project's goals, a well-balanced consortium of renowned research institutes, experienced in the fields of scenario-building and modelling, transport research and energy has been composed. Together with external experts, representatives of governments and other relevant authorities, market parties and transport and energy organisations, this consortium will make the possible consequences on the transport systems and energy supply of the future of the implementation of transport innovations, or the lack thereof, clear'.
MetaPV is the first project world-wide that will demonstrate the provision of electrical benefits from photovoltaics (PV) on a large scale. Additional benefits for active grid support from PV will be demonstrated at two sites: a residential/urban area of 128 households with 4 kWp each, and an industrial zone of 31 PV systems with 200 kWp each. The enhanced control capacities to be implemented into PV inverters and demonstrated are active voltage control, fault ride-through capability, autonomous grid operation, and interaction of distribution system control with PV systems. A detailed technical and economic assessment of the additional services from PV is carried out. The role of PV in an area fully supplied by renewable sources is to be assessed. The work covers 3 phases: - In the first phase, the demonstration is prepared for the specific demonstration zones. The PV side (inverter) and the network side will be both addressed. Small and large PV inverters for residential and industrial applications, which both can provide additional benefits for electrical network operation, will be developed. On the network side, adapted concepts for grid planning and operation of distribution networks with large amounts of PV generation will be developed. - In the second phase, based on the development and suggestions of phase one, two pilot demonstrations will be carried out and evaluated. The first one will demonstrate the active contribution of PV for increasing power quality and security of the system operation in a residential area. In the second one, security of power supply and autonomous operation will be demonstrated in an industrial zone. - The third phase covers communication with stakeholders that will take place from the beginning of the demonstration phase. The project results will be disseminated and communicated to the stakeholders, the scientific community and to the local public. The demonstration will allow for successful replication in other grids in Europe.
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