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Data and scripts from Neighbouring segments control on earthquake recurrence patterns: Insights from scaled seismotectonic models

We provide particle image correlation data from the 16 laboratory experiments with Foamquake seismotectonic model simulating analog megathrust seismic cycles and supporting scripts. To monitor analog seismic cycles, we use a high-resolution camera taking images at 50 frames per second as an analog of a geodetic satellite. We are using a trench orthogonal surface velocity time series extracted from the central points located above the seismic asperities using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) method. The scripts and datasets are provided as supplementary materials to the article "Neighbouring segments control on earthquake recurrence patterns: Insights from scaled seismotectonic models" by Latypova et al., 2025. The data originate from analog experiments using the Foamquake seismotectonic model, designed at the Laboratory of Experimental Tectonics (LET) at Roma Tre University to replicate megathrust seismic cycles. Observations were recorded with a high-resolution camera, and surface velocity fields were extracted using the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique, which applies cross-correlation between consecutive frames.

Digital image correlation data and orthophotos from lithospheric-scale analogue experiments of orthogonal extension followed by shortening

This dataset includes the results of 5 lithospheric-scale, brittle-ductile analogue experiments of extension and subsequent shortening performed at the Geodynamic Modelling Laboratory at Monash University (Melbourne, Australia). Here we investigated (1) the influence of the mechanical stratification of the model layers on rift basins during extension and (2) the influence of these basins on shortening-related structures. This dataset consists of images and movies that illustrate the evolution of topography (i.e., model surface height) and cumulative and incremental axial strain during the experiments. Topography and strain measures were obtained using digital image correlation (DIC) which was applied to sequential images of the model surface. This dataset also includes orthophotos (i.e., orthorectified images) of the model surface, overlain with fault traces and basins that were interpreted using QGIS. The experiments are described in detail in Samsu et al. (submitted to Solid Earth), to which this dataset is supplementary.

Surface displacement and strain data from laboratory subduction megathrust earthquake cycles

This data set is digital image correlation data, including surface displacement and strain data from laboratory subduction megathrust earthquake cycles. The data consists of grids of surface strain (elastic and permanent), trench-normal surface displacement, vorticity and divergence maps over analog seismic cycles, and time series of surface displacement. The data have been derived using a stereo camera setup and processed with LaVision Davis 10 software. Detailed descriptions of the experiments and results regarding the surface pattern of the strain can be found in Kosari et al. (2023), to which this data set is supplementary. We use three configurations to mimic the along-strike heterogeneous spatiotemporal distribution of frictional locking (Rosenau et al., 2019; Kosari et al., 2022b). A central patch separates two stick-slip zones as an aseismic barrier in all configurations. The frictional properties of the central patch vary as a velocity-strengthening (VS configuration), a velocity-neutral (VN), and a velocity-weakening (VW configuration). The VW zone generates smaller slip events with a higher frequency (i.e., recurrence interval) than the stick-slip zones. Four frictionally different materials have been emplaced on the interface: The sticky-rice as velocity-weakening material (a-b<0) resulting in stick-slip cycles simulating earthquake cycles, fine-grained sugar and rubber-sand mixture as velocity-strengthening (a-b>0) and velocity-neutral (a-b=0) material, and fine-grained salt as velocity-weakening material (a-b<0) (Kosari et al., 2023).

Particle image correlation data from Foamquake: a novel seismotectonic analog model mimicking the megathrust seismic cycle

This dataset includes particle image correlation data from 26 experiments performed with Foamquake, a novel analog seismotectonic model reproducing the megathrust seismic cycle. The seismotectonic model has been monitored by the means of a high-resolution top-view monitoring camera. The dataset presented here represents the particle image velocimetry surface velocity field extracted during the experimental model through the cross-correlation between consecutive images. This dataset is supplementary to Mastella et al. (2021) where detailed descriptions of models and experimental results can be found.

Supplementary material for analogue experiments on the interactions of two indenters, and their implications for curved fold-and-thrust-belts

This data publication includes animations and figures of eight scaled analogue models that are used to investigate the evolution of a curved mountain belt akin to the Pamir and Hindu Kush orogenic system and adjacent Tadjik basin. Crustal deformation is simulated by means of indentation of two basement blocks into a sedimentary sequence and the formation of a curved fold-and-thrust belt. The experimental set-up has two adjacent rigid indenters representing the basement blocks moving in parallel with a velocity difference (Figure 1). The slow indenter moves with a relative velocity ranging from 40 to 80% of that of the fast one. A layer of quartz sand in front of the indenters, 1 by 1 meter in size and 1.5 cm thick, represents the sedimentary basin infill. A basal detachment layer is made up of low-friction glass beads or viscous silicone oil representing weak shale or evaporates layers, respectively. The surface evolution by means of topography and strain distribution is derived from 3-D particle image velocimetry (PIV). This allows visualizing and analysing the development of the model surface during the complete model run at high spatio-temporal resolution. All details about the model set-up, modelling results and interpretation can be found in Reiter et al. (2011). The here provided additional material includes time-lapse movies showing the topographic evolution of the eight models. These visualizations are oblique views played back at 60-fold velocity for the “glass beads experiments” (gb40 to gb80) and 3600-fold velocity for the “silicone experiments” (si60, si-gb60). In addition to the experiment movies we provide a set of figures. The figures include surface views as well as cross-sections through the finite models highlighting the link between topography and internal structure of the simulated curved fold-and-thrust belts. Additionally, attribute maps of distinct morphometric measures (curvature, slope) and deformation parameters (uplift, horizontal translation) for the experiments with glass beads detachments are given. Finally, the movie “Experimenting.avi” shows in time-lapse the whole workflow of setting up, conducting and documenting an experiment, which originally required three days (for experiment si-gb60). An overview on the parameters used in the experimental series of the movie sequences is given in the explanatory file (Explanations_Reiter-et-al-2016.pdf). A full list of files is given in “list-of-files-Reiter-et-al-2016.pdf”.

FlexDi - Flexible direkteinspritzende Motoren für die Schifffahrt, Vorhaben: Numerische und optische Brennverfahrensentwicklung für flexible direkteinspritzende Motoren für die Schifffahrt

Im Rahmen des Projektes FlexDi sollen am Lehrstuhl für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen der Technischen Universität München kraftstoff-flexible Brennverfahren mit Ottokraftstoffen und Pilotzündung optisch und numerisch untersucht werden. Aus den Untersuchungen sollen Kenntnisse über die Interaktion von verschiedenen Kraftstoffen mit unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften im Verbrennungsablauf gewonnen werden. Ziel ist es, die auftretenden Mechanismen und Wechselwirkungen der Kraftstoffe zu erforschen. Bei den optischen Untersuchungen am Einzylinderforschungsmotor liegt der Fokus auf dem Einsatz von Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) zur Visualisierung der Ladungsbewegung und Highspeed Laser Induced Flourescence - Methoden (HS LIF) zur Nachverfolgung der Flammausbreitung. Die Verbrennung wird mithilfe von Highspeedaufnahmen untersucht. Mithilfe der gewonnen Daten sollen die mit 3D-CFD simulierten Motorprozesse validiert werden. Auf Basis der validierten Modelle sollen dann die jeweiligen Brennverfahren numerisch und experimentell weiter entwickelt und in Richtung hoher Effizienz und niedriger Emissionen konzipiert werden.

Supplement to: Sandbox Rheometry: Co-Evolution of Stress and Strain in Riedel- and Critical Wedge-Experiments

This dataset is supplementary to the article of Ritter et al. (2017). In this article, a new experimental device is presented that facilitates precise measurements of boundary forces and surface deformation at high temporal and spatial resolution. This supplementary dataset contains the measurement data from two experiments carried out in this new experimental device: one experiment of an accretionary critical wedge and one of Riedel-type strike-slip deformation. For a detailed description of the set-up and an analysis of the data, please see Ritter et al. (2017). The data available for either experiment are: • A video showing deformation in top view together with the evolution of boundary force. This file is in AVI-format. • A time-series of 2D vector fields describing the surface deformation. These vector fields were obtained from top-view video images of the respective experiment by means of digital image correlation (DIC). Each vector field is contained in a separate file; the files are consecutively numbered. The vector fields are stored in *.mat-files that can be opened using e.g. the software Matlab or the freely available GNU Octave. They take the form of Matlab structure arrays and are compatible to the PIVmat-toolbox by Moisy (2016) that is freely available. The most important fields of the structure are: x and y, that are vectors spanning a coordinate system, and vx and vy, which are arrays containing the actual vector components in x- and y-direction, respectively. • A file containing the measurements of the boundary force applied to drive deformation. This file is also a *.mat-file, containing a structure F with fields force, velocity and position. These fields are vectors describing the force applied by the indenter, the indenter velocity and the indenter position

Optgas - Vergleichende Untersuchungen an großtechnischen Biogasreaktoren - Verfahrenstechnische, mikrobiologische, ökologische und ökonomische Bewertung und Optimierung, Teilprojekt: Vergleichende Untersuchungen an großtechnischen Biogasreaktoren

Thema: Das Vorhaben beschäftigt sich mit der technologischen Optimierung der Vergärung von biogenen Reststoffen. Ziele: Das Verbundvorhaben zielt darauf ab, die Vergärung biogener Reststoffe unter dem Aspekt der Nachhaltigkeit technologisch zu optimieren und damit einen Beitrag zur Reduktion der Treibhausgasemissionen zu leisten. Eine verbesserte Prozesssteuerung und Fluiddynamik sowie die Entwicklung von Frühwarnsystemen gegen Prozessstörungen sind wesentliche Bestandteile des Verbundvorhabens. Die ökologische und ökonomische Bewertung der entwickelten Optimierungsansätze rundet die Forschungsarbeit ab. Maßnahmen: TU Berlin, Fakultät Prozesswissenschaften: Die TU Berlin, Fachbereich Verfahrenstechnik, analysiert und modelliert im Rahmen des Verbundvorhabens die Fluiddynamik in Biogasreaktoren. Die geplanten Maßnahmen sollen zur Optimierung der Vergärung von Rest- und Abfallstoffen beitragen. Zum Einen führt die Verbesserung der Rührtechnik zu einer erhöhten Raum-Zeit-Ausbeute. Zum Anderen trägt eine bessere Ausschöpfung von Restgaspotenzialen zu einer Verbesserung der CO2-Bilanz. Ein weiterer Fokus liegt auf der Untersuchung der komplexen Rheologie der Substrate, da sie für die Fluiddynamik essenziell ist. Zur Umsetzung der Maßnahmen werden Messungen an den Reaktoren durchgeführt, regelmäßig Proben des Fermenterinhaltes entnommen und anschließend rheologisch charakterisiert. Durch die Errichtung eines Modellbiogasreaktors wird zudem die systematische Simulation des Ist-Zustandes in einem Fermenter ermöglicht. Die Simulation soll fluiddynamische Defizite aufdecken und zur Optimierung der Vergärungsverfahren beitragen. TU Berlin, Fachgebiet Bodenkunde: Im Rahmen des Verbundvorhabens nimmt sich die TU Berlin, Fachgebiet Bodenkunde, der Aufgabe an, die wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen dafür zu schaffen, dass Nährstoffkreisläufe geschlossen, Schadstoffanreicherungen in Böden vermieden und die CO2-Bilanz bei der Biogasherstellung optimiert werden können. Hierfür werden die in verschiedenen Gärresten enthaltenen Nähr- und Schadstoffmengen quantifiziert und ihre Bioverfügbarkeit bestimmt. Außerdem sollen Zusammenhänge zwischen Gärsubstraten, Vergärungsprozessen und den Eigenschaften der Gärreste analysiert werden. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt der Maßnahmen ist, den Einfluss von Gärresten auf den C-Haushalt von Böden zu quantifizieren und die zugrunde liegenden Ursachen zu identifizieren. Schwerpunkte: TU Berlin, Fakultät Prozesswissenschaften - Fluiddynamische Untersuchungen - Rührtechnik. TU Berlin, Fachgebiet Bodenkunde - Nähr- und Schadstoffverfügbarkeit unterschiedlicher Gärreste sowie deren Wirkungen auf den Humushaushalt von Böden.

Teilprojekt: Validierung von Unterkanal- und CFD-Programmen anhand von Brennstab-Bündelversuchen (AP6), Teilprojekt: Darstellung von Siedevorgängen mittels PIV und Optischer-Kohärenz-Tomographie

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