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Multibeam bathymetry raw data (Kongsberg EM712 entire dataset) of RV MARIA S. MERIAN during cruise MSM99/2

Raw multibeam bathymetry data were collected aboard RV MARIA S. MERIAN during cruise MSM99/2 using a Kongsberg EM 712 multibeam echosounder. The expedition took place during 26.03.2021 - 04.04.2021 from Emden to Emden (Germany) in the North Sea. Data were recorded in the EEZ of Germany. The aim of MSM99/2 was to investigate the periodic emergence of pockmarks north of Helgoland in the German Bight, North Sea. Sound velocity profiles (SVP) were applied on the data for calibration. The data are unprocessed and can therefore contain incorrect depth measurements (artifacts) if not further processed. Note that refraction errors may occur when no proper SVP is applied. Please see the cruise report for details.

Porewater geochemistry of surface sediment of the German North Sea, recovered by mini corer during METEOR cruise MSM99/2 cruise (2021-03-26 - 2021-04-05)

Data set includes geochemical composition of porewater extracted from sediment of the North Sea (German EEZ). Respective sediment was retrieved during RV Maria S. Merian cruise MSM99/2 (Schmidt et al., 2021). Sediments were recovered by using gravity corer, mini-corer, and van Veen grab. Onboard measured parameter (Total alkalinity) and land-based laboratory analyses (Cl, Br, SO4, CH4, B, Mn, Ca, Fe, Na, Mg, Sr, Si, Ba, Li, K) are combined with porosity and water content data. The data is mainly used to evaluate the relevance of porewater chemistry on pockmark formation north of Helgoland (Böttner et al., 2024).

Porewater geochemistry of surface sediment of the German North Sea, recovered by gravity corer during METEOR cruise MSM99/2 cruise (2021-03-26 - 2021-04-05)

Data set includes geochemical composition of porewater extracted from sediment of the North Sea (German EEZ). Respective sediment was retrieved during RV Maria S. Merian cruise MSM99/2 (Schmidt et al., 2021). Sediments were recovered by using gravity corer, mini-corer, and van Veen grab. Onboard measured parameter (Total alkalinity) and land-based laboratory analyses (Cl, Br, SO4, CH4, B, Mn, Ca, Fe, Na, Mg, Sr, Si, Ba, Li, K) are combined with porosity and water content data. The data is mainly used to evaluate the relevance of porewater chemistry on pockmark formation north of Helgoland (Böttner et al., 2024).

Porewater geochemistry of surface sediment of the German North Sea, recovered by Van Veen Grab during METEOR cruise MSM99/2 cruise (2021-03-26 - 2021-04-05)

Data set includes geochemical composition of porewater extracted from sediment of the North Sea (German EEZ). Respective sediment was retrieved during RV Maria S. Merian cruise MSM99/2 (Schmidt et al., 2021). Sediments were recovered by using gravity corer, mini-corer, and van Veen grab. Onboard measured parameter (Total alkalinity) and land-based laboratory analyses (Cl, Br, SO4, CH4, B, Mn, Ca, Fe, Na, Mg, Sr, Si, Ba, Li, K) are combined with porosity and water content data. The data is mainly used to evaluate the relevance of porewater chemistry on pockmark formation north of Helgoland (Böttner et al., 2024).

Pockmark formation and methane emission in Lake Constance

In the preceding project, pockmarks in a freshwater environment (Lake Constance, Southern Germany) were studied in detail for the first time. The results of the first granting period revealed that a considerable area of the lake bottom near the entrance of the Alpine River Rhine is densely covered with pockmarks. These pockmarks with a diameter of up to 16 m are mostly located along ridges. Methane release was dominated by massive gas ebullition, which increased the methane concentrations in the water column substantially. Methane releases were highly variable in time and space. Isotopic analysis of the gas revealed a light and clearly biogenic signature. Based on the promising results of the first granting period, the following new topics will be investigated within the next granting period: (1) is the formation of pockmarks in Lake Constance only related to high input of organic matter and which time scales are relevant for pockmarks? (2) How does the methane flux and ebullition vary over time (e.g. seasonal cycle) and space? (3) Which role play methane-oxidizing bacteria in reducing the methane flux, and are they adapted to this specific environment? (4) Can the light methane-derived carbon be followed up in the benthic and pelagic food chains?

GUINECO-MeBo - Expedition zur Untersuchung der Bildungsprozesse und Entwicklung submariner Pockmark-Strukturen in Sedimenten des Niger Deltas

Im Rahmen des deutsch-französischen GUINECO-Projekts mit dem FS Pourquoi Pas? (05.11.- 08.12.2011) soll die Bildung und Entwicklung von Pockmarkstrukturen in Sedimenten des Nigerdeltas untersucht werden. Pockmarks sind Ausdruck von Fluid- und Gaszirkulationen, die in dem Bereich im Austausch mit Shale-Diapirismus des Untergrunds stehen. Da bisherige Untersuchungen auf oberflächennahe Strukturen beschränkt blieben, sind die Prozesse und Stadien ihrer Bildung wenig verstanden. Wir planen, mit 14 bis zu 60m tiefen MeBo-Bohrungen in einem Pockmarkfeld, das durch hochauflösende bathymetrische und 3D-seismische AUV-Vermessungen seitens der Industrie sehr gut charakterisiert wurde, verschiedene Stadien der Pockmarkbildung zu erfassen. Damit soll ein wesentlicher Beitrag zum geologischen Verständnis der Pockmarkentstehung geliefert werden. Um thermomechanische Modelle des Fluidflusses individueller Pockmarks zu etablieren, werden in dem beantragten Projekt zusätzlich geomechanische Untersuchungen mit Penfeld Penetrometer, sowie in situ-Messungen des Porendrucks und des Wärmestroms durchgeführt. Wir planen mit 14 bis zu 60m tiefen MeBo-Bohrungen in einem Pockmarkfeld, ferner sollen ein Penfeld Penetrometer eingesetzt sowie in situ-Messungen des Porendrucks und des Wärmestroms durchgeführt werden.

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