Das Projekt "The European aeroemissions network (AERONET)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., Institut für Antriebstechnik durchgeführt. One of the major problems that civil aeronautics will have to face over the next twenty or thirty years is to accommodate the predicted growth in demand of air transport without creating unacceptable adverse environmental effects. It is to be expected that new scientific results, increasing public concerns over the environment and future restrictive regulations with respect to aircraft emissions will force airline companies to take ecological considerations much more into account than it does at present. Consequently, for European aircraft manufacturers it is of high importance to react early and to guide their research and development resources into the most important and efficient direction. The aim of the AERONET project is to support coordination ' a postiori' of existing European and national projects or programmes dealing with the contribution of air traffic emissions to anthropogenic climate and atmospheric changes. For this purpose AERONET seeks to : - bring together experts from engine technology, atmospheric research and operations as well as programme responsible to exchange knowledge and opinions and to discuss necessary future actions on the basis of jointly defined goals and time scales, - produce competitive advantage for Europe through enhanced information echoing in the field of atmospheric effects of air traffic emissions, - strengthen a common European position in global technical and political discussions - support the Commission in identifying topics for the 5th Framework Programme, - identify gaps and help prepare a coordinated submission of proposals. European Dimension and Partnership: Europe is, beside the US, one of the two biggest aircraft manufacturers. One supposition for the economic success of European aircraft industry is not only to fulfill the existing regulations but, due to the long development times of 5-10 years and the long lifetimes of aircraft of more than 20 years, also to take the trend of future regulations development into account at a very early stage. This needs continuous and fast information exchange and discussions between atmospheric scientists, aircraft engineers and regulatory organisations. To be successful with an effort of this dimension, optimal coordination of national and European programmes in all three fields is required. Thus the network brings together representatives of all programmes and institutions concerned, helps to integrate activities through better information exchange, tries to identify the most urgent themes for R&D activities and intends to give recommendations for the Fifth Framework Programme. Potential Applications: Understanding the atmospheric impacts, the technical consequences and development perspectives, and the operational impacts as a whole is absolutely necessary to strengthen the European position in global regulatory committees on the on side and to gain competitive advantages for the European aircraft and airline industries on the other side. usw
Das Projekt "Tools for Sustainabiltity Impact Assessment of the Forestry- Wood Chain" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hamburg, Department für Biologie, Zentrum Holzwirtschaft des Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Ländliche Räume, Wald und Fischerei durchgeführt. The objective of EFORWOOD is to develop a quantitative decision support tool for Sustainability Impact Assessment of the European Forestry-Wood Chain (FWC) and subsets thereof (e.g. regional), covering forestry, industrial manufacturing, consumption and recycling. The objective will be achieved by:a) defining economic, environmental and social sustainability indicators ,b) developing a tool for Sustainability Impact Assessment by integrating a set of models ,c) supplying the tool with real data, aggregated as needed and appropriate,d) testing the tool in a stepwise procedure allowing adjustments to be made according to the experiences gained,e) applying the tool to assess the sustainability of the present European FWC (and subsets thereof) as well the impacts of potential major changes based on scenarios,f) making the adapted versions of the tool available to stakeholder groupings (industrial, political and others).The multi-functionality of the FWC is taken into account by using indicators to assess the sustainability of production processes and by including in the analysis the various products and services of the FWC. Wide stakeholder consultations will be used throughout the process to reach the objective. EFORWOOD will contribute to EU policies connected to the FWC, especially to the Sustainable Development Strategy. It will provide policy-makers, forest owners, the related industries and other stakeholders with a tool to strengthen the forest-based sector's contribution towards a more sustainable Europe, thereby also improving its competitiveness. To achieve this, EFORWOOD gathers a consortium of highest-class experts, including the most representative forest-based sector confederations.EFORWOOD addresses with a high degree of relevance the objectives set out in the 3rd call for proposals addressing Thematic Sub-priority 1.1.6.3 Global Change and Ecosystems, topic V.2.1. Forestry/wood chain for Sustainable Development. Prime Contractor: Stiftelsen Skogsbrukets Forskningsinstitut, Skogforsk; Uppsala; Sweden.
Das Projekt "ORKESTRA - Lean Gas Destruction from SWDS and JI Methodology" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von GFA Envest GmbH durchgeführt. It is aimed to convert methane emissions from closed landfills to less harmful carbon dioxide emissions through in-site aeration and the thermal treatment of the outgoing lean gas therewith contributing to mitigating climate change induced by landfill emissions. Landfill emissions are a major source of global greenhouse gas emissions. The oxidation of methane emissions to carbon dioxide emissions could be registered as JI-project under the Kyoto-Protocol and be awarded marketable emission reduction units (ERUs). Through this income source the activity could become economically attractive. In order to be eligible as JI-project the JI-status has to be sought officially according to UNFCCC regulations. This shall be done in the framework of the so-called programmatic CDM approach allowing for summarising an infinite number of single project sites. The services included: 'Baseline Study for JI-projects with the development of a PDD; Proposition of a 'New baseline and monitoring methodology under JI for the aeration and thermal treatment of lean gas from landfills; Development as 'Programme of Activities' under JI; Development of a metering programme; Implementation and assistance of the operation of a plant at selected landfills; Support the registration at the German JI Focal Point; Support the determination as precondition for requesting registration as JI-activity; Publicity: presentation of the project concept to interested parties in Germany and seeking political support; Integration into the existing emission trading system in Europe;
Das Projekt "G 1.1: Assessment of Innovations and Sustainable Strategies" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Landwirtschaftliche Betriebslehre durchgeführt. Farm households, whose living standard largely depend on the successful management of natural resources, have a low per capita income and are in danger of further impoverishment due to unsustainable resource management. Investigations in the first phase confirmed the hypothesis. A great number of farms were analyzed and clustered in representative types in both countries. Sustainability was measured using a sustainability index, which indicates tremendous environmental effects and variation between individual farms and ethnic groups.Sub-project G1.1 will follow three major tasks. The first is to evaluate sustainability strategies on the farm and farming system level, as it was done in the previous phase, but on the basis of a significantly extended data base. The second is to aggregate farm household data to the regional level. For this, a comparative-static approach is chosen. The third is to develop a multi-agent-based simulation model. Multi-agent simulation models (MAS) as well as GIS-tools are gaining increasing importance as tools for simulating future agriculture resource use, since they allow the integration of a wide range of different stakeholder's perceptions. It becomes possible to simulate the dynamic effects of changing land use patterns, environmental policy options, and technical innovation together with environmental constraints and structural change issues. The MAS approach is used to model heterogeneous farm-household and political decision makers perspectives by capturing their socio-economic, environmental, and spatial interactions explicitly. The integration of economic and spatial processes facilitates the consideration of feedback effects and the efficient use of scarce land resources. The simulation runs of the model will be carried out with a socio-economic and GIS data set, which is provided by the previous project phase in the attempt to generate effective ways of land use resource management. Land use efficiency is strongly influenced by the overall land allocation policy analyzed in project F1. Therefore, this is an important area further integrated research using MAS in combination with GIS as modeling tools.To achieve a continuous integration of results in the best possible way, a computer-based discussion/communication platform is developed. This serves as the conceptual basis for the development of the final multi-agent simulation model. Results of the discussion/communication platform and the agent-based simulation model will continuously be passed on to downstream sub-projects to be integrated into the ongoing research activities.
Das Projekt "Potentials and constraints of the link of agriculture and ecological sanitation" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg, Institut für Abwasserwirtschaft und Gewässerschutz B-2 durchgeführt. By 2020, the number of people living in developing countries will grow from 4.9 billion to 6.8 billion. Ninety percent of this increase will be in rapidly expanding cities and towns. More than half the population of Africa and Asia will live in urban areas by 2020. Growth in urban poverty, food insecurity, and malnutrition and a shift in their concentration from rural to urban areas will accompany urbanization. Severe environmental degradation and hygienic problems caused by the lack of infrastructure are additional problems. The linking of urban and peri-urban agriculture and ecological sanitation could play an important role for the solution of the mentioned problems. Agriculture within city limits, socalled urban agriculture, became a survival strategy for many poor families in the last decades. These families would not be able to secure their nutrition without urban agriculture. This form of agriculture can be a vehicle to increase food security and health, to generate economic opportunities for people with low income, and to promote recycling of waste and waste water. The philosophy of ecosan is based on the consequent implementation of the closing the loops approach (Nutrient Cycling). Urine and faeces are regarded as resources rather than waste. If collected separately they could easily used as fertilizer respectively as soil conditioner. The objective of the research is to evaluate the potentials and constraints of the link of urban and peri-urban agriculture and ecological sanitation, in short UPA-Ecosan-Concept. The UPA-Ecosan-Concept enables sustainable resource management, prevention of environmental degradation through urban agriculture, an increase in soil fertility and therefore higher yields. The challenge is to prove this theoretical statement scientifically. It has to be evaluated, if an UPA-Ecosan concept fulfils the requirements of a system, which is safe, easy to maintain, and transferable to local conditions. However, such a system has to be as effective as possible with respect to nutrient recycling, sanitation and public health. A vital part of the studies will be the investigation of the safe reuse of faeces and urine and the social acceptability of re-circulation of human-derived nutrients. The results should lead to a catalogue of appropriate methods and technologies on which a sustainable UPA-Ecosan concept can be based. Such a catalogue is imperative for the development of clear political guidelines, which should allow an effective integration of urban and peri-urban agriculture and ecological sanitation in existing urban economies. As a final result, the catalogue should address the challenge of rapid urbanisation and corresponding growth of food insecurity and sanitation deficits of the urban poor.
Das Projekt "Teilvorhaben: Technologie und Stadt" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Politikwissenschaft durchgeführt. Das interdisziplinäre Forschungszentrum untersucht historische und gegenwärtige Transformationen politischer Gewalt mit Fokus auf drei Themen: (1) den Formenwandel politischer Gewalt, (2) Veränderungen ihrer institutionellen Einhegung und (3) den Wandel ihrer Deutungen. Weitere Arbeitsbereiche widmen sich methodischen und theoretischen Synergien, dem Wissenstransfer und der Koordination des regionalen Vorhabens. Übergreifendes Ziel ist es, die Konsequenzen des Wandels politischer Gewalt für den innergesellschaftlichen und internationalen Frieden zu identifizieren und Strategien zur Eindämmung politischer Gewalt unter den sich verändernden Bedingungen zu entwickeln. Die beteiligten Partnerinstitutionen intensivieren mit dem Vorhaben ihre bestehende Zusammenarbeit und bündeln die breite Expertise in der Friedens- und Konfliktforschung in Hessen. Mit Fokus auf politische Gewalt wird die an den Standorten vorhandene qualitative und quantitative methodische Expertise ausgebaut. Mit 'Transformations of Political Violence' schaffen sie ein regionales Kompetenzzentrum für Forschung, Lehre und Wissenstransfer, das international sichtbar ist und systematisch zur Einhegung und Prävention politischer Gewalt beiträgt. Das Teilvorhaben der TU Darmstadt ist für die Koordination der AP 1.2. sowie AP 3.3. zuständig und organisiert eine Jahreskonferenz, zwei Workshops sowie eine Ringvorlesung. Zudem beteiligen sich die PIs und Mitarbeiter*innen der TU Darmstadt an den Transferveranstaltungen und den weiteren inhaltlichen Workshops, Jahreskonferenzen etc. Inhaltlich fokussiert das Team der TU Darmstadt auf neue Formen der Gewalt, welche durch technologischen Wandel - insbesondere im Kontext von Umweltkonflikten - hervorgerufen werden. Darüber hinaus analysiert das Team den Wandel städtischer Gewalt- und Protestpraktiken sowie die Formen der Einhegung, Tradierung und Interpretation/ Erinnerung.
Das Projekt "IWaTec - Integrated Water Technologies" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Duisburg-Essen, Zentrum für Wasser- und Umweltforschung durchgeführt. Egypt passed a revolution and changed its political system, but many problems are still lacking a solution. Especially in the field of water the North African country has to face many challenges. Most urgent are strategies to manage the limited water resources. About 80% of the available water resources are consumed for agriculture and the rest are for domestic and industrial activities. The management of these resources is inefficient and a huge amount of fresh water is discarded. The shortage of water supply will definitely influence the economic and cultural development of Egypt. In 2010, Egypt was ranked number 8 out of 165 nations reviewed in the so-called Water Security Risk Index published by Maplecroft. The ranking of each country in the index depends mainly on four key factors, i.e. access to improved drinking water and sanitation, the availability of renewable water and the reliance on external supplies, the relationship between available water and supply demands, and the water dependency of each countrys economy. Based on this study, the situation of water in Egypt was identified as extremely risky. A number of programs and developed strategies aiming to efficiently manage the usage of water resources have been carried out in the last few years by the Egyptian Government. But all these activities, however, require the availability of trained and well-educated individuals in water technology fields. Unfortunately, the number of water science graduates are decreasing and also there are few teaching and training courses for water science offered in Egypt. However, there is still a demand for several well-structured and international programs to fill the gap and provide the Egyptian fresh graduates with the adequate and up-to-date theoretical and practical knowledge available for water technology. IWaTec is designed to fill parts of this gap.
Das Projekt "Study about the potential of straw for energy generation in Ukraine" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von GFA Envest GmbH durchgeführt. Since January 2009 the German Agency for Renewable resources (FNR) is implementing a cooperation project with Ukraine and Russia with the aim to improve the use of renewable resources for energy generation in these two countries. Ukraine possesses a significant potential for renewable resource, especially in the agricultural sector where the agricultural waste such as straw with high energetic value is not used. The study has the aim to estimate the potential for the use of straw for energy generation in Ukraine. Furthermore, technical and economical aspects for applying different technologies for energy generation from straw are compared. The financial feasibility of different technologies is compared taking into account the possibilities of investments co-financing via the sale of emission reductions (via JI or GIS mechanisms). The goal of the study is to evaluate and rank technical alternatives for the energy generation from straw in Ukraine and provide recommendations for further development of renewable energy generation in agricultural sector in Ukraine. The study is divided into four sections: Assessment of the general conditions for the use of straw as energy generation in Ukraine: Analysis of the energy sector in Ukraine; Generation potential in Ukraine regarding quantity and transportability etc.; Analysis of the legal and political framework. Evaluation of the technical possibilities: Pyrolysis of straw for energy; Combustion or co-firing; Biogas generation; Pellets production and combustion in small units. Analysis of the economical feasibility: Economic feasibility of the technical solutions; Possibilities for co-financing via emission reduction mechanisms (JI or GIS). Identification and short description of potential project scenarios.
Das Projekt "Emerging Diseases in a Changing European Environment (EDEN)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Heidelberg, Hygiene-Institut, Abteilung für Tropenhygiene und öffentliches Gesundheitswesen durchgeführt. These last years, several vector-borne, parasitic or zoonotic diseases have (re)-emerged and spread in the European territory with major health, ecological, socio-economical and political consequences. Most of these outbreaks are linked to global and local changes resulting of climatic changes or activities of human populations. Europe must anticipate, prevent and control new emergences to avoid major societal and economical crisis (cf. SARS in Asia, West Nile in US). EDEN (Emerging Diseases in a changing European Environment) offers a unique opportunity to prepare for uncertainties about the future of the European environment and its impact on human health. EDEN's aim is to increase preparedness by developing and coordinating at European level a set of generic investigative methods, tools and skills within a common scientific framework (Landscapes, Vector and Parasite bionomics, Public Health, Animal Reservoirs). EDEN has therefore selected for study a range of diseases that are especially sensitive to environmental changes. Some of these diseases are already present in Europe (West Nile, Rodent-born, Tick-born, Leishmaniosis), others were present historically (Malaria) and so may re-emerge, whilst finally Rift Valley Fever is either on the fringes of Europe. EDEN integrates research between 42 leading institutes from 23 countries with the combined experience and skills to reach their common goals. EDEN is organised into a series of vertical Sub-Projects led and managed by an internationally recognised expert and linked by a series of Integrative Activities that include biodiversity monitoring, environmental change detection, disease modelling, remote sensing and image interpretation, information and communication. The proposed management structure, including a Scientific Board and a User Forum, takes into account both the diversity of the partners and the size of the project. Specific links with third world countries will be achieved through an Africa platform. Prime Contractor: Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement; Paris; France.
Das Projekt "Impact of Village Resettlement on Wildlife Conservation in Cameroon" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Freiburg, Forstzoologisches Institut, Professur für Wildtierökologie und Wildtiermanagement durchgeführt. The number of protected areas in our planet has multiplied as an outcome of the Rio Conference in 1992 which declared the conservation of biodiversity and creation of national parks as priority. However, particularly in central Africa, the establishment of protected areas has resulted in a wide spread displacement of human populations. The issue of resettlement is still much-debated in International discussions. Is the resettlement of 'forest people worthwhile as a conservation strategy in protecting populations of large mammals which are under risk of extinction through hunting? Some schools of thought contend that conventional conservation strategies such as the resettlement of the 'forest people out of National Parks can be regarded as tantamount to abuse of human rights and also altering local livelihood aspects of the village communities for the sake of wildlife and biodiversity. Hitherto, despite much criticism of the displacement of indigenous poor communities, very few studies have researched the possible positive outcomes of resettlement from protected areas. Resettlement therefore, has been a delicate option in conservation planning in most parts of the world due to its socio-economic, political and environmental ramifications. The multifarious challenges faced by the resettled populations make the question of re-settlement of other villages all the more difficult. Using a case study from south west Cameroon, this project examines the outcome of a government initiative to safeguard wildlife following the creation of the Korup National Park through a progressive resettlement scheme of the Ekundukundu Village out of the 'protected zone'. It seeks to ascertain whether the approach in resettling and re-orientating the daily lives of forest dwellers away from their traditional milieu can be a successful method of safeguarding wildlife in our forests. It also complies with the call for an assessment of ''the economic and socio-cultural costs and impacts arising from the establishment and maintenance of protected areas (CBD COP7 2004).
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