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Sensor data from a benthic chamber experiment in the Kiel Bight, SW Baltic Sea from 2025

This dataset consists of sensor data from field experiments with time-series point measurements. These benthic MiniChamber experiments were run at five stations for 20 h during cruise EMB374 (04.09.2025 - 13.09.2025). An O2 optode with integrated temperature sensor (Aanderaa, Norway), as well as pH and sulfide micro sensor (Unisense, Denmark), were measuring within the benthic chamber during the 20 h experimental run. The data set will be used to highlight similarities and differences in the benthic system of the Kiel Bight. Oxygen respiration and sulfide flux rates from the benthic chamber can be extrapolated to larger areas of Kiel Bight, providing insights into more widespread occurrences of sulfide emissions.

Sulfate reduction rates in sediments and bottom water from Kiel Bight, SW Baltic Sea 2023 to 2025

This dataset presents microbial sulfate reduction rates (SRR) from eight stations, in Kiel Bight, near Fehmarn and Flensburg Fjord. Sediments and water column samples were taken during the research cruises BE-09/2023 (12.09.2023), L23-13 (13.09.2023 – 15.09.2023), AL618 (18.08.2024 – 08.09.2024), Sagitta24-1 (16.09.2024), Sagitta24-2 (23.09.2024), Hai24VE2 (24.09.2024), BE01/2025 (23.01.2025), L25-2b (09.02.2025 – 17.02.2025) and EMB374 (04.09.2025 - 13.09.2025). Sediment cores were recovered using Multicorer or Rumohrlot. Subcores were taken from the cores and 35S radiotracer was added centimeter-wise, incubated for 17-24 hours at in-situ temperature of the retrieved cores, sliced, transferred in zinc acetate and stored at -20°C until analysis. Water samples were collected by a CTD/Rosette at 3 different water depth (1, 2, 6 m asf) and from bottom water of the sediment cores. 35S radiotracer was added directly to the samples incubated for 17-24 hours at in-situ temperature and proceeded as for sediments. The analysis followed in the laboratory at the home institute and sulfate reduction rates were quantified after Kallmeyer et al. (2004), using cold chromium distillation, with modifications after Roy et al. (2014). The data set provides the first spatial overview of SRR variability in Kiel Bight and reveals differences between the late summer conditions in the years 2023, 2024 and 2025, as well as winter conditions from 2025. Together with microbiological, geochemical, sensor, and benthic chamber data the results help to better understand spatial and temporal variations in sedimentary sulfide production, retention and emission to the bottom water of Kiel Bight.

Sedimentary sensor data from the Kiel Bight, SW Baltic Sea from 2024 and 2025

This dataset consists of sensor data from eight stations, in Kiel Bight, near Fehmarn and Flensburg Fjord. It includes vertical depth profiles. For the vertical depth profiles sediments were taken during research cruises Sagitta24-1 (16.09.2024), Sagitta24-2 (23.09.2024), BE01/2025 (23.01.2025), L25-2b (09.02.2025 – 17.02.2025) and EMB374 (04.09.2025 - 13.09.2025). In 2024, oxygen, pH and sulfide were measured, whereas redox potential and hydrogen were additionally measured in 2025. Micro sensor equipment of Unisense (Aarhus, Denmark) was used for all sediment profiles. The data set will be used to highlight small-scale vertical gradients that are putatively microbial induced and altered as well as geochemical differences between the upper sediment of Kiel Bight. Together with microbiological and geochemical data and rate measurements the data will show the close interlinkages between sediment properties and communities.

Discrete water sample data from a benthic chamber experiment in the Kiel Bight, SW Baltic Sea from 2025

This dataset consists of geochemical parameters like hydrogen sulfide, total alkalinity (TA), phosphate, nitrite, nitrate, silicate, ammonium, chloride, bromide and sulfate data from five stations with benthic chamber experiments during EMB374 (04.09.2025 - 13.09.2025) in the Kiel Bight. Samples were collected with a syringe sampler within the benthic chamber at the end of incubation time as well as from ambient bottom water by Niskin bottles mounted to the MiniLander at around 20 cm above the seafloor. Sampling took place at the same time as with the syring sampler within the benthic chamber. Concentrations of hydrogen sulfide were measured photometrically, TA was titrated with a dosimeter, phosphate, nitrite, nitrate, silicate, ammonium were measured with an autoanalyzer and chloride, bromide, sulfate with an ion chromatograph. Together with the sensor measurements, this data set provide key parameters necessary for understanding biogeochemical processes, calculating oxygen respiration rates and sulfide emission rates from the sediment to the water column within the benthic chamber.

Microbial sulfate reduction rates, geochemical micro profiles and benthic chamber experiment data in the Kiel Bight, SW Baltic Sea from 2023 to 2025

This dataset collection presents measurements of microbial sulfate reduction rates (SRR), mircrosensor profiles, and benthic chamber experiments from eight stations, in Kiel Bight, near Fehmarn and Flensburg Fjord from 2023 to 2025. Sediment cores were recovered using multicorer (MUC), minicorer (MIC) or Rumohr lot (RL), with multiple core liners (MUC/MIC) used per deployment for microbial, geochemical, and sensor analysis. The dataset provides the first spatial and temporal overview of sulfide production in sediment and water column of Kiel Bight, small-scale putatively microbial influenced vertical gradients of the upper sediment, and flux rates between sediment and bottom water. Further geochemical data from the same deployments can be found in Spiegel et al. 2026 https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.988013. Together these datasets enable assessments of microbial-geochemical controls on sulfide production, retention, and emission to the bottom water of Kiel Bight under changing regimes.

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