Das Projekt "Invasibility of Swiss Grasslands" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Berner Fachhochschule, Hochschule für Agrar-, Forst- und Lebensmittelwissenschaften.Ecological processes resulting from global change, such as more frequent extreme summer drought or increased propagule pressure of exotic species, often affect plant communities gradually at time scales of years or decades and may therefore not often be distinctly recognized. The effects of potential interactions of such processes are largely unknown. Interactions may partly compensate single effects and contribute to constancy of communities and ecosystems. However, ecologists are increasingly concerned about potentially adverse interactions that may stimulate cascades of species extinctions. Over the last decade sowing experiments have found reliable evidence for seed-availability related effects on the local occurrence of species, the size of populations and the richness and productivity of communities. This implies that processes influencing the production and dispersal of seeds and/or the establishment of seedlings are important for the functioning of ecosystems. Although major cases of adverse invasions have not occurred so far, we suspect that species-rich meadows that show a high seedling turnover are potentially susceptible to invasion. Current invasibility theory predicts increased invasion during temporary resource pulses that could be associated with increased variability of rainfall. Successful invasion may primarily depend on the propagule pressures of local resident and potential invader species. A new multi-factorial seed-addition experiment will investigate hypotheses concerning the main and interactive effects of productivity, summer drought, origin of species, and propagule pressure. The experiment will be started in 2010 in meadows covering a wide productivity gradient in different Swiss regions. The knowledge gained from this experiment will be used to predict grassland invasibility in Switzerland.
Das Projekt "Weed Control in Field Crops, Herbicides Registration and Genetics of Herbicide Resistance in Weed^Aspects malherbologiques, homologation des herbicides et genetique de la resistance d'adventices en grandes cultures (FRA)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Bundesamt für Landwirtschaft, Bundesverwaltung Volkswirtschaftsdepartement eidg.. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Station federale de recherches en production vegetale de Changins.Mise en evidence de l'incidence de diverses pratiques culturales sur l'evolution de la flore adventice. Determination d'adventices presentes en grandes cultures. Confirmation de cas de resistance. Conseils dans la lutte contre les mauvaises herbes. Homologation des herbicides. Determiner l'heritabilite de la resistance a l'isoproturon chez Apera spica-venti. Determiner la presence de resistances croisees et/ou multiples. (FRA)