In this dataset we provide data for 6 experimental models of caldera collapse and subsequent resurgence monitored through geophysical sensors (a force or “impact sensor”, Piezotronics PCB 104 200B02 and a Triaxial piezoelectric accelerometer, Model 356B18). The analogue modelling experiments were carried out at the TOOLab (Tectonic Modelling Laboratory), which is a joint laboratory between the Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse of the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Italy and the Department of Earth Sciences of the University of Florence.
The laboratory work that produced these data was partly supported by the European Plate Observing System (EPOS), by the Joint Research Unit (JRU) EPOS Italia and by the “Monitoring Earth's Evolution and Tectonics” (MEET) project (NextGenerationEU). Specifically, this work was performed in the frame of the DynamiCal project, funded by the 2° TNA-NOA call of the ILGE-MEET project.
We implemented, by means of analogue laboratory modelling, the key processes of the feedback among erosion and landslides, isostatic response and lithospheric flexure, to address how these lead to landsliding. The processes involved have different response times and characteristic length-scales and/or threshold behaviours and are suitable to the investigation in scaled analogue experiment, which aptly capture the behaviour of the natural prototype.
These processes have been simulated using sand, to simulate mountain slopes, erosion and landslides, and viscous solids, e.g., syrup and silicone, to simulate the underlying lithosphere and mantle. This approach combines established techniques, such as laboratory fluid-filled tanks reproducing deformation and restoring force of the Earth’s mantle, and silicone to reproduce the viscoelastic lithosphere dynamics, whereas sand is used to capture the plastic behaviour of slopes and landslides, while climate-driven precipitation is routinely simulated to address slope erosion.
All the modelling techniques are well established, minimising the risk of the project. Combining these techniques into a single modelling approach is novel as it reliably captures the feedback between processes acting across vastly different spatial and temporal scales, so far addressed in isolation.
This publication results from work conducted under the transnational access/national open access action at Laboratory of Experimental Tectonics (University of Roma TRE, Italy), supported by WP3 ILGE - MEET project, PNRR - EU Next Generation Europe program, MUR grant number D53C22001400005.