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Salt marshes along the Wadden Sea coast are often shaped by anthropogenic alterations to their hydrology and sedimentation. To investigate the effects of hydrological restoration through summer dike openings on soil carbon storage capacities, soil samples were collected from four study sites along the Lower Saxony Wadden Sea coast, Germany. Each site featured restored areas, i.e., former summer polders reconnected to tidal exchange, and reference salt marshes adjacent to the polders. The polders varied in restoration age, i.e., 0 (control, not restored), 8, 14, and 28 years, forming a chronosequence for temporal analysis, while the reference salt marshes remained unchanged. Soil samples were taken along transects that represented different marsh zones, including pioneer, lower salt marsh, and upper salt marsh. The soil samples covered soil layers down to a depth of 100 cm and were collected in five sections of 20 cm using an Edelman corer. Total carbon, organic carbon, and inorganic carbon were analyzed using CN-elementary analysis and calcimeter methods. This dataset provides valuable insights into the potential of hydrological restoration measures to enhance soil carbon sequestration in salt marshes.
The continuous agricultural soil monitoring program (BDF) by the Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture, and Geology (LfULG) is operational since 1995, collecting and analysing samples periodically from 60 monitoring sites across Saxony, Germany. Stepped thermal analysis allows for the fast and cost-effective determination of different carbon fractions of ground soil samples. This dataset reports the analysis of 902 archive samples from the Soil Monitoring Program of the State Office for Environment, Agriculture, and Geology (LfULG) collected between 1995 and 2023, and 462 samples collected during a sampling campaign in September 2023. We report the thermal soil carbon fractions TOC400, ROC (ROC600), and TIC900 measured in air-dried and ground samples according to DIN19539 / DIN EN 17505 using an Elementar soliTOC cube. This dataset is part of a mid-infrared soil spectral library for agricultural soils in Saxony, Germany.
The permeable sandy sediments of beach aquifers receive a high input of electron acceptors, such as oxygen (O2), as well as fresh organic matter through seawater infiltration, driving the biogeochemical turnover in the subterranean estuary. Here, we experimentally determined seasonal sedimentary O2 consumption rates of intertidal sediments along a transect in the seawater infiltration zone at Spiekeroog Island North Beach, Germany, and present the data together with measurements of organic carbon and grain sizes, oxygen concentration of pore waters and beach topography. The samples were taken down to 1 m depth during two-monthly sampling campaigns from May 2022 to April 2023. Preliminary investigations of O2 consumption rates took place in in March, June and August 2017. Sediment and porewater sampling procedures were carried out as described by Massmann et al. (2023). O2 consumption rates were determined in slurry incubations of the retrieved sediments using gas tight vials (Labco Exetainer® 12 ml) equipped with O2 sensor spots (Pyroscience, OXSP5). Incubations were carried out in the dark at in situ temperatures, and vials were mounted on a rotating wheel to mimic porewater advection. The sediment's total organic carbon content was determined in a CS analyser (Eltra CS 800). Additionally, the fine fraction of the sediment was washed out and the organic carbon content of the fine sediments was measured in a CHNSO analyser (Hekatech Euro EA). The grain size distribution of the sediments was detemined using dynamic image analysis (Sympatec QICPIC). The O2 concentration in the pore water along the transect was measured immediately after the sample was taken using a flow-through oxygen optode (Pyroscience, OXFTC). The data was collected to investigate the impact of seasonal inputs and filtration efficiency on the O2 consumption during seawater infiltration into the permeable sands of beach aquifers.
This dataset contains carbonate chemistry speciation data of the 2023 KOSMOS mesocosm study on Helgoland, Germany. This study tested the effects of ocean alkalinity enhancement simulating lime additions on pelagic ecosystem functioning during a spring bloom. Carbonate chemistry speciation (fCO2, pHT, calcium carbonate saturation state) was generally calculated from measurements of total alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in depth-integrated water samples. There were 12 mesocosms in total and in 6 of them an alkalinity gradient of up to +1250 umol/kg was established in steps of 250 umol/kg. In the remaining 6 the same amount of alkalinity was added only to the upper portion of the mesocosms, resulting in twice the alkalinity increase there, before being mixed in after 48 hours. The two treatments simulated the immediate dilution of TA after ship deployment as well as a delayed one from a point source.
The data presented herein originates from a mesocosm study conducted as part of the BMBF CDRmare, Retake project (grant agreement no. 03F0895A), aimed at investigating the ecological ramifications of ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE). Twelve mesocosms were deployed in Helgoland South Harbor, Germany, and systematically sampled using integrated water samplers over the period spanning from March 12th to April 20th, 2023. Six alkalinity levels under two dilution scenarios were established to differentiate between localized and uniform OAE additions. Alkalinity was increased stepwise to ΔTAmax = 1250 μmol kg-1 (250 μmol TA kg-1 increments) using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with calcium chloride (CaCl2) to simulate cation release during calcium-based mineral dissolution, causing strong carbonate chemistry perturbations (e.g., pHT > 9.25). The dataset encompasses a spectrum of sediment trap particle flux data, water column biogeochemistry including pigment variables, inorganic nutrients, carbonate chemistry parameters. The study and data set offer insights into impacts of alkalinity enhancement on marine ecosystems and their associated biogeochemistry.
Stammdaten und Analysedaten zu den Grundwassermessstellen im EUA-Messnetz: Messtelle DEGM_41390197 (Dessau-Waldersee)
Der Melvillesee ist ein Fjordsee, der sich in der letzten Eiszeit am Rande des hochdynamischen Laurentidischen Eisschildes (LIS) befand. Die obersten 10 m der insgesamt ca. 300-400 m Seesedimente haben die postglaziale Geschichte der letzten 10000 Jahre aufgezeichnet. In diesem dicken Sedimentpaket dürfte der See die Klimageschichte bis weit zurück vor das letzte Glazial gespeichert haben und würde sich daher als exzellentes Klimaarchiv anbieten. Um diesen Sachverhalt zu klären, wurde im Sommer 2019 eine Expedition mit dem FS Maria S. Merian (MSM84) unternommen. Während dieser Expedition wurden Sedimentkerne gezogen sowie ein dichtes Netz von hydroakustischen Messungen durchgeführt. Anhang der Sedimentkerne und der Sedimentecholot-Daten kann man fünf verschiedene Schichten im Untergrund des Sees erkennen: (I) post-glaziale Sedimente; (II) Sedimente aus der Zeit des Eisrückzuges; (III) Sedimente, die mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit in einem subglazialen See unterhalb des aufschwimmenden LIS abgelagert wurden. Darunter finden sich (IV) wiederum schön geschichtete Sedimente, die aus einem früheren eisfreien Zeitraum stammen dürften, vermutlich MIS5, MIS4 oder die erste Hälfte des MIS3. Als unterste Schichte ist das Grundgestein (V) zu erkennen. Unsere Sedimentkerne enthalten Sedimente aus I und II sowie aus dem obersten Bereich von III. Im Rahmen dieses Projektes schlagen wir vor, die post-glazialen Sedimente sowie diejenige vom Rückzug des LIS genauer zu untersuchen, um daran Paläoklimaschwankungen sowie die Rückzugsgeschichte des LIS zu rekonstruieren. In einem zweiten Schritt möchten wir auch die Sedimente analysieren, die vom subglazialen See zu stammen, um diesen besser zu charakterisieren und um zu testen, ob auch diese Sedimente Klimaschwankungen aufgezeichnet haben. Um diese Fragen zu beantworten, werden wir die Sedimentkerne zuerst mit zerstörungsfreien Methoden wie CT-Scanning, Multisensor-Core-Logging und XRF-Scanning untersuchen. Danach werden ausgewählte Kernabschnitte beprobt. Mit Hilfe von Radiokarbondatierungen und paläomagnetischen Messungen werden wir ein Altersmodell erstellen können. Mit einer Kombination der zerstörungsfreien Messungen mit Einzelprobenmessungen (TIC, TOC, Korngröße, XRD, WD-XRF) werden wir die in den Kernen enthaltene paläoklimatologische Information entschlüsseln. Hierbei werden wir einen Schwerpunkt auf die Entwicklung von Proxies legen, die geeignet sind, die vergangenen Vorstöße und Rückzüge des LIS zu rekonstruieren. Falls wir zeigen können, dass die Sedimente des Melvillesees tatsächlich ein Archiv für Klimageschichte auch jenseits des Holozäns sind, dann empfiehlt sich der See als ein Hauptziel einer zukünftigen amphibischen Tiefbohrung von IODP und ICDP. Diese würde mit dem Ziel abgeteuft, die Dynamik des LIS zu rekonstruieren.
Sediment cores were recovered using a hand-held Cobra Pro (Atlas Copco) core drilling system with a 60 mm diameter open corer. One-meter segments were retrieved and assessed in the field for sedimentological features, including estimations of grain size, carbonate content, humus content, and redox features (AG Boden 2005, 2024). Colour descriptions were carried out using the Munsell Soil Color Chart. The exact positions of the drilling points were recorded using a differential GPS device (TOPCON HiPer II). The cores were photographed, documented and sampled at 5–10 cm intervals for subsequent laboratory analyses. Bulk samples from five selected cores (RK1, RK3, RK13, RK15, RK17) were freeze-dried, sieved (2 mm), and weighed. Total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), and total sulfur (TS) contents were measured using a CNS analyzer (Vario EL cube, Elementar). Inorganic carbon (TIC) was determined using calcimeter measurements (Scheibler method, Eijkelkamp). Organic carbon (TOC) was calculated as TOC = TC − TIC. For the grain size analyses, sediment samples were first sieved to <2 mm and subsamples of 10 g were treated with 50 ml of 35% hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and gently heated to remove organic matter. Following this, 10 ml of 0.4 N sodium pyrophosphate solution (Na₄P₂O₇) was added to disperse the particles, and the suspension was subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 45 minutes. The sand fraction was analysed by dry sieving and classified into four size classes: coarse sand (2000–630 µm), medium sand (630–200 µm), fine sand (200–125 µm), and very fine sand (125–63 µm). Finer fractions were determined using X-ray granulometry (XRG) with a SediGraph III 5120 (Micromeritics). These included coarse silt (63–20 µm), medium silt (20–6.3 µm), fine silt (6.3–2.0 µm), coarse clay (2.0–0.6 µm), medium clay (0.6–0.2 µm), and fine clay (<0.2 µm).
A literature retrieval was performed for whole rock geochemical analyses of sedimentary, magmatic and metamorphic rocks in the catchment of River Thuringian Saale for the past 600 Ma. Considering availability and coincidence with paleontological an facies data the following indicators seem suitable to detect environmental and climatic changes: biogenic P for Paleoproductivity, STI Index for weathering intensity, Ni/Co-ratio for redox conditions, relative enrichments of Co, Ba and Rb versus crustal values for volcanic activity at varying differentiation. The Mg/Ca-ratio as proxy for salinity is applicable in evaporites. The binary plot Nb/Y versus Zr/TiO2 indicates a presently eroded volcanic level of the Bohemian Massif as catchment area for the Middle Bunter, whereas higly differentiated volcanics provided source material for Neoproterozoic greywackes. A positive Eu-anomaly is limited to the Lower Bunter and implies mafic source rocks perhaps formerly located in the Bohemian Massif.
Stammdaten und Analysedaten zu den Grundwassermessstellen im EUA-Messnetz: Messtelle DEGM_DEMV_22370010 (Warnow OP)
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