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Sedimentological, geochemical and biological data of sediment cores from lake Tiefer (NE Germany)

The depletion of dissolved oxygen in lakes (hypoxia) is an ongoing phenomenon that put under risk ecological systems and impact sedimentary environments. This phenomenon is driven by the increasing anthropogenic pressure on such environments. This dataset contains high-resolution sedimentological, geochemical and biological depth series of selected short sediment cores from lake Tiefer See (NE Germany). Those cores cover the recent transition from homogeneous to laminated sediments (~100 years ago), a transition that reflect the onset of hypoxic conditions in the lake. The cores were taken from different locations and water depths across the lake and allow to trace the spatiotemporal evolution of hypoxia spread in the lake.

Stable oxygen and carbon isotope data of bulk samples from varved Mondsee sediments, Austria, 1988-2013

Stable oxygen and carbon isotope data of calcite layers and detrital layers from varved Mondsee sediments, Austria, 1988-2013

X-ray fluorescense (XRF) core scanning from sediment core HZM19, Holzmaar (West-Eifel Volcanic Field, Germany)

XRF measurements in 0.2 to 1 mm increments with an ITRAX XRF core scanner (Cox Analytics) and Cr tube (Croudance et al. 2015, doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9849-5 ). The sediment core HZM19 was collected in 2019, from Holzmaar, West-Eifel Volcanic Field in Germany using a UWITEC Piston Corer. The sediment core was collected to reconstruct environmental and climate changes of Holzmaar for the last 16,000 years cal BP. Particularly in this data set we cover between 2450-2950 cal BP.

CNS analyses from sediment core HZM19, Holzmaar (West-Eifel Volcanic Field, Germany)

C, N and S analysed with a CNS elemental analyser (EuroEA, Eurovector). Biogenic silica was measured following the leaching method of Müller & Schneider (1993, doi:10.1016/0967-0637(93)90140-X). The sediment core HZM19 was collected in 2019, from Holzmaar, West-Eifel Volcanic Field in Germany using a UWITEC Piston Corer. The sediment core was collected to reconstruct environmental and climate changes of Holzmaar for the last 16,000 years cal BP. Particularly in this data set we cover between 2450-2950 cal BP.

Diatom counts from sediment core HZM19, Holzmaar (West-Eifel Volcanic Field, Germany)

Diatom analyses were done following (Battarbee, 1986; Battarbee et al., 2002; doi:10.2478/s11756-019-00407-8). Including an updated list of names. The sediment core HZM19 was collected in 2019, from Holzmaar, West-Eifel Volcanic Field in Germany using a UWITEC Piston Corer. The sediment core was collected to reconstruct environmental and climate changes of Holzmaar for the last 16,000 years cal BP. Particularly in this data set we cover between 2450-2950 cal BP. An aliquot of each freeze-dried sample was processed with standard procedures (Battarbee, 1986; Battarbee et al., 2002). Only species with >=5% relative abundance in at least two samples were used for further analyses. Species acronyms are listed seperately.

Chronology from sediment core HZM19, Holzmaar (West-Eifel Volcanic Field, Germany)

Chronology is based on Birlo et al. 2023, the Age is in calibrated years Before Present. The sediment core HZM19 was collected in 2019, from Holzmaar, West-Eifel Volcanic Field in Germany using a UWITEC Piston Corer. The sediment core was collected to reconstruct environmental and climate changes of Holzmaar for the last 16,000 years cal BP. Particularly in this data set we cover between 2450-2950 cal BP.

Hyperspectral scanning imaging index from sediment core HZM19, Holzmaar (West-Eifel Volcanic Field, Germany)

Pigments measurements (RABD671 and RABD845) were made by Specim PFD-CL-65V10E linescan camera following the methods of (Butz et al., 2015, doi:10.1117/1.JRS.9.096031), at a resolution of 60 × 60 μm. Scanning methodology and index calculations can be found in (Zander et al., 2021, doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143713). The sediment core HZM19 was collected in 2019, from Holzmaar, West-Eifel Volcanic Field in Germany using a UWITEC Piston Corer. The sediment core was collected to reconstruct environmental and climate changes of Holzmaar for the last 16,000 years cal BP. Particularly in this data set we cover between 2450-2950 cal BP.

Sedimentary pigments from sediment core HZM19, Holzmaar (West-Eifel Volcanic Field, Germany)

Chl and Bphe were measured with ultraviolet–visible photospectrometry (UV-VIS) using combined protocols of Lami et al. (1994, doi:10.1007/978-94-017-2095-3_7) and Pniewski (2020, doi:10.2478/s11756-019-00407-8). The sediment core HZM19 was collected in 2019, from Holzmaar, West-Eifel Volcanic Field in Germany using a UWITEC Piston Corer. The sediment core was collected to reconstruct environmental and climate changes of Holzmaar for the last 16,000 years cal BP. Particularly in this data set we cover between 2450-2950 cal BP.

Magnetic Susceptibility from sediment core HZM19, Holzmaar (West-Eifel Volcanic Field, Germany)

Magnetic susceptibility (MS) measurements in 4 mm increments with a Bartington MS2E sensor mounted to a measuring bench (Nowaczyk, 2002, doi:10.1007/0-306-47669-X_8). The sediment core HZM19 was collected in 2019, from Holzmaar, West-Eifel Volcanic Field in Germany using a UWITEC Piston Corer. The sediment core was collected to reconstruct environmental and climate changes of Holzmaar for the last 16,000 years cal BP. Particularly in this data set we cover between 2450-2950 cal BP.

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