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A database of analogue models and geophysical data investigating caldera resurgence; DynamiCal project

In this dataset we provide data for 6 experimental models of caldera collapse and subsequent resurgence monitored through geophysical sensors (a force or “impact sensor”, Piezotronics PCB 104 200B02 and a Triaxial piezoelectric accelerometer, Model 356B18). The analogue modelling experiments were carried out at the TOOLab (Tectonic Modelling Laboratory), which is a joint laboratory between the Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse of the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Italy and the Department of Earth Sciences of the University of Florence. The laboratory work that produced these data was partly supported by the European Plate Observing System (EPOS), by the Joint Research Unit (JRU) EPOS Italia and by the “Monitoring Earth's Evolution and Tectonics” (MEET) project (NextGenerationEU). Specifically, this work was performed in the frame of the DynamiCal project, funded by the 2° TNA-NOA call of the ILGE-MEET project.

40Ar/39Ar Radiometric Dating of Quaternary Basaltic Volcanism at the Kula Volcanic Province, Western Türkiye

During this research at the 40Ar-39Ar Geochronology Laboratory, CNR, Pisa, Italy, the analysis focused on 40Ar- 39Ar radiometric dating to investigate three distinct periods of volcanism from the Kula Volcanic Province in western Türkiye. This area is a monogenetic volcanic field (MVF) and exhibits three eruptive periods in the Quaternary Period. The three periods of volcanism are named the Burgaz (first stage), the Elikcitepe (second stage), and the DivilitTepe (third stage). This type of volcanism is poorly understood due to their small eruption size and limited material, lack of suitable datable material, and short eruption duration, with geological histories often poorly constrained. The data publication includes data of four samples from the three different eruptive phases that were analysed, including one from the first stage, one from the second stage, and two from the third stage. The samples were successfully dated and gave ages as the Early Pleistocene (first stage), the Middle Pleistocene (second stage) and the Holocene (third stage). The data from this work will be used as part of a PhD thesis. The ages will be integrated into a more detailed geochemical analysis and facilitate a detailed examination of the temporal and spatial relationships for the evolution of the volcano, and insights into the mechanisms driving volcanic activity in the region. Data was acquired by an ARGUS VI multi-collector noble gas mass spectrometer, using the step-heating process for all samples. Between 9.9 and 11.1 mg of groundmass material was analysed.

Jet spreading and Jet inclination induced through complex vent geometry

This dataset provides data from 36 rapid decompression experiments performed in the Fragmentation Lab at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU, Munich, Germany) supporting the publication Schmid, M, Kueppers U, Cigala V, Sesterhenn J and Dingwell DB (202x) “Release characteristics of overpressurised gas from complex vents: implications for volcanic hazards”. The experiments were aimed to constrain the influence of complex vent geometry on the instantaneous gas expansion in a shock-tube setup, mimicking impulsive volcanic explosions. They were performed at the following experimental conditions: 1) six vent geometries (conduit geometry always cylindrical), composed by 2 sets of inner geometry (cylindrical and 15° diverging) with inclined exit planes of 5, 15 or 30° slant angle, 2) constant temperature (25°C), 3) four starting overpressure scenarios (5, 8, 15, 25 MPa), and 4) two reservoir volumes (127.4 cm3, 31.9 cm3), achieved via variable conduit length, with Argon being used for the pressurization. During the experiments the setup is incrementally pressurized. When the desired experimental pressure in the reservoir is reached, rapid decompression is triggered (Kueppers et al., 2006; Cigala et al., 2017), producing a starting jet of expanding gas. Expansion-induced cooling leads to condensation of the Argon jet, allowing for optical analysis of gas expansion dynamics using highspeed videos. Gas dynamics (jet spreading and jet inclination) were analysed and correlated to experimental variables.

Digital image correlation data from analogue modelling experiments addressing magma emplacement along simple shear and transtensional fault zones

This data set includes the results of digital image correlation analysis applied to nine experiments (Table 1) on magma-tectonic interaction performed at the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) of the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam in the framework of EPOS transnational access activities in 2017. The models use silicone oil (PDMS G30M, Rudolf et al., 2016) and Quartz sand (G12, Rosenau et al., 2018) to simulate pre-, syn- and post-tectonic intrusion of granitic magma into upper crustal shear zones of simple shear and transtensional (15° obliquity) kinematics. Three reference experiments (simple shear, transtension, intrusion) are also reported. Detailed descriptions of the experiments can be found in Michail et al. (submitted) to which this data set is supplement. The models have been monitored by means of digital image correlation (DIC) analysis including Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV; Adam et al., 2005) and Structure from Motion photogrammetry (SfM; Donnadieu et al., 2003; Westoby et al., 2012). DIC analysis yields quantitative model surface deformation information by means of 3D surface topography and displacements from which surface strain has been calculated. The data presented here are visualized as surface deformation maps and movies, as well as digital elevation and intrusion models. The results of a shape analysis of the model plutons is provided, too.

Supplement to: Graben formation and dike arrest during the 2009 Harrat Lunayyir dike intrusion in Saudi Arabia: Insights from InSAR, stress calculations and analog experiments

This dataset is supplementary material to the article by Xu et al. (2016) ‘Graben formation and dike arrest during the 2009 Harrat Lunayyir dike intrusion in Saudi Arabia: Insights from InSAR, stress calculations and analog experiments’. The Authors described the spatial and temporal effects of a propagating dike on crustal deformation, including the interaction with faulting, using a multidisciplinary approach. This supplementary material concerns the analog modelling part only. For a detailed description of the experimental procedure, set-up and materials used, please refer to the article of Xu et al. (2016; paragraph 5).The data available in this supplementary publication are:- A folder (2019-003_Corbi-et-al_Fig6.zip) containing: 1. top-view pictures (e.g. ‘lunayyr1_0025.JPG’) and displacement data obtained with MatPiv (e.g. ‘uun25.mat’ and ‘uvn25.mat’; dike parallel and orthogonal components; respectively) shown in figure 6 of Xu et al 2016. 2. a Matlab script (‘fig6_a_h.m’) that allows reproducing the same figure setup as in figure 6 panels a-h of Xu et al 2016. The thick red line highlights dike position. The background shading refers to dike orthogonal displacement.- A folder (2019-003_Corbi-et-al_PIV_data.zip) containing: 1. surface deformation data obtained with MatPiv. Each file (‘vel_fine_piv#.mat’) contains 4 elements (x, y, u, v) representing the coordinates and horizontal and vertical component of incremental velocity field organized in a 143 x 215 matrix; 2. the run_movie.m Matlab script. Running it the user can visualize the space-time evolution of cumulative surface displacement. The background shading refers to dike orthogonal component of displacement. The thick red line highlights dike position.- A folder (2019-003_Corbi-et-al_pictures.zip) containing the whole set of pictures from the experiment shown in Xu et al., 2016.- A movie (2019-003_Corbi-et-al_graben formation.mp4) obtained using the whole set of pictures (96 photos). The thick red line highlights dike position. The amount of dike opening is reported as header.- A movie (2019-003_Corbi-et-al_cum_displacement.mp4) showing the space-time evolution of cumulative surface displacement, where the background shading refers to dike orthogonal component of displacement. The thick red line highlights dike position.

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