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Seasonal water isotope values in northeastern German lakes and ponds of the years 2020, 2022 and 2023

Water isotopes (δ²H and δ¹⁸O) were analyzed in samples from a range of relatively small lakes and ponds in northeastern Germany. The sampled water bodies are not connected to major river systems but are either fed by groundwater or small creeks. Water chemical parameters were determined in-situ with a portable WTW-multiparameter probe. Water samples were collected in different seasons of the years 2020, 2022 and 2023. Here, composite samples were taken from the lake centers with a Ruttner Water Sampler in 2 m intervals from the lake surface to bottom. In some cases, only a surface sample was collected from 50 cm depth using a pipette. Samples were filtered and transferred into a measurement vial. Stable isotope analysis was conducted at IGB Berlin, using a Picarro L2130-i cavity ring-down spectrometer. Measurement uncertainty was quantified to <0.5 ‰ for δ²H and <0.2 ‰ for δ¹⁸O. The data give information about the seasonal and spatial stable isotope variability at the sampled lacustrine systems.

Seasonal water isotope values in eastern German lakes and rivers (Spree, Dahme, Elster and Mulde systems) in March, July, October 2022, and March 2023

Water isotopes (δ²H and δ¹⁸O) were analyzed in samples from lakes and rivers in eastern Germany. This sub-dataset is derived from water samples collected from lake and river shores. Seasonal samples were collected in March, July, October 2022, and in March 2023, with a plastic syringe from 20-50 cm depth below water surface and directly filtered and transferred into a measurement vial. Stable isotope analysis was conducted at IGB Berlin, using a Picarro L2130-i cavity ring-down spectrometer. Measurement uncertainty was quantified to <0.5 ‰ for δ²H and <0.2 ‰ for δ¹⁸O. Water chemical parameters were determined in-situ with a portable WTW-multiparameter probe. The data give information about the seasonal isotope amplitude at the sampled spots and about spatial isotope variability in different branches of the associated river systems.

Sample information, major element stream chemistry, inversion model setup and results, sample corrections for precipitation and degassing, and CO2 exchange calculations

Tables that include information and calculations associated with water samples collected from rivers in Central Italy. The goal of the project was to determine the carbon budget for the Central Apennine Mountains of Italy, by accounting for weathering reactions that are responsible for either CO2 drawdown or release into the atmosphere. The carbon budget was created by: 1) analysing samples from different water bodies and sources in the Central Apennines (rivers, lakes, and groundwater) for ion and isotope signatures, and 2) by incorporating the ion and isotope signatures from the waters into an inversion model that partitions these signatures into different sources (e.g. minerals, vegetation, atmospheric sources) around the landscape. All data associated with this publication are provided in a single excel spreadsheet that contains a separate tab for each of the 18 Tables. The supplementary data include: 1) Information on the locations of the water samples and associated water bodies, described in the “Sampling Methods” section, 2) ion and isotope measurements from the water samples, described in the “Analytical Procedure” section, 3) the setup and output from the inversion model, and 4) the CO2 calculations that form the basis for the carbon budget, described in the “Data Processing” section. Water samples were collected over two seasons, in winter and summer; data in the tables are divided by sampling season, where indicated in the content description. For a full description of the sampling strategy, data, and methods, please refer to: Erlanger et al. (2024) “Deep CO2 release and the carbon budget of the central Apennines modulated by geodynamics” Nature Geoscience.

Oceanic surface water isotopic compositions calibrated data from POLARSTERN cruise PS102

Isotopic measurements of seawater sampled on-board Polarstern research vessel

Major element stream water chemistry, compiled 10Be erosion rates, and analyses of weathering across an erosion-rate gradient in in southern Taiwan

This dataset was used to analyse the link between chemical weathering and erosion rates across the southern tip of Taiwan. The weathering of silicate minerals is a key component of Earth’s long-term carbon cycle, and it stabilises Earth’s climate by sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere – thereby balancing CO2-emissions from the mantle. Conversely, the weathering of accessory carbonate and sulphides acts as a CO2 source. Chemical weathering is fundamentally dependent on the exposure of fresh minerals by erosion. With these data we investigated the link between the exposure of rocks by erosion and the chemical weathering of silicates, carbonates, and sulphides across a landscape with a significant erosion-rate gradient and comparatively little variation in runoff and lithology. This dataset includes new major element chemistry and water isotopes of river waters collected from across the southern tip of Taiwan as well as associated topographic and lithologic data (tab 1 in the excel table). Moreover, the data include a compilation of published 10Be-derived erosion rates from a subset of the sampled rivers (tab 2 in the excel file) and available major element chemistry from hotsprings in the region (tab 3 in the excel file). Using a mixing model, we derived the cation contributions from silicate and carbonate weathering as well as from hotspring and cyclic sources. Further, we estimated the erosion rates for each sample from the compiled 10Be data and the steepness of river channels, and we estimated saturation and pH in the weathering zone. For more information please refer to the associated data description file and especially to Bufe et al. (2021).

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