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The European aeroemissions network (AERONET)

Das Projekt "The European aeroemissions network (AERONET)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., Institut für Antriebstechnik durchgeführt. One of the major problems that civil aeronautics will have to face over the next twenty or thirty years is to accommodate the predicted growth in demand of air transport without creating unacceptable adverse environmental effects. It is to be expected that new scientific results, increasing public concerns over the environment and future restrictive regulations with respect to aircraft emissions will force airline companies to take ecological considerations much more into account than it does at present. Consequently, for European aircraft manufacturers it is of high importance to react early and to guide their research and development resources into the most important and efficient direction. The aim of the AERONET project is to support coordination ' a postiori' of existing European and national projects or programmes dealing with the contribution of air traffic emissions to anthropogenic climate and atmospheric changes. For this purpose AERONET seeks to : - bring together experts from engine technology, atmospheric research and operations as well as programme responsible to exchange knowledge and opinions and to discuss necessary future actions on the basis of jointly defined goals and time scales, - produce competitive advantage for Europe through enhanced information echoing in the field of atmospheric effects of air traffic emissions, - strengthen a common European position in global technical and political discussions - support the Commission in identifying topics for the 5th Framework Programme, - identify gaps and help prepare a coordinated submission of proposals. European Dimension and Partnership: Europe is, beside the US, one of the two biggest aircraft manufacturers. One supposition for the economic success of European aircraft industry is not only to fulfill the existing regulations but, due to the long development times of 5-10 years and the long lifetimes of aircraft of more than 20 years, also to take the trend of future regulations development into account at a very early stage. This needs continuous and fast information exchange and discussions between atmospheric scientists, aircraft engineers and regulatory organisations. To be successful with an effort of this dimension, optimal coordination of national and European programmes in all three fields is required. Thus the network brings together representatives of all programmes and institutions concerned, helps to integrate activities through better information exchange, tries to identify the most urgent themes for R&D activities and intends to give recommendations for the Fifth Framework Programme. Potential Applications: Understanding the atmospheric impacts, the technical consequences and development perspectives, and the operational impacts as a whole is absolutely necessary to strengthen the European position in global regulatory committees on the on side and to gain competitive advantages for the European aircraft and airline industries on the other side. usw

D 6.1: Improving fruit set and quality standards of mango in the mountainous area of Vietnam

Das Projekt "D 6.1: Improving fruit set and quality standards of mango in the mountainous area of Vietnam" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Kulturpflanzenwissenschaften, Fachgebiet Ertragsphysiologie der Sonderkulturen (340f) durchgeführt. A major problem in mango production in Northern Vietnam is a premature fruit drop. However, the underlying plant processes in response to environmental and/or crop management factors are not understood. There is a general belief that this phenomenon is caused by different combinations of stressing factors which may vary between different regions and sites. In the mountainous area of northern Vietnam (Son La Province), fruit drop in mango may be caused by relatively hot, dry prevailing winds which typically occur in February/March. Consequently, it has to be determined which plant process responds sensitively to specific environmental conditions and subsequently causes, through its alteration, premature fruit drop. The identification of the physiological basis of premature fruit drop not only is of scientific interest but also of commercial significance, allowing the development of effective, fruit drop reducing crop management strategies and thus ensuring a economically sustainable cultivation of mango in this region. The research project has two main parts; environmental crop physiology and fruit quality. The environmental crop physiology part investigates whether premature fruit drop is caused by high temperature/vapour pressure deficit (VPD) conditions and related to: 1. temperature dependence of pollen tube growth and flower quality; 2. altered carbon fixation and carbon partitioning between sources (leaves) and sinks (fruit), thus possible limitations of carbon supply to developing mango fruit; 3. altered basipetal auxin export from fruit and fruit ethylene concentration. The fruit quality part will primarily carry out sensory fruit analyses and establish harvest quality criteria with the aim to improve the economic returns and thereby the economic situation of the fruit growers in the long-term.

Teilprojekt 1

Das Projekt "Teilprojekt 1" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Ecologic Institut gemeinnützige GmbH durchgeführt. Die Plastikpiraten sind ein bundesweites Citizen-Science-Projekt für Kinder und Jugendliche, das die Müllverschmutzung an Flüssen erforscht. Seit 2016 wird das Projekt vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung gefördert, zuerst im Rahmen des Wissenschaftsjahres 2016*17 'Meere und Ozeane' und anschließend im BMBF-Forschungsschwerpunkt 'Plastik in der Umwelt'. Seit 2018 ist das Ecologic Institut dabei. Die Plastikpiraten kombinieren Umweltwissen und -handeln mit der Erhebung von wissenschaftlicher Daten und verbessern dadurch die Scientific Literacy der Teilnehmer*innen. Seit 2016 haben mehr als 13.000 Kinder und Jugendliche und mehr als 800 Lehrkräfte am Projekt teilgenommen. Im Rahmen der EU-Trio-Ratspräsidentschaft Deutschland-Portugal-Slowenien soll das Projekt auf Portugal und Slowenien ausgeweitet werden. Insgesamt sollen drei Probennahme-Zeiträume parallel in den drei Ländern durchgeführt werden (Herbst 2020, Frühjahr 2021, Herbst 2021). Das beantragte Vorhaben koordiniert die Probennahme in Deutschland. Ziele der Durchführung sind die Erhebung wissenschaftlicher Daten zur Müllverschmutzung von Flüssen, eine Steigerung des Verständnisses zu den Ursachen und Auswirkungen von Plastikmüllverschmutzung bei den Teilnehmer*innen. Partizipationsmöglichkeiten werden durch die Durchführung von Lehrerfortbildungen aufgezeigt. Umfragen unter interessierten Lehrkräften sollen das Projekt bewerten und zukünftig verbessern.

Teilprojekt 2

Das Projekt "Teilprojekt 2" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Kiel, Leibniz-Institut für die Pädagogik der Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik durchgeführt. Die Plastikpiraten sind ein bundesweites Citizen-Science-Projekt für Kinder und Jugendliche, das die Müllverschmutzung an Flüssen erforscht. Seit 2016 wird das Projekt vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung gefördert, zuerst im Rahmen des Wissenschaftsjahres 2016*17 'Meere und Ozeane' und anschließend in Kooperation mit dem Ecologic Institut in der BMBF-Initiative 'Plastik in der Umwelt' fortgesetzt. Die Plastikpiraten kombinieren Umweltwissen und -handeln mit der Erhebung von wissenschaftlicher Daten und verbessern dadurch die Scientific Literacy der Teilnehmer*innen. Seit 2016 haben mehr als 13.000 Kinder und Jugendliche und mehr als 800 Lehrkräfte am Projekt teilgenommen. Im Rahmen der EU-Trio-Ratspräsidentschaft Deutschland-Portugal-Slowenien soll das Projekt auf Portugal und Slowenien ausgeweitet werden. Insgesamt sollen drei Probennahme-Zeiträume parallel in den drei Ländern durchgeführt werden (Herbst 2020, Frühjahr 2021, Herbst 2021). Das beantragte Vorhaben koordiniert die Probennahme in Deutschland. Ziele der Durchführung sind die Erhebung wissenschaftlicher Daten zur Müllverschmutzung von Flüssen, eine Steigerung des Verständnisses zu den Ursachen und Auswirkungen von Plastikmüllverschmutzung bei den Teilnehmer*innen. Partizipationsmöglichkeiten werden durch die Durchführung von Lehrerfortbildungen aufgezeigt. Umfragen unter interessierten Lehrkräften sollen das Projekt bewerten und zukünftig verbessern.

Performance of Scientific Services on the ELV Recycling in Europe

Das Projekt "Performance of Scientific Services on the ELV Recycling in Europe" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Öko-Institut. Institut für angewandte Ökologie e.V. durchgeführt.

Wissenschaftliche Vorbereitung und Durchführung der Konferenz SHC 2013, International Conference on Solar Heating and Cooling for Buildings and Industry

Das Projekt "Wissenschaftliche Vorbereitung und Durchführung der Konferenz SHC 2013, International Conference on Solar Heating and Cooling for Buildings and Industry" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von PSE AG durchgeführt. SHC 2013 ist die zweite Konferenz einer neuen Reihe wissenschaftlicher Konferenzen zum Thema Solares Heizen und Kühlen, die von dem Programm 'Solar Heating and Cooling' der International Energy Agency (IEA) veranstaltet wird. Die Auftaktveranstaltung war im Juli 2012 in San Francisco, im September 2013 wird sie in Freiburg stattfinden. Die Konferenz wird zukünftig jährlich stattfinden und alle zwei Jahre nach Europa kommen. Wir erwarten 2013 in Freiburg etwa 500 internationale Teilnehmer. Es ist unser besonderes Anliegen, die wissenschaftliche Exzellenz der Konferenz weiter auszubauen, um sich so von anderen Veranstaltungen auf diesem Gebiet abzuheben. Der Scientific Chair Dr. Hans-Martin Henning, stellvertretender Institutsleiter des Fraunhofer ISE, steht für die wissenschaftliche Qualität der Veranstaltung. Um einen möglichst guten Austausch zwischen Wissenschaft und Industrie herzustellen wurde Herr Xavier Noyon, der Geschäftsführer von ESTIF, als Industry Chair berufen. Die beiden Konferenzleiter werden in allen inhaltlichen und organisatorischen Belangen durch die PSE AG unterstützt. Gegenstand dieses Förderantrags sind alle inhaltlichen Aspekte, d.h. der Abstract Review, die Programmplanung, das Paper Management mit dem Paper Review bis zum Editieren der Proceedings. Auch alle organisatorischen Belange der Konferenz werden durch die PSE abgedeckt, das ist aber nicht Gegenstand dieses Förderantrags.

DOAS Messungen von der NASA Global Hawk während des NASA-ATTREX Projektes

Das Projekt "DOAS Messungen von der NASA Global Hawk während des NASA-ATTREX Projektes" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Heidelberg, Institut für Umweltphysik durchgeführt. The present project addresses differential optical absorption spectrometry (DOAS) measurements in scanning limb geometry from aboard the unmanned high-flying aircraft NASA Global Hawk (GH). The DOAS measurements are made within the NASA sponsored ATTREX (Airborne Tropical TRopopause EXperiment) project, by a 3 channel (UV/vis/nearer) optical spectrometer financed by NASA, but mostly built in Heidelberg. In fall 2011 and winter 2012/13 successful flights were already successfully performed and the DOAS instrument peformed. Within ATTREX three field campaigns are planned to take place in the Western Pacific (from EAFB, GUAM, and Darwin) in the years 2013 to 2014 (Jan./Feb. 2013, Jan./Feb. 2014 and June/July 2014). The field campaigns comprise about 50 GH sorties with 600 flight hours spent air-borne. Major scientific foci of the NASA-ATTREX project are the photochemistry, the microphysics of aerosols and cloud particles, and air mass transport into and within the tropical tropopause layer (TTL). The DOAS measurements aim to measure the vertical profiles in the TTL of ozone relevant species such as O3, HONO, NO2, C2H2O2, CH2O, O4, BrO, OClO, IO, and OIO, and of some microphysical properties aerosols and clouds, i.e., the particle phase function, Mie scattering extinction coefficient, the ice water path (IWP) and probably the ice water content (IWC). Together with complementary observations made by other instruments aboard the GH, the DOAS measurements may serve to particularily provide new insights into (a) the photochemistry of halogen oxides (OClO, BrO and IO) in the TTL, in particular on the contribution of so called halogenated Very Short Lived Species (VSLS) to the budgets of stratospheric halogens, (b) the impact of lightning produced NOx and HOx (NO2, and HONO) and other of radicals (c.f. CH2O, BrO, IO) to the oxidation capacity of air in the outflow region of deep convection, and (c) to the abundance and micro-physical properties of frozen aerosols and cloud particles in the upper tropical troposphere and TTL.

Soil Erosion Control and Ecological Restoration on the Loess Plateau of Shaanxi Province, P.R. China

Das Projekt "Soil Erosion Control and Ecological Restoration on the Loess Plateau of Shaanxi Province, P.R. China" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Technische Universität München, Fachgebiet Geobotanik durchgeführt. The Central Loess Plateau of north-western China is well known for its massive soil erosion which has emerged as one of the major environmental problems in China. It is reported that about 90 percent of the silt load washed into the Yellow River every year is generated from this area, which accounts for only about 40 percent of the total area of the Yellow River Basin. In addition to soil erosion and severe ecological degradation the region is considered to be one of the least developed and poorest regions in China. Incomes of the local population range already below the national average and continued degradation of farmland and water resources can only further deteriorate local living standards and ecological conditions. The Central Government of China has given high priority to a stable growth in the agricultural sector of the region but has also recognized that one important option to reduce soil erosion besides implementing improved farming techniques is to implement large scale restoration programmes of natural vegetation. However, current activities such as the development of fruit tree plantations and mono-species afforestation might only be of limited use in this regard. In 1999 a joint Sino-German research project between the Technische Universitaet Muenchen (TUM) and the Northwest Science and Technology University of Agriculture and Forestry (NWUF) of Yangling was initiated. The overall goal of this project is two-fold: One objective is to consolidate knowledge on remnant natural forests in the Loess Plateau Region and to explore if remaining local vegetation types can be used as guidance for larger-scale restoration in areas where original vegetation has been destroyed completely. The second component of the project is designed to generate reliable scientific data on how soil and farmland conservation can be integrated into agricultural development by using remote sensing technologies.

Barley dwarfs acting big in agronomy. Identification of genes and characterization of proteins involved in dwarfism, lodging resistance and crop yield

Das Projekt "Barley dwarfs acting big in agronomy. Identification of genes and characterization of proteins involved in dwarfism, lodging resistance and crop yield" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft durchgeführt. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is an important cereal grain which serves as major animal fodder crop as well as basis for malt beverages or staple food. Currently barley is ranked fourth in terms of quantity of cereal crops produced worldwide. In times of a constantly growing world population in conjunction with an unforeseeable climate change and groundwater depletion, the accumulation of knowledge concerning cereal growth and rate of yield gain is important. The Nordic Genetic Resource Center holds a major collection of barley mutants produced by irradiation or chemical treatment. One phenotypic group of barley varieties are dwarf mutants (erectoides, brachytic, semidwarf, uzu). They are characterized by a compact spike and high rate of yield while the straw is short and stiff, enhancing the lodging resistance of the plant. Obviously they are of applied interest, but they are also of scientific interest as virtually nothing is known about the genes behind the development of plant dwarfism. The aim of this project is to identify and isolate the genes carrying the mutations by using state of the art techniques for gene cloning at the Carlsberg Laboratory. The identified genes will be connected with the mutant phenotype to reveal the gene function in general. One or two genes will be overexpressed and the resulting recombinant proteins will be biochemically and structurally characterized. The insights how the mutation effects the protein will display the protein function in particular. Identified genes and their mutant alleles will be tested in the barley breeding program of the Carlsberg brewery.

AIR4EU: Air Quality Assessment for Europe - from Local to Continental Scale

Das Projekt "AIR4EU: Air Quality Assessment for Europe - from Local to Continental Scale" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Energiewirtschaft und Rationelle Energieanwendung durchgeführt. AIR4EU addresses the needs for policy-orientated research on integrated air quality (AQ) assessment by monitoring methods and modelling at different temporal and spatial scales for regulated components in Europe: PM10 (and PM2.5), NO2, CO, SO2, O3 and benzene. Policy support on AQ assessment has been recognised a priority issue within the 'Clean Air for Europe-CAFE' programme. There are a wide variety of AQ assessment methods based upon monitoring and modelling, but these methods depend on the spatial and temporal scales, and are often not or only partially compatible. Consequently, there is a need for scientific sound and practical recommendations on how to integrate monitoring and modelling methods into internally consistent, comprehensive and cost-effective assessment methods. The aim of AIR4EU is to provide recommendations on AQ assessment for different temporal and spatial scales: ranging from hourly to annual and from 'hotspot'/street to continental scale. Case studies are implemented with partners in Paris, Berlin, Prague, London, Athens, Rotterdam and Oslo, to test and further develop the recommendations. AIR4EU will also prepare AQ maps at different scales in Europe based upon available data sets (monitoring, meteorology and emissions) and the recommended methods. The cooperation of European top-scientists from six member states representing four universities, two research institutes and eight user-partners will support the establishment of the European Research Area. AIR4EU will co-operate with on-going relevant projects (e.g. ENV-e-CITY; OSCAR; CLEAR; MERLIN) and networks (e.g. INTEGAIRE, CITY-Delta; POLIS), and specific liaison will be established with the CAFE programme. AIR4EU will disseminate its results by a Website and through Newsletters and Workshops to the scientific community, environmental authorities, policy makers and other stakeholders in AQ in Europe. Prime Contractor: Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek - TNO; Delft; Netherlands.

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