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Pegel Denn (Messstellen-Nr: 2718070900)

'Pegel: Denn / Gewässer: Kesselinger Bach' ist eine Pegel-Messstelle und dient zur Überwachung von Oberflächengewässern in Rheinland-Pfalz. Die Pegelmessstelle Denn (ID: 418) befindet sich am Gewässer Staffelerbach im Flusseinzugsgebiet Ahr. Die Messstelle dient zur Messung des Wasserstands. Weiterhin wird der Abfluss an der Messstelle gemessen.

Indikator: Nationaler Wohlfahrtsindex

<p> Die wichtigsten Fakten <ul> <li>Das Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) ist ein Maß für die Wirtschaftsleistung einer Volkswirtschaft. Es spiegelt jedoch nicht die gesellschaftliche Wohlfahrt wider.</li> <li>Der Nationale Wohlfahrtsindex (NWI) berücksichtigt insgesamt 21 wohlfahrtsstiftende und wohlfahrtsmindernde Aktivitäten.</li> <li>Der NWI zeigt einen anderen Verlauf als das BIP. Er schwankt phasenweise. In den letzten Jahren ist ein Zuwachs erkennbar.</li> </ul> </p><p> Welche Bedeutung hat der Indikator? <p>Das BIP bildet die wirtschaftliche Leistung einer Volkswirtschaft ab und ist als international vergleichbare statistische Kenngröße anerkannt. Jedoch ist das BIP alleine als Maß für die gesellschaftliche Wohlfahrt nicht geeignet. Wichtige Kritikpunkte sind: Das BIP berücksichtigt nicht die Verteilung des Einkommens sowie ehrenamtliche Tätigkeiten und Hausarbeit. Das BIP erfasst keine Folgekosten durch Umweltschäden. Eine Verringerung des Naturkapitals wird daher nicht abgebildet. Sogenannte Defensivausgaben zur Bekämpfung von Kriminalität, Drogenkonsum oder die Folgekosten von Verkehrsunfällen oder Naturkatastrophen wirken sich tendenziell sogar positiv auf das BIP aus.</p> <p>Mit dem NWI wurde ein <a href="https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/service/glossar/indikator">Indikator</a> entwickelt, der diese Kritikpunkte berücksichtigt. Ausgehend von den Konsumausgaben enthält der NWI Zu- und Abschläge, je nachdem ob es sich um wohlfahrtssteigernde oder wohlfahrtsmindernde Kategorien handelt. Zunehmende Ungleichverteilung verringert den Wert des Index. Umweltkosten und Verbrauch nicht erneuerbarer Ressourcen sind Beispiele für negative Kategorien, Ehrenamt und Hausarbeit für positive Kategorien. Der NWI kommt auch in den Bundesländern zunehmend zum Einsatz.</p> </p><p> Wie ist die Entwicklung zu bewerten? <p>Die Entwicklung des NWI seit 1991 zeigt unterschiedliche Phasen. Bis 1999 ist parallel zum BIP eine kontinuierliche Steigerung zu beobachten. Danach zeigt sich eine Schere: Während das BIP weiter steigt, sinkt der NWI. Ursache war vor allem die zunehmende Einkommensungleichheit. Von 2005 bis 2013 zeigten sich kaum Schwankungen beim Wohlfahrtsindex. Ab 2014 entwickelte sich der NWI positiv. Die Konsumausgaben stiegen, die Ungleichheit stagnierte und die Umweltkosten nahmen leicht ab. Im Pandemiejahr sind jedoch sowohl das BIP als auch der NWI abrupt gefallen. Während sich das BIP 2021 erholte, sorgte insbesondere die Flutkatastrophe an Ahr und Erft für ein weiteres Absinken des NWI. 2022 kam es zu einem starken Anstieg, durch die ansteigenden Konsumausgaben (auch wegen der Entlastungspakete), durch Energieeinsparungen und geringere Schäden durch Naturkatastrophen im Vergleich zum Vorjahr.</p> <p>In 2023 und 2024 stieg der NWI an. Es gab einen weiteren Rückgang der Umweltbelastungen, insbesondere durch zurückgehende Energieverbräuche und den Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien und die damit verbundenen geringeren Emissionen. Auch beim Konsum gab es leichte Zugewinne. Erste Schätzungen der Entwicklungen im ersten Halbjahr zeigen für 2025 einen weiteren Anstieg des Konsums. Allerdings steigt auch der Energieverbrauch und die damit verbundenen negativen Umweltwirkungen. Insgesamt erscheint eine leichte Erhöhung des NWI wahrscheinlich. Weitere Informationen findet man in einer <a href="https://www.imk-boeckler.de/de/faust-detail.htm?produkt=HBS-009291">detaillierten aktuellen Auswertung des NWI</a>.</p> </p><p> Wie wird der Indikator berechnet? <p>Der NWI stellt die Summe von 21 monetär bewerteten Komponenten dar. Der größte Posten ist der mit der Einkommensverteilung (Gini-Index) gewichtete private Konsum. Darüber hinaus fließen weitere wohlfahrtssteigernde Komponenten wie Hausarbeit, ehrenamtliche Tätigkeiten und Ausgaben für Bildung und Gesundheit positiv in den NWI ein. Wohlfahrtsmindernd wirken sich z.B. Kosten für verschiedene Umweltschäden oder auch Kriminalität aus. Eine ausführliche Beschreibung der Berechnungsweise findet sich in <a href="https://www.imk-boeckler.de/fpdf/HBS-008250/p_imk_study_78_2022.pdf">NWI 3.0 Methodenbericht Nationaler Wohlfahrtsindex 3.0</a>. Auf der <a href="https://www.fest-heidelberg.de/forschung/nachhaltige-entwicklung/forschungsfelder/wohlfahrts-und-nachhaltigkeitsmessung/wohlfahrtsindizes-nwi-rwi/">Forschungsstätte der Evangelischen Studiengemeinschaft</a> findet sich eine umfangreiche und aktuell gehaltene Liste von Veröffentlichungen zum NWI und zu Regionalen Wohlfahrtsindizes verschiedener Bundesländer.</p> </p><p> </p><p>Informationen für...</p>

Pegel Müsch 2 (Messstellen-Nr: 2718009400)

'Pegel: Müsch 2 / Gewässer: Ahr' ist eine Pegel-Messstelle und dient zur Überwachung von Oberflächengewässern in Rheinland-Pfalz. Die Pegelmessstelle Müsch 2 (ID: 613) befindet sich am Gewässer Ahr im Flusseinzugsgebiet Ahr. Die Messstelle dient zur Messung des Wasserstands.

AVHRR - Sea Surface Temperature (SST) - Europe

The AVHRR Mulitchannel Sea Surface Temperature Map (MCSST) was the first result of DLR's AVHRR pathfinder activities. The goal of the product is to provide the user with actual Sea Surface Temperature (SST) maps in a defined format easy to access with the highest possible reliability on the thematic quality. After a phase of definition, the operational production chain was launched in March 1993 covering the entire Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. Since then, daily, weekly, and monthly data sets have been available until September 13, 1994, when the AVHRR on board the NOAA-11 spacecraft failed. The production of daily, weekly and monthly SST maps was resumed in February, 1995, based on NOAA-14 AVHRR data. The NOAA-14 AVHRR sensor became some technical difficulties, so the generation was stopped on October 3, 2001. Since March 2002, NOAA-16 AVHRR SST maps are available again. With the beginning of January 2004, the data of AVHRR on board of NOAA-16 exhibited some anormal features showing strips in the scenes. Facing the “bar coded” images of NOAA16-AVHRR which occurred first in September 2003, continued in January 2004 for the second time and appeared in April 2004 again, DFD has decided to stop the reception of NOAA16 data on April 6th, 2004, and to start the reception of NOAA-17 data on this day. On April 7th, 2004, the production of all former NOAA16-AVHRR products as e.g. the SST composites was successully established. NOAA-17 is an AM sensor which passes central Europe about 2 hours earlier than NOAA-16 (about 10:00 UTC instead of 12:00 UTC for NOAA-16). In spring 2007, the communication system of NOAA-17 has degraded or is operating with limitations. Therefore, DFD has decided to shift the production of higher level products (NDVI, LST and SST) from NOAA-17 to NOAA-18 in April 2007. In order to test the performance of our processing chains, we processed simultaneously all NOAA-17 and NOAA-18 data from January 1st, 2007 till March 29th, 2007. All products are be available via EOWEB. Please remember that NOAA-18 is a PM sensor which passes central Europe about 1.5 hours later than NOAA-17 (about 11:30 UTC instead of 10:00 UTC for NOAA17). The SST product is intended for climate modelers, oceanographers, and all geo science-related disciplines dealing with ocean surface parameters. In addition, SST maps covering the North Atlantic, the Baltic Sea, the North Sea and the Western Atlantic equivalent to the Mediterranean MCSST maps are available since August 1994. The most important aspects of the MCSST maps are a) correct image registration and b) reasonable cloud screening to ensure that only cloud free pixels are taken for the later processing and compositing c) for deriving MCSST, only channel 4 and 5 are used.. The SST product consists of one 8 bit channel. For additional information, please see: https://wdc.dlr.de/sensors/avhrr/

AVHRR - Land Surface Temperature (LST) - Europe, Nighttime

The "Land Surface Temperature derived from NOAA-AVHRR data (LST_AVHRR)" is a fixed grid map (in stereographic projection) with a spatial resolution of 1.1 km. The total size covering Europe is 4100 samples by 4300 lines. Within 24 hours of acquiring data from the satellite, day-time and night-time LSTs are calculated. In general, the products utilise data from all six of the passes that the satellite makes over Europe in each 24 hour period. For the daily day-time LST maps, the compositing criterion for the three day-time passes is maximum NDVI value and for daily night-time LST maps, the criterion is the maximum night-time LST value of the three night-time passes. Weekly and monthly day-time or night-time LST composite products are also produced by averaging daily day-time or daily night-time LST values, respectively. The range of LST values is scaled between –39.5°C and +87°C with a radiometric resolution of 0.5°C. A value of –40°C is used for water. Clouds are masked out as bad values. For additional information, please see: https://wdc.dlr.de/sensors/avhrr/

2D-ERT data measured in October 2022 in the Ahr floodplain at Mayschoß, Rhineland-Palatinate (Germany)

The Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) data were acquired by using a PC controlled DC resistivity meter system (RESECS, GeoServe, Kiel, Germany) in October 2022. We measured a total of four transects with an electrode spacing 1 m. Transect 1 has a total length of 255 m, transect 2 a total length of 207 m, transect 3 a total length of 136 m and transect 4 a total length of 158 m. For all transects we applied a Wenner alpha and Dipole-Dipole configuration. The coordinates and the height of the electrodes were measured with a Differential-GPS (Leica GPS1200). Further information on the measurement setup and data structure can be found in the explanation of the specific ERT transects.

Electromagnetic induction measurements with the vertically oriented dipole of the CMD Explorer (282 cm transmitter-receiver spacing) taken in the Ahr floodplain at Mayschoß, Rhineland-Palatinate (Germany)

Electromagnetic induction (EMI) was measured with a CMD-Mini Explorer and a CMD Explorer (both GF Instruments s.r.o., Brno, Czech Republic) in June 2022. We used the vertical dipole (VDP) at coil spacings of 0.32 m (VDP1, CMD Mini Explorer), 0.71 m (VDP2, CMD Mini Explorer), 1.18 m (VDP3, CMD Mini Explorer), 1.48 m (VDP4, CMD Explorer), 2.82 m (VDP5, CMD Explorer) and 4.49 m (VDP6, CMD Explorer). With the existing coil spacings, effective penetration depths of 0.5 m (VDP1), 1.0 m (VDP2) and 1.8 m (VDP3) for the CMD Mini Explorer and 2.2 m (VDP4), 4.2 m (VDP5) and 6.7 m (VDP6) for the CMD Explorer could be achieved. According to the manufacturer, 70 % of the signal originate from above these depths. The EMI sensors measured the apparent electrical conductivity (ECa, in mS/m). Measurements were taken by carrying the instrument about 0.2 m (CMD Mini Explorer) respectively 0.9 m (CMD Explorer) above the ground while being directly connected to Differential -GPS (Leica GPS1200) for positioning. The acquisition rate was five measurements per second. Data quality was checked by measuring a reference line before and after each measurement. The maximum offset of the EMI values between the two time points was 1.2 mS/m. A correction of the data was not necessary. We removed the reference lines and single outliers. In addition, two interference areas were removed from all EMI data sets. (1) a L-shapped area, running from north to the center and then to east, in which an underground power cable runs. (2) an area on the north-eastern part of the measurement area. Information on the location and extent of the removed interference areas can be found in the enclosed explanation of the EMI measurements. The data set contains the EMI data with an intercoil spacing of 2.82 m (VDP5, CMD Explorer).

Electromagnetic induction measurements with the vertically oriented dipole of the CMD Explorer (148 cm transmitter-receiver spacing) taken in the Ahr floodplain at Mayschoß, Rhineland-Palatinate (Germany)

Electromagnetic induction (EMI) was measured with a CMD-Mini Explorer and a CMD Explorer (both GF Instruments s.r.o., Brno, Czech Republic) in June 2022. We used the vertical dipole (VDP) at coil spacings of 0.32 m (VDP1, CMD Mini Explorer), 0.71 m (VDP2, CMD Mini Explorer), 1.18 m (VDP3, CMD Mini Explorer), 1.48 m (VDP4, CMD Explorer), 2.82 m (VDP5, CMD Explorer) and 4.49 m (VDP6, CMD Explorer). With the existing coil spacings, effective penetration depths of 0.5 m (VDP1), 1.0 m (VDP2) and 1.8 m (VDP3) for the CMD Mini Explorer and 2.2 m (VDP4), 4.2 m (VDP5) and 6.7 m (VDP6) for the CMD Explorer could be achieved. According to the manufacturer, 70 % of the signal originate from above these depths. The EMI sensors measured the apparent electrical conductivity (ECa, in mS/m). Measurements were taken by carrying the instrument about 0.2 m (CMD Mini Explorer) respectively 0.9 m (CMD Explorer) above the ground while being directly connected to Differential -GPS (Leica GPS1200) for positioning. The acquisition rate was five measurements per second. Data quality was checked by measuring a reference line before and after each measurement. The maximum offset of the EMI values between the two time points was 1.2 mS/m. A correction of the data was not necessary. We removed the reference lines and single outliers. In addition, two interference areas were removed from all EMI data sets. (1) a L-shapped area, running from north to the center and then to east, in which an underground power cable runs. (2) an area on the north-eastern part of the measurement area. Information on the location and extent of the removed interference areas can be found in the enclosed explanation of the EMI measurements. The data set contains the EMI data with an intercoil spacing of 1.48 m (VDP4, CMD Explorer).

Electromagnetic induction measurements with the vertically oriented dipole of the CMD Explorer (449 cm transmitter-receiver spacing) taken in the Ahr floodplain at Mayschoß, Rhineland-Palatinate (Germany)

Electromagnetic induction (EMI) was measured with a CMD-Mini Explorer and a CMD Explorer (both GF Instruments s.r.o., Brno, Czech Republic) in June 2022. We used the vertical dipole (VDP) at coil spacings of 0.32 m (VDP1, CMD Mini Explorer), 0.71 m (VDP2, CMD Mini Explorer), 1.18 m (VDP3, CMD Mini Explorer), 1.48 m (VDP4, CMD Explorer), 2.82 m (VDP5, CMD Explorer) and 4.49 m (VDP6, CMD Explorer). With the existing coil spacings, effective penetration depths of 0.5 m (VDP1), 1.0 m (VDP2) and 1.8 m (VDP3) for the CMD Mini Explorer and 2.2 m (VDP4), 4.2 m (VDP5) and 6.7 m (VDP6) for the CMD Explorer could be achieved. According to the manufacturer, 70 % of the signal originate from above these depths. The EMI sensors measured the apparent electrical conductivity (ECa, in mS/m). Measurements were taken by carrying the instrument about 0.2 m (CMD Mini Explorer) respectively 0.9 m (CMD Explorer) above the ground while being directly connected to Differential -GPS (Leica GPS1200) for positioning. The acquisition rate was five measurements per second. Data quality was checked by measuring a reference line before and after each measurement. The maximum offset of the EMI values between the two time points was 1.2 mS/m. A correction of the data was not necessary. We removed the reference lines and single outliers. In addition, two interference areas were removed from all EMI data sets. (1) a L-shapped area, running from north to the center and then to east, in which an underground power cable runs. (2) an area on the north-eastern part of the measurement area. Information on the location and extent of the removed interference areas can be found in the enclosed explanation of the EMI measurements. The data set contains the EMI data with an intercoil spacing of 4.49 m (VDP6, CMD Explorer).

Electromagnetic induction measurements with the vertically oriented dipole of the CMD Mini Explorer (71 cm transmitter-receiver spacing) taken in the Ahr floodplain at Mayschoß, Rhineland-Palatinate (Germany)

Electromagnetic induction (EMI) was measured with a CMD-Mini Explorer and a CMD Explorer (both GF Instruments s.r.o., Brno, Czech Republic) in June 2022. We used the vertical dipole (VDP) at coil spacings of 0.32 m (VDP1, CMD Mini Explorer), 0.71 m (VDP2, CMD Mini Explorer), 1.18 m (VDP3, CMD Mini Explorer), 1.48 m (VDP4, CMD Explorer), 2.82 m (VDP5, CMD Explorer) and 4.49 m (VDP6, CMD Explorer). With the existing coil spacings, effective penetration depths of 0.5 m (VDP1), 1.0 m (VDP2) and 1.8 m (VDP3) for the CMD Mini Explorer and 2.2 m (VDP4), 4.2 m (VDP5) and 6.7 m (VDP6) for the CMD Explorer could be achieved. According to the manufacturer, 70 % of the signal originate from above these depths. The EMI sensors measured the apparent electrical conductivity (ECa, in mS/m). Measurements were taken by carrying the instrument about 0.2 m (CMD Mini Explorer) respectively 0.9 m (CMD Explorer) above the ground while being directly connected to Differential -GPS (Leica GPS1200) for positioning. The acquisition rate was five measurements per second. Data quality was checked by measuring a reference line before and after each measurement. The maximum offset of the EMI values between the two time points was 1.2 mS/m. A correction of the data was not necessary. We removed the reference lines and single outliers. In addition, two interference areas were removed from all EMI data sets. (1) a L-shapped area, running from north to the center and then to east, in which an underground power cable runs. (2) an area on the north-eastern part of the measurement area. Information on the location and extent of the removed interference areas can be found in the enclosed explanation of the EMI measurements. The data set contains the EMI data with an intercoil spacing of 0.71 m (VDP2, CMD Mini Explorer).

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