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Clay and heavy minerals and total organic carbon in Arctic Ocean surface sediments – Data tables to distribution maps of Stein (2008)

Total organic carbon (TOC) and mineral assemblages are key data sets determined to characterize marine sediments in terms of sediment provenances, processes, and depositional environments. In a comprehensive review and synthesis (Stein, 2008), such data were compiled for Arctic Ocean surface sediments and shown in nine selected distribution maps: four maps of clay minerals (illite, smectite, chlorite, and kaolinite), four maps of heavy minerals (amphibole, clinopyroxene, epidote, and garnet), and one TOC map. The data used to produce these maps, are represented in the three tables of this data report. For details in background information and methodology see primary source literature cited here as well as the Stein (2008) synthesis.

Forschergruppe (FOR) 1740: Ein neuer Ansatz für verbesserte Abschätzungen des atlantischen Frischwasserhaushalts und von Frischwassertransporten als Teil des globalen Wasserkreislaufs, Variation of the fresh water in the western Nordic Seas

The goal of this project is to capture and analyse fluctuations of the fresh water in the western Nordic Seas and to understand the related processes. The East Greenland Current in the Nordic Seas constitutes an important conduit for fresh water exiting the Arctic Ocean towards the North Atlantic. The Arctic Ocean receives huge amounts of fresh water by continental runoff and by import from the Pacific Ocean. Within the Arctic Ocean fresh water is concentrated at the surface through sea ice formation. The East Greenland Current carries this fresh water in variable fractions as sea ice and in liquid form; part of it enters the central Nordic Seas, via branching of the current and through eddies. It controls the intensity of deep water formation and dilutes the water masses which result from convection. The last decades showed significant changes of the fresh water yield and distribution in the Nordic Seas and such anomalies were found to circulate through the North Atlantic. In this project the fresh water inventory, its spatial distribution and its pathways between the East Greenland Current and the interior Greenland and Icelandic seas shall be captured by autonomous glider missions. The new measurements and existing data will, in combination with the modeling work of the research group, serve as basis for understanding the causes of the fresh water variability and their consequences for the North Atlantic circulation and deep water formation.

Zeitlich hochauflösende Klimarekonstruktion für das Spätquartär mittels Sedimentologie und Isotopengeochemie - vergleichende Untersuchungen in der Arktis und Antarktis

Ziel dieses Projektes ist eine vergleichende, zeitlich hochauflösende Rekonstruktion der Klimaentwicklung im Spätquartär im Bereich der Framstraße (Arktis) und des Riiser-Larsen Meeres (Antarktis). Mit Hilfe von Korngrößenanalysen und Sm-Nd-Isotopendaten, sollen klimagesteuerte Veränderungen in der Geschwindigkeit von Bodenströmungen, sowie der Provenienzen, Transportwege und -mechanismen der Sedimente ermittelt werden. Von großer Bedeutung ist die Unterscheidung zwischen strömungs- und eistransportiertem Sediment. Darauf aufbauend untersuchen wir die Kopplung zwischen thermohalinen Prozessen im Nordatlantik/Europäischen Nordmeer und dem Arktischem Ozean. Im RiiserLarsen Meer soll untersucht werden, ob ein Rinnensystem auf dem Kontinentalhang dem klimagesteuerten Abfluss von auf dem Schelf gebildetem Bodenwasser dient. In diesem Zusammenhang wird auch eine mögliche Verschiebung des Weddellwirbels infolge klimatischer Einflüsse untersucht. Im Vordergrund der Arbeiten stehen die Untersuchung von kontemporären Klimaphasen in der Nord- und Südhemisphäre und die Reaktion des Atmoshäre-Eis-Meer Systems im bipolaren Vergleich.

Speläotheme aus der Sibirischen Arktis: Einzigartige Archive vergangener Temperatur- und Feuchtebedingungen während des späten Miozäns.

Der Beginn der nordhemisphärischen Vereisung und die Entwicklung kontinuierlichen Permafrostes in Eurasien zwischen dem Ende des Miozäns und dem frühen Pleistozän zählt zu den bedeutendsten klimatischen Ereignissen des Känozoikums. Der Zeitpunkt extensiver Vereisung auf den Kontinenten und des Arktischen Ozeans und damit verbundene Veränderungen der klimatischen Bedingungen bleibt bislang ungenau bestimmt.Speläotheme (sekundäre Höhlenkarbonate) stellen ein wichtiges Archiv kontinentaler Umweltbedingungen dar, welches durch besonders genaue radiometrische Altersmodelle für eine grosse Bandbreite an Paläoklimaproxies charakterisiert ist.Wir konnten erfolgreich diagenetisch unveränderte und datierbare Proben aus Zentral- und Nordsibirien identifizieren und schlagen eine Multi-proxy-Studie an U/Pb-datierten Stalagmiten vor. Diese Studie wird Einblicke in die thermalen und hydrologischen Bedingungen zwischen 10.3 Ma und 8 Ma liefern. Wasser aus in den Speläothemen eingeschlossenen Fluidinklusionen wird auf seine Isotopenzusammensetzung hin untersucht. Zudem wird die in den Speläothemen beobachtete Lamination genutzt, um die Saisonalität während des Torton und Messiniums zu rekonstruieren. Wir suchen finanzielle Unterstützung für die parallele Analyse der Isotopie des Fluidinklusionswassers, der Sauerstoff- und Kohlenstoffisotopie des Karbonates, und der Elementkonzentration in den Speläothemen. Diese Kombination geochemischer Methoden wird Einblicke in regionale Umweltbedingungen, die Niederschlagshistorie und Temperaturen während des Miozäns und vor der Entwicklung kontinuierlichen Permafrostes geben. Zusätzliche Proben werden genutzt, um den Wechsel vom eisfreien zu einem durch Permafrost charakterisierten Sibirien zeitlich genauer einzugrenzen.Das vorgeschlagene Projekt wird unser Wissen zur atmosphärischen Zirkulation, und daran geknüpfter Veränderungen des Feuchte- und Temperaturregimes während eines saisonal eisfreien Arktischen Ozeans erweitern.

ICEFLUX allometric measurements of polar zooplankton and fish

This dataset summarizes allometric measurements on zooplankton and nekton species performed in the framework of the Dutch and German ICEFLUX projects. Measurements were performed on 639 individuals of 15 species from the Southern Ocean and 2374 individuals of 14 species from the Arctic Ocean, including euphausiids, fish, pelagic and ice-associated amphipods, cnidarians, salps, siphonophores, chaetognaths and a copepod. Animals were collected during three expeditions in the Southern Ocean (winter and summer) and three expeditions in the Arctic Ocean (spring and summer). In addition to measurements on length and mass, the sizes of body parts were measured, such as carapaces, eyes, heads, telsons, tails and otoliths.

Surface seawater carbonate chemistry, nutrients and phytoplankton community composition on a transect between North Sea and Arctic Ocean, 2008

This data was collected during the 'ICE CHASER' cruise from the southern North Sea to the Arctic (Svalbard) in July-Aug 2008. This data consists of coccolithophore abundance, calcification and primary production rates, carbonate chemistry parameters and ancillary data of macronutrients, chlorophyll-a, average mixed layer irradiance, daily irradiance above the sea surface, euphotic and mixed layer depth, temperature and salinity.

Algivorous Cercozoa shape the community composition of cryptogamic covers, the dominant vegetation in Polar Regions

Soil algae are the most important primary producers where vascular plants are absent, as in the Arctic and Antarctica. They give rise to species-rich microbial food webs in biological soil crusts (biocrusts). The terrestrial snow- and ice-free areas are in permanent expansion as glaciers retreat, leaving behind extensive areas of uncovered rock and new soil. Biocrusts stabilize the soil surface and have an important role in soil development. However, the microbial food webs and the nutrient and energy flow to higher trophic levels remain largely unexplored. Here, we characterized the microbial predator-prey dynamics of polar soils by combining molecular and traditional culturing techniques. Using high-throughput sequencing of environmental samples, we assessed the biodiversity and function of soil protists, applying a trait-based approach for acquiring and describing functional traits, i.e., the feeding behavior of heterotrophic protists in relation to microalgae. The study encompasses the analysis of biocrust samples of three polar regions. In the Arctic, one region was sampled - Svalbard in the Arctic Ocean (78°N) in July 2021. In Antarctica, two regions were studied, i.e. King George Island (62°S) in the South Shetland archipelago of Maritime Antarctica and the Thala Hills oasis in Enderby Land, East Antarctica (67°S), between January and March 2022.

Master tracks in different resolutions of POLARSTERN cruise PS122/5, Arctic Ocean - Bremerhaven, 2020-08-12 - 2020-10-12

Raw data acquired by position sensors on board RV Polarstern during expedition PS122_5 was processed to receive a validated master track which can be used as reference of further expedition data. During PS122_5 two Trimble Marine SPS461 GPS receivers and the iXBlue HYDRINS hydrographic survey inertial navigation system were used as navigation sensors. Data were downloaded from DAVIS SHIP data base (https://dship.o2a-data.de) with a resolution of 1 sec. Processing and evaluation of the data is outlined in the data processing report found at EPIC repository hdl:10013/epic.c87f9f33-baed-46f7-9fac-5f31409719bc. Processed data are provided as a master track with 1 sec resolution derived from the position sensors' data selected by priority and a generalized track with a reduced set of the most significant positions of the master track.

Marine Seismic Survey Profiles (MSSP) (WMS)

During the period from 1974 to 2018 various cruises from BGR acquired seismic lines worldwide. The aim of these marine expeditions was a detailed survey of the geological structure.

Multibeam bathymetry processed data (dataset compilation) of RV POLARSTERN & RV MARIA S. MERIAN during 44 cruises from 1984 to 2024, Fram Strait, Greenland Sea, Arctic Ocean

The Long-Term Ecological Research observatory HAUSGARTEN was established by the Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung in the Fram Strait in summer 1999 to detect and track the impact of large-scale environmental changes on the marine ecosystem in the transition zone between the northern North Atlantic and the central Arctic Ocean. In this area, bathymetric data have been recorded with multibeam echosounders during 44 research expeditions on RV Polarstern and RV Maria S. Merian since 1984. From these data, a digital elevation model was generated and geostatistical analyses were performed to calculate geospatial derivatives and quantitative terrain descriptors for subsequent terrain analyses and habitat mapping. The dataset covers an area from 78°N to 81°N and 6°W to 12°E. To create the data product, archive data was used from seven different multibeam echosounders in various raw data formats. This data has been processed and cleaned with CARIS HIPS & SIPS, including sound velocity correction for datasets from 1999 and newer. Older datasets are calculated with a static sound velocity of 1500 m/s. Soundings where exported for gridding with Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) nearneighbor. The resulting Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is in the WGS84/Arctic Polar Stereographic (EPSG:3995) projection with a cell size of 100m x 100m. The hillshade was computed with a combination of slope and synthetic illumination with a vertical exaggeration of 10. Slope inclination was calculated with GDAL tool Slope with the formula of Zevenbergen and Thorne (1987) in degree. Terrain Ruggedness Index (TRI) was computed with the QGIS tool Ruggedness index following the approach of Riley et al. (1999) in meters. For the Bathymetric Position Indices (BPI), focal statistics have been calculated with the GRASS tool "r.neighbors" and the QGIS raster calculator following the concept of the Topographic Position Index (Weiss, 2001) with a circular reference area of 99 cells (broad) and 9 cells (fine). The additional coverage polygon layer gives and overview on the used datasets and their corresponding metadata. The map gives an overview on the LTER HAUSGARTEN area and the HAUSGARTEN 2024 DEM.

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