Mikroorganismen sind im Boden, in kryptogamen Gemeinschaften und in der Atmosphäre von zentraler Bedeutung. Verschiedene Spezies von Bakterien, Pilzen, Flechten und Pollen wurden bereits als Eiskeime, welche eine Eisbildung bei relativ hohen Temperaturen initiieren können, identifiziert, und besonders biologische Bestandteile aus dem Boden sind eine vermutlich bedeutsame Quelle atmosphärischer Eiskeime. Die genauen Quellen biologischer Eiskeime in der Atmosphäre sind jedoch kaum bekannt, obwohl ein potentieller Beitrag dieser, zur Eis- und Niederschlagsbildung mittlerweile von verschiedenen Studien untermauert wird. Aktuelle Untersuchungen verschiedener Boden- und Luftproben zeigen Hinweise, dass verschiedene eisaktive Pilze unterschiedlicher Phyla nicht nur im Boden und in der Luft vorhanden sind, sondern auch häufig in der kultivierbaren Fraktion vorkommen können. Aus diesem Grund befasst sich das vorgeschlagene Projekt mit der Suche nach weiteren bisher unbekannten eisaktiven Mikroorganismen und Bestandteilen aus dem Boden, von Pflanzen und kryptogamen Gemeinschaften und mit der Erforschung ihres Einflusses auf die Eiskeimaktivität des Bodens. Die nötigen Methoden für ein Screening verschiedenster Kulturen z.B. von Cyanobakterien sind in unserem Labor gut etabliert. Zudem sollen die jeweiligen Eiskeime der neu gefundenen eisaktiven Organismen auf molekularer Ebene charakterisiert werden.
We are currently facing the urgent need to improve our understanding of carbon cycling in subsoils, because the organic carbon pool below 30 cm depth is considerably larger than that in the topsoil and a substantial part of the subsoil C pool appears to be much less recalcitrant than expected over the last decades. Therefore, small changes in environmental conditions could change not only carbon cycling in topsoils, but also in subsoils. While organic matter stabilization mechanisms and factors controlling its turnover are well understood in topsoils, the underlying mechanisms are not valid in subsoils due to depth dependent differences regarding (1) amounts and composition of C-pools and C-inputs, (2) aeration, moisture and temperature regimes, (3) relevance of specific soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilisation mechanisms and (4) spatial heterogeneity of physico-chemical and biological parameters. Due to very low C concentrations and high spatio-temporal variability of properties and processes, the investigation of subsoil phenomena and processes poses major methodological, instrumental and analytical challenges. This project will face these challenges with a transdisciplinary team of soil scientists applying innovative approaches and considering the magnitude, chemical and isotopic composition and 14C-content of all relevant C-flux components and C-fractions. Taking also the spatial and temporal variability into account, will allow us to understand the four-dimensional changes of C-cycling in this environment. The nine closely interlinked subprojects coordinated by the central project will combine field C-flux measurements with detailed analyses of subsoil properties and in-situ experiments at a central field site on a sandy soil near Hannover. The field measurements are supplemented by laboratory studies for the determination of factors controlling C stabilization and C turnover. Ultimately, the results generated by the subprojects and the data synthesized in the coordinating project will greatly enhance our knowledge and conceptual understanding of the processes and controlling factors of subsoil carbon turnover as a prerequisite for numerical modelling of C-dynamics in subsoils.
Bestandteile in Ensembles. Unterschutzstellung als Teil von Mehrheiten unbeweglicher Sachen, die aufgrund eines übergeordneten Bezugs Kulturdenkmäler sind, ohne dass jeder einzelne Bestandteil die Voraussetzungen des Satzes 1 erfüllen muss (Ensembles), wie Orts-, und Platzgefüge, Siedlungen oder Straßenzüge (§ 2 Absatz 2 Nr. 2 DSchG).
Dieser Darstellungsdienst (WMS) stellt Daten zum INSPIRE-Thema Schutzgebiete in der Freien Hansestadt Bremen (FHB) dar. Der Dienst umfasst die Einzeldenkmäler, die Ensembles und die Bestandteile in Ensembles. - Dieser Dienst ist in der Bearbeitung und zurzeit nicht funktionstüchtig. -
Ziel: The objective of our project is to investigate the impact of different natural and anthropogenic environmental and climatic parameters (CO2, ozone, UV-B, drought, nanoparticles, soil and airborne pollutants) on the potentiality for increases of allergenic components in Ragweed pollen. Methode: Acquisition of the complete transcriptome/proteome under constant and the different climatic parameters listed above will be carried out. In addition secondary metabolite analyses and electron microscopy will be performed. In addition secondary metabolite analyses and electron microscopy will be performed.
Ziel des Projektes ist eine Bestandsaufnahme der Wassermassenverteilung und der Zirkulation im Arktischen Ozean. Stabile Sauerstoffisotopen (delta18O) des Wassers ist ein konservativer Tracer und werden zusammen mit hydrochemischen Daten dazu verwendet das vom Schelf stammende Süßwasser (Flusswasser und Meereis-Schmelze oder Bildung) und die aus dem Pazifik stammende Komponente zu untersuchen. Auf diese Weise wird der Einfluss dieser Wassermassen in der arktischen Salzgehaltsschichtung (Halokline), dem Atlantischen Zwischenwasser und dem Tiefen- und Bodenwasser des Arktischen Ozeans quantifiziert werden. Es ist bekannt, dass die Verteilung der Pazifischen Komponente starken Veränderungen auf dekadischen Zeitskalen unterliegt aber auch in den Süßwasserverteilungen im Transpolaren Drift Strom wurden 2007 starke Variationen beobachtet welche somit auf zusätzliche jährliche Variationen hinweisen. Es ist nicht bekannt ob die 2007 beobachteten Variationen ein permanentes Phänomen sind und ob diese mit dem weitgehenden Fehlen des Pazifischen Wassers in diesem Zeitraum zusammenhängen. Die geplante flächendeckende und quantitative Erfassung der Süßwasserverteilung und des Pazifischen Wassers werden daher dazu beitragen, den Einfluss und die möglichen Rückkopplungsmechanismen der arktischen Hydrographie auf den arktischen und globalen Klimawandel weitergehend zu verstehen.
Water is an intrinsic component of ecosystems acting as a key agent of lateral transport for particulate and dissolved nutrients, forcing energy transfers, triggering erosion, and driving biodiversity patterns. Given the drastic impact of land use and climate change on any of these components and the vulnerability of Ecuadorian ecosystems with regard to this global change, indicators are required that not merely describe the structural condition of ecosystems, but rather capture the functional relations and processes. This project aims at investigating a set of such functional indicators from the fields of hydrology and biogeochemistry. In particular we will investigate (1) flow regime and timing, (2) nutrient cycling and flux rates, and (3) sediment fluxes as likely indicators. For assessing flow regime and timing we will concentrate on studying stable water isotopes to estimate mean transit time distributions that are likely to be impacted by changes in rainfall patterns and land use. Hysteresis loops of nitrate concentrations and calculated flux rates will be used as functional indicators for nutrient fluxes, most likely to be altered by changes in temperature as well as by land use and management. Finally, sediment fluxes will be measured to indicate surface runoff contribution to total discharge, mainly influenced by intensity of rainfall as well as land use. Monitoring of (1) will be based on intensive sampling campaigns of stable water isotopes in stream water and precipitation, while for (2) and (3) we plan to install automatic, high temporal-resolution field analytical instruments. Based on the data obtained by this intensive, bust cost effective monitoring, we will develop the functional indicators. This also provides a solid database for process-based model development. Models that are able to simulate these indicators are needed to enable projections into the future and to investigate the resilience of Ecuadorian landscape to global change. For the intended model set up we will couple the Catchment Modeling Framework, the biogeochemical LandscapeDNDC model and semi-empirical models for aquatic diversity. Global change scenarios will then be analyzed to capture the likely reaction of functional indicators. Finally, we will contribute to the written guidelines for developing a comprehensive monitoring program for biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Right from the beginning we will cooperate with four SENESCYT companion projects and three local non-university partners to ensure that the developed monitoring program will be appreciated by locals and stakeholders. Monitoring and modelling will focus on all three research areas in the Páramo (Cajas National Park), the dry forest (Reserva Laipuna) and the tropical montane cloud forest (Reserva Biologica San Francisco).
Subproject 3 will investigate the effect of shifting from continuously flooded rice cropping to crop rotation (including non-flooded systems) and diversified crops on the soil fauna communities and associated ecosystem functions. In both flooded and non-flooded systems, functional groups with a major impact on soil functions will be identified and their response to changing management regimes as well as their re-colonization capability after crop rotation will be quantified. Soil functions corresponding to specific functional groups, i.e. biogenic structural damage of the puddle layer, water loss and nutrient leaching, will be determined by correlating soil fauna data with soil service data of SP4, SP5 and SP7 and with data collected within this subproject (SP3). In addition to the field data acquired directly at the IRRI, microcosm experiments covering the broader range of environmental conditions expected under future climate conditions will be set up to determine the compositional and functional robustness of major components of the local soil fauna. Food webs will be modeled based on the soil animal data available to gain a thorough understanding of i) the factors shaping biological communities in rice cropping systems, and ii) C- and N-flow mediated by soil communities in rice fields. Advanced statistical modeling for quantification of species - environment relationships integrating all data subsets will specify the impact of crop diversification in rice agro-ecosystems on soil biota and on the related ecosystem services.
Flowering time (FTi) genes play a key role as regulators of complex gene expression networks, and the influence of these networks on other complex systems means that FTi gene expression triggers a cascade of regulatory effects with a broad global effect on plant development. Hence, allelic and expression differences in FTi genes can play a central role in phenotypic variation throughput the plant lifecycle. A prime example for this is found in Brassica napus, a phenotypically and genetically diverse species with enormous variation in vernalisation requirement and flowering traits. The species includes oilseed rape (canola), one of the most important oilseed crops worldwide. Previously we have identified QTL clusters related to plant development, seed yield and heterosis in winter oilseed rape that seem to be conserved in diverse genetic backgrounds. We suspect that these QTL are controlled by global regulatory genes that influence numerous traits at different developmental stages. Interestingly, many of the QTL clusters for yield and biomass heterosis appear to correspond to the positions of meta-QTL for FTi in spring-type and/or winter-type B. napus. Based on the hypothesis that diversity in FTi genes has a key influence on plant development and yield, the aim of this study is a detailed analysis of DNA sequence variation in regulatory FTi genes in B. napus, combined with an investigation of associations between FTi gene haplotypes, developmental traits, yield components and seed yield.
We consider clay minerals, iron oxides and charcoal as major components controlling the formation of interfaces relevant for sorption of organic chemicals, as they control the assemblage of organic matter and mineral particles. We studied the formation of interfaces in batch incubation experiments with inoculated artificial soils consisting of model compounds (clay minerals, iron oxide, char) and natural soil samples. Results show a relevant contribution of both iron oxides and clay minerals to the formation of organic matter as sorptive interfaces for hydrophobic compounds. Thus, we intend to focus our work in the second phase on the characterization of the interface as formed by organic matter associated with clay minerals and iron oxides. The interfaces will be characterized by the BET-N2 and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) methods and 129Xe and 13C NMR spectroscopy for determination of specific surface area, sorptive domains in the organic matter and microporosity. A major step forward is expected by the analysis of the composition of the interface at different resolution by reflected-light microscopy (mm scale), SEM (scanning electron microscopy, micrometer scale) and secondary ion mass spectrometry at the nanometer scale (nanoSIMS). The outcomes obtained in combination with findings from cooperation partners will help to unravel the contribution of different types of soil components on the formation and characteristics of the biogeochemical interfaces and their effect on organic chemical sorption.