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A multi-biomarker approach using caged blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, on three World War shipwrecks in the North Sea

This dataset contains results from a field-based exposure study assessing the biological effects of submerged munitions on the marine bivalve Mytilus spp.. Mussels were collected from Sylt Island (North Sea) and exposed at three historic munition wrecks: SMS Mainz (Germany), KW58 Hendericus (Belgium), and UC30 (Denmark). At each site, mussel cages were deployed directly on or near the wreck structures for several weeks. After recovery, mussels were assessed for mortality and dissected for histochemical and biochemical analyses. Tissues (gills, mantle, and digestive gland) were examined for histological biomarkers including lipofuscin, glycogen, neutral lipids, as well as sex and gonadal maturity. Enzymatic activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were measured spectrophotometrically and normalized to protein content.

Linking nutrient cycles, land use and biodiversity along an elevation gradient on Mt. Kilimanjaro

To understand impacts of climate and land use changes on biodiversity and accompanying ecosystem stability and services at the Mt. Kilimanjaro, detailed understanding and description of the current biotic and abiotic controls on ecosystem C and nutrient fluxes are needed. Therefore, cycles of main nutrients and typomorph elements (C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Si) will be quantitatively described on pedon and stand level scale depending on climate (altitude gradient) and land use (natural vs. agricultural ecosystems). Total and available pools of the elements will be quantified in litter and soils for 6 dominant (agro)ecosystems and related to soil greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, N2O, CH4). 13C and 15N tracers will be used at small plots for exact quantification of C and N fluxes by decomposition of plant residues (SP7), mineralization, nitrification, denitrification and incorporation into soil organic matter pools with various stability. 13C compound-specific isotope analyses in microbial biomarkers (13C-PLFA) will evaluate the changes of key biota as dependent on climate and land use. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and leaching losses of nutrients from the (agro)ecosystems and the increase of the losses by conversion of natural ecosystems to agriculture will be evaluated and linked with changing vegetation diversity (SP4), vegetation biomass (SP2), decomposers community (SP7) and plant functional traits (SP5). Nutrient pools, turnover and fluxes will be linked with water cycle (SP2), CO2 and H2O vegetation exchange (SP2) allowing to describe ecosystem specific nutrient and water characteristics including the derivation of full GHG balances. Based on 60 plots screening stand level scale biogeochemical models will be tested, adapted and applied for simulation of key ecosystem processes along climate (SP1) and land use gradients.

Planktondiversität und -produktivität vor Südaustralien - Training, Vorhaben: Biodiversität und Anpassungsstrategien des Meso- und Makrozooplanktons vor Südaustralien

NukSiFutur-Nachwuchsgruppe TOGETHER: (Osteo-) Immunologische geschlechts- und altersspezifische Besonderheiten in der Strahlenempfindlichkeit und deren Konsequenzen für Perspektiven im Strahlenschutz

Bewertung der physiologischen Plastizität und genetischen Variabilität der Kiefer (Pinus sylvestris L.) an ihrer westlichen Verbreitungsgrenze unter den Bedingungen des Klimawandels, Teilvorhaben 1: Bewertung der physiologischen Variabilität auf der Grundlage von Biomarkern

Histological and multi-biomarker analyses in Limanda limanda collected from shipwrecks in the North Sea to assess the biological effects of old World War munitions

This dataset documents field investigations on the biological effects of legacy World War I munitions on marine organisms, with a focus on shipwreck sites in the North Sea. Three historically well-documented wrecks were selected: the light cruiser SMS Mainz, the minelayer SMS Ariadne, and the submarine UC30. These wrecks were chosen based on detailed archival information regarding their sinking circumstances and cargo, their unambiguous identification, and their accessibility for scientific diving operations. As a munition-free control, a reference area outside known wreck fields was sampled (Naturschutzgebiet Borkum Riffgrund). The flatfish Limanda limanda (dab) was selected as a sentinel species. Sampling was conducted during several cruises with the research vessel Heincke (HE 573, April 2021 – SMS Mainz; HE 596, April 2022 – UC30 and SMS Ariadne; HE 607, September 2022 – UC30; HE 613, February 2023 – SMS Ariadne) and with the Uthörn (May 2022 – reference site). Fish were caught using bottom trawls deployed as close as possible to the wreck structures. Captured fish were transferred to seawater tanks prior to dissection. Each specimen was measured, weighed, and assessed biometrically to calculate condition factors as indicators of general health. Subsequent processing included macroscopic examination of livers for pathological alterations (e.g., fatty liver, nodules, bile stasis, tumor formation). Liver tissue was partitioned for histological analysis (H&E staining after methacrylate embedding), histochemical biomarker assays (lipofuscin accumulation, neutral lipids, lysosomal membrane stability), and biochemical measurements. Enzyme activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were quantified in liver and muscle homogenates using spectrophotometric assays and normalized to protein content. Both otoliths were extracted for age determination, dried, embedded in resin, and microscopically examined under variable light intensities to identify annual growth rings. The resulting dataset integrates biometric data, liver pathology, histological and histochemical biomarkers, enzyme activity profiles, and otolith-based age determinations from dabs collected at munition-affected shipwrecks and a reference site. It provides a standardized and comprehensive resource to evaluate the potential toxicological effects of World War I munitions on marine fish populations in the North Sea.

Plant wax composition of sediment core ROT21 from the Rotsee, Switzerland

This dataset contains compound-specific hydrogen (δ2H) and carbon (δ13C) isotope compositions and concentrations of long-chain n-alkanes and fatty acids (n-alkanoic acids) from the ROT21 sediment record of Rotsee, Central Switzerland (47°04′10″N, 8°18′48″E, 419 m a.s.l.). Sediment cores were retrieved in October 2021 using a UWITEC gravity corer, and the dataset spans the past ~13,000 years based on 19 radiocarbon dates (terrestrial and aquatic macrofossils) integrated with 210Pb and 137Cs profiles (see De Jonge et al., 2025). Laboratory analyses were conducted between February 2023 and November 2024 at the University of Basel. Sediment samples (~2–5 g) were sub-sampled, freeze-dried, spiked with internal standards (n-C19-alkanoic acid, n-C36-alkane, 2-octadecanone, and n-C21-alkanol), and extracted with dichloromethane/methanol (9:1, v/v) using an Accelerated Solvent Extractor (Dionex ASE 350, Thermo Fisher Scientific). Following saponification, neutral fractions were separated via silica gel chromatography, and fatty acids were converted to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). Both n-alkanes and FAMEs were further purified to isolate saturated compounds using AgNO3-impregnated silica gel columns, then analyzed and quantified by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). Peak areas were normalized to recovery standards to account for potential losses during sample handling, and compounds were identified by comparison with external standards. Compound-specific δ2H and δ13C values were determined by gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS) and normalized to the VSMOW-SLAP (δ2H) and VPDB (δ13C) scales. Analytical precision was ±3-5 ‰ for δ2H and ±0.2–0.3 ‰ for δ13C. The dataset was generated to reconstruct past hydroclimate and vegetation dynamics in Central Europe using plant wax δ2H records. Full methodological details are provided in the study: Central Europe hydroclimate since the Younger Dryas inferred from vegetation-corrected sedimentary plant wax δ2H values (Santos et al., 2026).

Cheilanthane ratios in Mesoproterozoic to Early Paleozoic rocks

This data set contains values on the cheilanthane (tricyclic terpenoids) ratios of C22/C21 and C24/23 from Mesoproterozoic to Silurian rocks of global distribution. Lipid extractions were performed following standard protocols. The yield was contamination-controlled via exterior vs. interior comparison of individual peak concentrations. Values were obtained via integration of multiple-reaction-monitoring (MRM) measurements. In comparing our data of cheilanthane ratios to that reported for younger rocks and oils, we noticed consistently lower C24/C23 values in our samples, suggesting a bimodal character of cheilanthane distribution in time. We tentatively attribute this to the rise of a source of oxidatively decarboxylated cheilanthatriol derived from ferns. Fossil cheilanthanes likely represent a composite mixture of various biological sources, whose secular patterns may record more than the Paleozoic rise of terrestrial plants presented here.

Erdölproben des BGR-Erdölarchivs für Deutschland (WMS)

Die Punktdarstellung (WMS) zeigt Proben aus dem BGR-Erdölarchiv, die für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland an der Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR) vorliegen. Sie zeigt die Standorte und ausgewählte Informationen zur Bohrung, wie den Bohrungsnamen und den NIBIS-BohrIdentifier (NIBIS Kartenserver des Landesamtes für Bergbau und Geologie Niedersachsens). Die Erdöle liegen in unterschiedlichen Mengen vor und werden in der Regel gekühlt gelagert. Zu vielen Proben hält die BGR geochemische Daten vor, wie relative Anteile an aliphatischen und aromatischen Bestandteilen, die isotopische Zusammensetzung (delta13C) von Erdölfraktionen und Verhältnisse ausgewählter aliphatischer Kohlenwasserstoffe und Biomarker (speziell Sterane und Hopane). Proben sowie Daten sind nur nach rechtlicher Klärung durch den Bohrungsbesitzer möglich. Eine Kontaktherstellung durch die BGR ist möglich.

Erdölproben des BGR-Erdölarchivs für Deutschland

Die Punktdarstellung zeigt Proben aus dem BGR-Erdölarchiv, die für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland an der Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR) vorliegen. Sie zeigt die Standorte und ausgewählte Informationen zur Bohrung, wie den Bohrungsnamen und den NIBIS-BohrIdentifier (NIBIS Kartenserver des Landesamtes für Bergbau und Geologie Niedersachsens). Die Erdöle liegen in unterschiedlichen Mengen vor und werden in der Regel gekühlt gelagert. Zu vielen Proben hält die BGR geochemische Daten vor, wie relative Anteile an aliphatischen und aromatischen Bestandteilen, die isotopische Zusammensetzung (delta13C) von Erdölfraktionen und Verhältnisse ausgewählter aliphatischer Kohlenwasserstoffe und Biomarker (speziell Sterane und Hopane). Proben sowie Daten sind nur nach rechtlicher Klärung durch den Bohrungsbesitzer möglich. Eine Kontaktherstellung durch die BGR ist möglich.

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