API src

Found 14 results.

NW Pacific Deep-sea Benthos Biodiversity (Beneficial Project)

In the past decade, the biology of the bathyal, abyssal, and hadal faunas of all size classes(meio- macro-, and megabenthos) of the NW Pacific have been intensively investigated based on a Memorandum of Understanding (2007) between Russian and German partners. A total of four Russian-German and German-Russian expeditions with the RV Akademik M.A. Lavrentyev and RV Sonne have provided a wealth of data on the systematics, evolution and biogeography of the deep-sea faunas of the Sea of Japan (SojaBio, 2010) (Malyutina and Brandt 2013), Sea of Okhotsk (SokhoBio, 2015) (Malyutina et al. 2018), the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench (KKT), and the NW Pacific open abyssal plain adjacent to the KKT (KuramBio I and II, 2012 - 2016) (Brandt et al. 2019; Brandt et al. 2018; Brandt et al. 2020; Brandt and Malyutina 2015). The goals of these expeditions were to study the biodiversity, biogeography, and evolution of the benthic organisms in different NW Pacific deep-sea environments. We aimed to compare more isolated deep-sea basins with more easily accessible ones (Sea of Japan vs. Sea of Okhotsk) and to test whether the hadal bottom of the trench of the KKT isolates the fauna from the Sea of Okhotsk to the fauna of the open NW Pacific area. The faunal composition of these areas comprising systematic, ecological, and biogeographical data, as well as evolution of protists, selected invertebrate taxa and fish, has been published in four scientific volumes, and includes the formal descriptions of many species, some genera, and one family (Brandt et al. 2020; Brandt and Malyutina 2015; Malyutina and Brandt 2013; Malyutina et al. 2018; Saeedi et al. 2020). Based on these expeditions, the Beneficial project (Biogeography of the northwest Pacific fauna. A benchmark study for estimations of alien invasions into the Arctic Ocean in times of rapid climate chance) was designed. The main aims of the Beneficial project were 1- digitizing the biodiversity and environmental data collected during our expeditions, 2- discovering the deep-sea biogeography and biodiversity patterns in the NW Pacific, 3- predicting the potential future distribution range shifts of key species from the NW Pacific to the Arctic Ocean under rapid climate change, and 4- compiling a novel book on the taxonomy and biogeography of the highly abundant key species. All the data, publications, and the book arising from this project provide crucial benchmarks and datasets for any deep-sea biodiversity assessment, and help predict the future status of the Arctic marine ecosystem in a changing environment (Brandt et al. 2020; Canonico et al. 2019; Saeedi et al. 2019b; Saeedi et al. 2019c; Saeedi et al. 2019d; 2020; Saeedi et al. 2019e).

INSPIRE HH Verteilung der Arten

Dieser Datensatz beinhaltet die Verteilung der Arten (Artenkataster) im INSPIRE Zielmodell.

Frequency of algae along a transect at the island of Helgoland in 2005

A sublittoral transect (P3) in the North of Helgoland that had been investigated ~40 years earlier by Lüning (1970) was traversed again. Scuba dives were carried out between 24.06.2005 and 19.08.2005. For each sampling point, time, date and coordinates were given as well as the corrected depth in m mean low water spring tide. Along the transect, substrate and topography were recorded. Relative frequency and cover of 32 species grown attached to the seafloor and cover of 12 epiphytic species were obtained.

Algal information along a transect at the island of Helgoland in 2005

A sublittoral transect (P3) in the North of Helgoland that had been investigated ~40 years earlier by Lüning (1970) was traversed again. Scuba dives were carried out between 13.07.2005 and 25.08.2005. For each sampling point, time, date and coordinates were given as well as the depth in m mean low water spring tide. 0.25 m² frames were used to obtain the species composition, total fresh mass and total dry mass. In addition, 1 m² frames were used to record the kelp community by counting the individuals and measuring kelp stipe length, kelp blade area, kelp blade fresh mass, kelp age and fresh mass of epiphytes on the kelp stipes. Equal Location IDs represent the same frame.

Occurrence and cover of algae along a transect at the island of Helgoland in 2005

A sublittoral transect (P3) in the North of Helgoland that had been investigated ~40 years earlier by Lüning (1970) was traversed again. Scuba dives were carried out between 21.04.2005 and 23.06.2005. At different sampling points (Location ID: P1-P44; start with P1 every new day) along the transect, substrate and topography was recorded and every 5m occurrence and the cover was obtained of the dominant brown algae Fucus serratus, Sargassum muticum, Laminaria digitata, L. hyperborea and Saccharina latissima. The occurrence was measured qualitatively as present/absence (1/0) and the cover was estimated semi-quantitative according to the Kautsky scale as 0 for not present to 100 as 100% cover (Kautsky, 1995). Furthermore, the transect was split into different zones (1-7) depending on the algal vegetation according to the master thesis of C. Gehling (2006). For each sampling point, time, date and coordinates were given as well as the corrected depth in m mean low water spring tide.

Depth distribution and biomass of sublittoral seaweeds at the island of Helgoland in 2005

In 2005, the species composition and spatial distribution of the seaweed community were investigated in the frame of diving surveys along a sublittoral transect in the North of Helgoland that had been investigated ~40 years earlier by Lüning (1970). The cover of dominant brown seaweeds, Fucus serratus, Sargassum muticum, Laminaria digitata, L. hyperborea and Saccharina latissima, was semi-quantitatively assessed to define vegetation zones. Within each zone, all macroalgal species were estimated quantitatively in 3 to 6 random 1 m² quadrats. Additionally, a replicated biomass survey was performed at 6 depths (0.5, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 m below mean low water spring tide). The survey investigated the occurrence, cover and relative frequency of the algae community and information about fresh mass and dry mass were obtained. For kelps also stipe length, blade area, blade fresh mass, age and fresh mass of epiphytes was recorded.

Forschungspaket Güterverkehr: Strategien zum wesensgerechten Einsatz der Verkehrsmittel im Güterverkehr der Schweiz: Teilprojekt B3: Güterverkehr mit Lieferwagen: Entwicklungen und Massnahmen

Projektbeschreibung: Mit dem Projekt sollen für Lieferwagen Wissenslücken bezüglich Logistik-, Güterverkehrs-, Verkehrssicherheits- und Umweltaspekten geschlossen werden. Das Projekt umfasst 3 Phasen. Die Phase I hat einerseits zum Ziel, den Einsatz des Lieferwagens in der Transportlogistik der Marktakteure zu beleuchten (rückblickend und künftig, Sicht Logistik- und Transportwirtschaft und Verlader mit Werkverkehr). Andererseits soll die Rolle des Lieferwagens in Bezug auf die Verkehrs belastung, Verkehrssicherheit und Umwelt analysiert werden (Sicht Infrastrukturbetreiber). Ergebnis der Phase I sind die maßgebenden Entwicklungen, Trends, die Schlüsselprobleme und der Handlungsbedarf. In der Phase II werden auf der Basis der Ziele und Anforderungen Strategien und Maßnahmen zu Lösung der Schlüsselprobleme erarbeitet, die in Bezug auf die Ziele evaluiert werden. In der Phase III werden die notwendigen Umsetzungsschritte für die im Vordergrund stehenden Maßnahmen aufgezeigt und die Schlussfolgerungen und Empfehlungen hergeleitet. Projektziele: Mit dem Projekt sollen folgende 6 Leitfragen beantwortet werden: 1. Welche Rolle spielt der Lieferwagen in der Transportlogistik und im Güterverkehr? Wie hat sich diese Rolle in den letzten 20 Jahren entwickelt? Welches sind die Ursachen für die Entwicklung? (Sicht Logistik- und Transportdienstleister, Verlader mit Werkverkehr) 2. Welche maßgebenden Entwicklungstrends und Einflussfaktoren in der Logistik bestehen und was sind die Auswirkungen auf die Lieferwagennutzung? 3. Welche Rolle spielt der Lieferwagen in Bezug auf Verkehrsbelastung, Verkehrssicherheit, Umweltwirkungen? Wie hat sich diese Rolle in den letzten 20 Jahren entwickelt? Was sind die Gründe und Ursachen? Was ist aufgrund der Entwicklungstrends zu erwarten? Gibt es räumliche Unterschiede (Stadt, Agglomeration, außerhalb urbaner Räume)? (Sicht Infrastrukturbetreiber und weitere Fachstellen der öffentlichen Hand). 4. Welche Schlüsselprobleme ergeben sich und welcher Handlungsbedarf lässt sich draus ableiten? 5. Welche strategischen Stossrichtungen bieten sich an? Welche Maßnahmen sind zweckmäßig um die Schlüsselprobleme zu lösen? 6. Wie können die Strategien und Maßnahmen umgesetzt werden? Welchen Akzeptanzproblemen gilt es Rechnung zu tragen und welche Win-Win-Situationen können genutzt werden? Wie organisieren sich die beteiligten Akteure, damit nachhaltige Lösungen realisiert werden können?

Advancing understanding of Atlantic salmon at sea: merging genetics and ecology to resolve stock-specific migration and distribution patterns (SALSEA-MERGE)

Objective: Over the past two decades, an increasing proportion of North Atlantic salmon are dying at sea during their oceanic feeding migration. The specific reasons for the decline in this important species are as yet unknown, however, climate change is likely to be an important factor. In some rivers in the southern part of the salmons range, wild salmon now face extinction. This is in spite of unprecedented management measures to halt this decline. Arguably the greatest challenge in salmon conservation is to gain insight into the spatial and ecological use of the marine environment by different regional and river stocks, which are known to show variation in marine growth, condition, and survival. Salmon populations may migrate to different marine zones, whose environmental conditions may vary. To date it has been impossible to sample and identify the origin of sufficient numbers of wild salmon at sea to enable this vital question to be addressed. SALSEA-Merge will provide the basis for advancing our understanding of oceanic-scale, ecological and ecosystem processes. Such knowledge is fundamental to the future sustainable management of this key marine species.

Optimisation and pre-validation of an in vitro test strategy for predicting human acute toxicity (A-CUTE-TOX)

Validated alternative test methods are urgently required for safety toxicology of drugs, chemicals and cosmetics. Both REACH and 7th amendment of Cosmetics Directive call for the broad replacement of animal experiments on a short-term. While some animal tests for topical toxicity have been successfully replaced one by one by alternative methods, systemic toxicities require new test strategies in order to achive an adequate safety level. The aim of A-Cute-Tox is to develop a simple and robust in vitro t esting strategy for prediction of human acute systemic toxicity, which could replace the animal acute toxicity tests used today. The involvement of ECVAM in the project management and that of regulators (such as ECB) guarantees of the follow-up. The Scie ntific objectives of the project are: 1. Compilation, critical evaluation and generation of high quality in vitro and in vivo data for comparative analysis. 2. Identifying factors (ADE, metabolism and organ specificity) that influence the correlation betwe en in vitro toxicity (concentration) and in vivo toxicity (dosage), and to define an algorithm that accounts for this. 3. Explore innovative tools and cellular systems to identify new end-points and strategies to better anticipate animal and human toxicit y. 4. To design a simple, robost and reliable in vitro test strategy amenable for robotic testing, associated with the prediction model for acute toxicity. The project will develop the concepts required to compose testing strategies via the continuous imp lementation of novel in vitro and in silico alternatives. The approach requires the dimensions of a transnational Integrated Project, involving prominent toxicity research groups in the EU, close monitoring by and input from the regulatory community and p rofessional managerial steering. In return, it offers the realistic opportunity to achive a substantial reduction of animal experiments in acute systemic toxicity assessments. Prime Contractor: University of Oulu, Administration, Research and Innovation Services; Oulu; Suomi/Finland.

Gefährdung und Verbreitung einheimischer Vogelarten

Ziel des Vorhabens ist eine Gefährdungsanalyse der heimischen Vogelarten in Deutschland und die Darstellung der Verbreitung von insbesondere durch Land- und Forstwirtschaft Bewirtschaftung negativ beeinträchtigten Arten. Aufbauend auf einer Gefährdungsanalyse werden Bewirtschaftungsregeln für den Schutz der primär betroffenen Arten vorgeschlagen. Die Möglichkeiten der Einbindung der erzielten Ergebnisse des Projektes in ein Gesamtkonzept zur Berücksichtigung der Artenschutzaspekte von VSch-RL und FFH-RL in Deutschland werden geprüft.

1 2