The natural capital of forests consists to a great extend of the forests environmental functions for human well-being, which not only include goods and services (source and sink functions) but also include life-support functions that reflect ecosystem performance (ecosystem functioning). Shifting the management approach from a traditional one to one that is more aware of the ecosystem complexity, the idea of 'ecosystem functioning is appearing to tackle gradual declines of ecosystem functions. Within CBDs framework, the Ecosystem Approach has been introduced on account of the necessity for open decision making with strong links between all stakeholders and the latest scientific knowledge due to uncertainty and unpredictability in nature. The Ecosystem Approach is still in need of further elaboration, even though as a concept Ecosystem Approach has been widely accepted. To aim forest enhancement, this approach has been regarded as the most feasible concept for the study area, the Bengawan Solo River Basin - Java, Indonesia. Therefore the principles and operational guidelines will be used to analyse and evaluate the current forest management in those areas of the Bengawan Solo River Basin, in which ecosystem function is the basis for forest development area. This research focuses on ecological functions of forests at various levels of ecosystem management planning, from the forestry sectors point of view.
The rational calculus of farmers assumed in many agricultural economic models is unrealistic and non-predictive of their actual decision making. Understanding structural change in agriculture can thus be improved via a realistic modeling of the decision making by agricultural entrepreneurs. Specifically, slow disinvestment (i.e., postponing farm exit), persistence of market structures (i.e., failure to reallocate land plots towards higher efficiency), and more generally characterizing the decision making of farmers are crucial for a better understanding of structural change and policy advice. We apply economic experiments to better understand such disinvestment choices, land markets with economies of scale and private opportunity costs, different auction and bargaining forms to improve allocation efficiency of land markets, and to generally characterize the decision making of farmers.
Das Projekt untersucht die Forschung zum globalen Klimawandel, sowohl vergleichend auf der Ebene von vier europäischen Staaten (Deutschland, Großbritannien, Schweden, Niederlande) als auch auf der EU-Ebene. An der Klimaforschung interessiert insbesondere (a) die Bewältigung der erheblichen wissenschaftlichen Unsicherheit der Problemlage sowie (b) die Frage der Integration diverser wissenschaftlicher Disziplinen und Forschungskulturen in einem 'post-normalen Forschungsfeld. Zweiter Schwerpunkt ist die Interaktion zwischen Wissenschaft und Politik, d. h. wie die Politik die Erkenntnisansprüche der Wissenschaft wahrnimmt, verarbeitet und in politische (In)aktivität umsetzt, andererseits aber auch wie die Forschung durch politische Kriterien in ihrer Entwicklung beeinflußt wird.
Ziel von EKLIPSE ist es, Akteure aus Wissenschaft, Politik und Gesellschaft zusammenzubringen, um sicherzustellen, dass Entscheidungen, die Auswirkungen auf Natur und Umwelt haben, auf einer soliden Wissensbasis getroffen werden. Das Projektteam etabliert einen flexiblen, beständigen - aber innovativen - sowie transparenten Mechanismus, der den Wissensbedarf insbesondere für Entscheidungen adressiert, die Biodiversität und Ökosystemleistungen betreffen. Dieser europäische Mechanismus reagiert auf Anfragen von Politik und gesellschaftlichen Akteuren in diesem Feld.
The project SWERA will provide solar and wind resource data and geographic information assessment tools to public and private sector executives who are involved in energy market development. It will demonstrate the use of these instruments in investment and policy decision making and build local capacities for their continuous use. The project will enable private investors and public policy makers to assess the technical, economic and environmental potential for large-scale investments in technologies that enable the exploitation of two increasingly important sources of renewable energy. During this pilot project, tools for analysis and use of resource information will be developed, a global archive and review mechanism will be initiated, regional/national solar and wind resource maps generated and national assessment demonstrations performed. The overall goal is to promote the integration of wind and solar alternatives in national and regional energy planning and sector restructuring as well as related policy making. The project will enable informed decision making and enhance the ability of participating governments to attract increased investor interest in renewable energy. Thirteen countries will be directly involved in the pilot stage of the project. Global and regional maps will be available to all developing countries. The German Aerospace Center (DLR) will provide high resolution solar maps of the Direct Normal Irradiation. This is particularly important for concentrating solar power collectors. DLR will work with SUNY and INPE/LABSOLAR to integrate their high-resolution horizontal total radiation model. DLR and TERI will jointly execute the South Asian mapping using INSAT and METEOSAT-5 data. DLR will provide advice to national executing agencies and stakeholders on their activities and assist in the comparison of measurements and different mapping models.
Anfertigung von Laenderstudien unter Verwendung vorhandenen Materials, insbesondere vorliegender Botschaftsberichte, zur gegenwaertigen Umweltpolitik in Grossbritannien und Frankreich. -Beschreibung der politischen Ablaeufe unter Beruecksichtigung der Rolle von Regierung, Parteien, Beratergremien, Verbaenden und Oeffentlichkeit. -Grundzuege der Umweltpolitik (polit. Stellenwert des Umweltschutzes,polit. Strategien und die ihnen zugrundeliegenden Prinzipien). Ziel der Studien ist, durch bessere Kenntnis ueber die innenpolitische Einbindung der Umweltpolitik in GB und F ein besseres Eingehen auf die spezifische Situation dieser Laender in internationalen und bilateralen Verhandlungen zu ermoeglichen und damit die Effektivitaet der intern. Zusammenarbeit zu verbessern. Die Studie soll durch Vermittlung von Kenntnissen ueber die polit. Rahmenbedingungen die deutsche Verhandlungsfuehrung in die Lage versetzen, besser auf die andere Seite einzugehen und damit umweltpolitische Ziele durchzusetzen.
Wie kann Klimapolitik gestaltet werden, welche Auswirkungen hat sie und welche anderen Möglichkeiten gibt es? Dies sind wichtige Fragen für Stakeholder und Entscheidungsträger. Das POLIMP Projekt hat zum Ziel, Antworten darauf leichter zugänglich und verständlich zu machen. Deshalb analysiert POLIMP Wissenslücken auf verschiedenen Politik- und Entscheidungsebenen, und versucht diese mit Hilfe von bereits vorhandenen Forschungsergebnissen zu schließen. Die Ergebnisse werden verbreitet und diskutiert, z.B. durch Veranstaltungsreihen, Veröffentlichungen und eine interaktive online Wissensplattform. Das Ecologic Institut leitet das Arbeitspaket Wissensplattform . Im Anschluss an die Identifikation von Wissenslücken ist es das Ziel, Informationen interaktiv und zielgruppengerecht an die Stakeholder zu vermitteln. Das Ecologic Institut arbeitet außerdem im Bereich Stakeholder-Beteiligung und entwickelt Evaluationskriterien für Szenarien zur zukünftigen Entwicklung der internationalen Klimaverhandlungen.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES General: The research aims o identify and provide a better understanding of the socioeconomic factors (internal & external) influencing timber plantation establishment and development in Eastern Paraguay and the further contribution to income generation. It will analyze some of the forces driving plantation establishment and their impacts since the establishment of the Forest Law in 1972. Specific objectives: 1. To document and analyze the changes and general development of timber plantation establishment in Eastern Paraguay. 2. To apply a holistic framework on timber plantation development over an almost forty year period (1973 - 2012) and analyze its potential future development. 3. To study and analyze the socioeconomic factors influencing timber plantations establishment and determine how these factors interact among them. 4. To analyze the profit-making potential of timber plantations considering different landholdings sizes: large, medium and small scales. 5. To develop top guidelines to enhance timber plantation development in the country. RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1. What are the main socioeconomic factors that influence timber plantation establishment in Eastern Paraguay? - To what extent these socioeconomic factors interrelate each other to push timber plantation development? - What are the factors that influence directly in farmers decision making toward tree planting investment? - Will the reforested areas be maintained in the long term? - What enabling factors are required to sustain the efforts? 2. What is the potential contribution of timber plantations to farmers income generation? - Can timber plantations be considered as potential contributor to household income? 3. Among selected cases - What were the most promising approaches? - Which elements of these projects can be replicated (at low cost by local institutions and actors)? - Which ones are self-sustaining at the local level? PRELIMINARY RESULTS Forest resources are essential for Paraguayan rural economy for subsistence and household income. Nevertheless, their contribution is generally underestimated. Countrys high deforestation rates and insufficient efforts to promote sustainable forest management affected the supply of wood for small scale farms. The research examines socioeconomic factors linked to tree planting efforts by small holders in Eastern Paraguay, their contribution to household income and the role they play in reducing the pressure on natural forest. Different tree planting schemes were approached as case studies and participatory tools and semistructured interviews were applied. Results show that influential determinants for tree planting are involvement in social organizations and long term technical and managerial support. Managing planted trees at small scale farms requires little financial support and low labor than traditional farm cash crops and have remarkable potential to support income generation. usw.
Objective: Fragmentation of research efforts, lack of a shared scientific vision and insufficient availability of research tools, shared databases, etc., is a major limitation for the understanding of atmospheric composition change over Europe under a changing climate, and the consequent inadequate transfer of prospects to the decision makers for future policies. The ACCENT-Plus project builds on the successful efforts of the Network of Excellence ACCENT which, over the past six years, has brought together the atmospheric science community engaged in global change and air pollution studies. The integration efforts within the ACCENT Network have produced a stronger cohesion of the community, including research groups from the new EU Member States and have facilitated the engagement of a new generation of scientists who have started their career in the collaborative environment promoted by ACCENT. ACCENT-Plus aims at extending the breath of the previous ACCENT phase to reach out to the policy community, facilitating the transfer of research results into policy/decision making. A prerequisite to reach this goal is to continue fostering the coordination and integration of the European science community, associating with this new effort all partners and associates of the previous ACCENT phase. Joint research programming, contribution to the international research agenda, access to information, training/mobility activities and facilitation in the use of research infrastructures will be key elements of ACCENT-Plus to preserve and enhance the excellence of European research in an ERA context, to produce integrated assessment and synthesis of scientific results and to connect science and policy making by transferring to the decision makers the important links between air quality and climate change and the prospects and benefits of co-control policies.
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