Il s'agit d'une recherche globale sur la biologie, la physiologie, l'immunologie, l'ecologie et le role de vecteur des Tiques, essentiellement les especes parasitant les animaux domestiques. Le travail est mene aussi bien en Suisse qu'en Afrique, dans des biotopes diversifies (plaine, Jura, savane, foret). Les travaux de laboratoire ont pour but de detecter de nouvelles approches dans la lutte contre les Tiques (etudes des systemes endocriniens, du determinisme de la reproduction, de la physiologie sensorielle (pheromones) et des phenomenes de resistance chez les hotes. Les travaux de terrain concernent essentiellement la survie et l'orientation des Tiques dans leur environnement, la quete des hotes, les mecanismes de transmission des microorganismes pathogenes et leur circulation dans la nature. L'impact de l'urbanisation sur la distribution des Tiques est egalement mesure. (FRA)
Das Forschungsvorhaben widmet sich der Entwicklung und Testung von in-vitro-Methoden als Ersatz fuer schmerzhafte in-vivo-Versuche (Toxizitaets- und Stressversuche) an niederen Wirbeltieren. Aufbauend auf Untersuchungen mit Leber-Organkulturen sind die Ziele des Vorhabens: - Methoden zur Primaerzellkultur von Hepatocyten niederer Wirbeltiere (Fische, Amphibien) zu entwickeln und als Arbeitsgrundlage fuer Fragestellungen zur hormonellen Regulation des Lebermetabolismus einzusetzen. - Die Eignung von Organkulturtechniken mit Leber- und Nebennierenschnitten als Ersatz fuer oekotoxikologische Testverfahren zu klaeren. - Die Umsetzung beider Fragestellungen fuer Aufgaben in der Lehre zu erreichen.
The overall goal of COMPRENDO is to improve our understanding of the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on aquatic wildlife and humans, focussing on androgenic and antiandrogenic compounds (AACs). This will help to improve environmental quality standards and also the public health in the European Community. To this end our key objectives are: Characterise the human and environmental exposure to AACs; Determine the impacts of environmentally relevant doses/concentrations of AACs on a wide range of human-relevant models and aquatic species; Develop new biological effect measures and species-specific critical endpoints, including a molecular screen for genomic effects of AACs; Identify common principles of AAC action in different species to develop new animal models for extrapolation to human health; Develop lab cultures for suitable aquatic invertebrates and establish their baseline endocrinology; Characterise the risk originating from AACs in humans and wildlife. The COMPRENDO consortium consists of 13 partners and five subcontractors of 10 European nations (Germany: University of Frankfurt; University Hospital Bonn, Institute for Clinical Biochemistry; Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Berlin, U.K.: University of Exeter, University of Brunel; Sweden: University of Lund; Denmark: Technical University of Denmark; France: Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres; Spain: Consejo Superior de Investigationes Cientificas; Italy: University of Milan, University of Insubria; Greece: University of Ioannina; Poland: University of Gdansk.
Es handelt sich um eine Concerted Action der European Commission (Contract FAIR6-98-4071), an dem insgesamt 10 Partner aus Laendern der EU beteiligt sind. Datenaustausch und Koordination von Versuchen zur Aufdeckung moeglicher Auswirkungen von Endocrine disrupting compounds auf die Fortpflanzung landwirtschaftlicher Nutztiere sind die Hauptziele des Projektes.
General Information: Some xenobiotic compounds present in industrial sewage sludges, industrial effluents and waterways have proven or suspected estrogenic and therefore can cause alterations in the endocrine function of fish and other organisms. Such alterations have been observed in major European watersheds. Endocrine disruption seems to correlate to high vitellogenin levels in male fish and thus a vitellogenin-based ELISA assay is likely to give an adequate prediction of endocrine disruptor activity in environmental systems. PRENDISENSOR focuses on the extension of existing knowledge on endocrine disruptors and their detection methodologies in order to understand their behaviour and to predict their environmental impact, specifically: - To adapt an existing model description for the behaviour of organic pollutants in soils, so that it adequately describes and predicts the 'bio'-availability of endocrine disruptors in soils and their presence in run-off. The model uses soil characteristics and (bio)chemical properties of the target compounds as input parameters. - To obtain field lysimeter and laboratory data, which quantify and mechanistically describe endocrine disruptor sorption, biodegradation and transport processes in soils from different European climate zones. Data are used to validate the adapted model. - To develop a biosensor, based on increased vitellogenin levels in fish, a biomarker for the presence of endocrine disruptors. To optimize the use of vitellogenin ELISA assays to screen environmental samples for the presence of estrogenic compounds. - To develop a river basin model to predict potential pollution of surface waters by sludge amended soils, which together with measured vitellogenin ELISA data will enable risk assessment for endocrine disruptors in a river basin. PRENDISENSOR brings together partners from four different EU countries, all having proven experience on one ore more of the scientific skills required to accomplish the project objectives: - Proven expertise and experience in biogeochemical modeling of the fate of (organic) chemicals in the soil/water environment. - Experience in the use of field lysimeters for pollutant transport studies - Experience in the study of mobilization/immobilization mechanisms relating to organic pollutants in soils, focusing on pollutant/humic matter interactions. - Experience in the development and use of biomarkers and biosensors like ELISA-assays. Results will be made available by the publication of scientific articles and a specific international workshop is foreseen to discuss project achievements. Standardization (ISO standards) of procedures, developed and optimized under PRENDISENSOR is envisaged. Prime Contractor: Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciencias e Technologia, Department of Sciences and Environmental Engineering; Monte de Caparica/Portugal.
The project ist a part of the Waste Water Cluster, which is a focused approach involving three European research projects within the area environmental technologies in the EU Environment & Climate programme. The objective is to improve the understanding of the transformation, fate and toxicity of selected groups of industrial pollutants discharged into the water resources by using complementary sampling and advanced measuring techniques. The expected results should provide better monitoring data for risk assessment of waste water and should in the long run lead to a cleaner, healthier, and sustainable environment for the European citizen. PRISTINE wants to improve the knowledge of pollution by surfactants and decrease the contamination level adopting an ecological compromise between industry and policy makers. Surfactants are surface-active compounds, which are used in industrial processes as well as in trade and households. They have one of the highest production rate of all organic chemicals. Commercial mixtures of surfactants consist of several tens to hundreds of homologues, oligomers and isomers of anionic, nonionic, cationic and amphoteric compounds. Therefore their identification and quantification in the environment is complicated and cumbersome. Detection, identification and quantification of these compounds in aqueous solutions, even in the form of matrix-free standards, still faces the analyst with considerable problems.The project combines researchers in the field of analytical environmental chemistry, toxicology and industry that needs to treat wastewater heavily contaminated with surfactants as well as industry that produces surfactants and that is interested in improving their knowledge on fate and toxicity data on surfactants and metabolites formed. An analytical methodology, that permits to determine the various surfactants and identify new metabolites, will be developed. Multistep sample preparation methods together with advanced techniques like LC-MS (including various types of interfacing systems) will be used for the final identification. Unknown metabolites will be synthesized to unequivocally confirm their presence in the environment. The analytical data of the various surfactants will be correlated with toxicity as eg endocrine disruptor effects. In this respect there is especially a lack of metabolite information, their toxicity and their levels in the aquatic environment. The levels of relevant surfactants will be monitored in biota and the degradation pathway studied in waste water treatment plants and in model studies in order to determine their possible impact on the health of the ecosystem. Different aquatic environments in Europe will be investigated and a common analytical and toxicological protocol for the environmental fate of surfactants and their metabolites in urban and industrial waste water treatment plants achieved.The information obtained by the completion of these objectives will ....
Das in die Forschungsplattform 'Verlust der Nacht' eingebundene Vorhaben hat die Untersuchung von Wirkungen unterschiedlicher Lichteinflüsse auf Vogelpopulationen zum Ziel. Im Fokus stehen Populationen von Modellorganismen, die verschiedenen entweder a) gut messbaren und/oder auch b) aktiv gestaltbaren Lichteinflüssen ausgesetzt sind. Auf diese Weise sollen die Auswirkungen von anthropogen verursachten Veränderungen des Lichtangebotes in Menge und spektraler Zusammensetzung untersucht werden. In drei nach Intensität und Dauer abgestuften und aufeinander abgestimmten Versuchsansätzen, aufgeteilt in sieben Arbeitspakete kommen demographische und verhaltensökologische Methoden zum Einsatz, ebenso werden Bildungsaspekte behandelt. Messungen endokrinologischer Parameter sollen lichtinduzierte Verschiebungen im Reproduktionsgeschehen aufdecken, während Untersuchungen stabiler Isotope Verschiebungen in Nahrungsnetzen sichtbar machen. Die Ergebnisse sollen die für die Populationsentwicklung positiven, möglicherweise aber auch kritischen Zusammenhänge aufdecken, bewerten, in den ökosystemaren Kontext stellen und bei sich daraus ergebendem Bedarf biologisch adäquate, aber auch technisch machbare und praxisorientierte Lösungsansätze aufzeigen.
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