Deutsch: Ohtani et al. untersuchten, ob eine kurzzeitige Exposition mit starken mittelfrequenten Magnetfeldern (IF-MF) genotoxische Wirkungen bei Mäusen zeigt. Diese Studie ist interessant, weil sich die Technik der drahtlosen Energieübertragung schnell verbreitet, jedoch die Anzahl von Studien über mögliche gesundheitliche Auswirkungen noch gering ist.
Within the project "bioassay-based test strategy to determine risk potentials of migration waters" the German Environment Agency (UBA ) and the Association for Pipe Systems Inside Buildings (VRH) had the common aim to develop a test strategy based on established bioassays. This in vitro test strategy detects cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and estrogenic like activity of migration waters. Quelle: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de
Im Projekt "Biotestbasierte Prüfstrategie zur Erfassung von Gefährdungspotenzialen in Migrationswässern" hatten das Umweltbundesamt (UBA ) und der Verein für Rohrleitungssysteme in der Haustechnik e.V. (VRH) das Ziel eine auf Biotests basierende Prüfstrategie zu entwickeln. Diese In-vitro-Teststrategie erfasst die Zytotoxizität, die Gentoxizität und die estrogenartige Wirkung von Migrationswässern. Quelle: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de
Die REACH-Verordnung (Registrierung, Bewertung und Zulassung von Chemikalien) stellt sicher, dass Daten zu Chemikalien, die in Mengen von einer Tonne oder mehr pro Jahr (tpa) innerhalb des Europäischen Wirtschaftsraums hergestellt oder importiert werden, durch die Registrierung der Chemikalien bei der Europäischen Chemikalienagentur (ECHA) verfügbar gemacht werden. Diese Daten - Informationen zu physikalisch-chemischen, toxikologischen und ökotoxikologischen Eigenschaften sowie zur Exposition - werden verwendet, um die mögliche Gefährdung der menschlichen Gesundheit und der Umwelt durch Chemikalien zu bewerten sowie gegebenenfalls Risikomanagementmaßnahmen abzuleiten. Ziel des Projekts war es, die Verfügbarkeit und Qualität der Informationen zu toxikologischen und ökotoxikologischen Eigenschaften in federführenden und individuellen Registrierungsdossiers des mittleren Mengenbereichs (100-1000 tpa) zu bewerten. In die Untersuchung wurden acht Endpunkte (Entwicklungs- und Reproduktionstoxizität, Toxizität bei wiederholter Aufnahme, Mutagenität, Biologische und Abiotische Abbaubarkeit, Bioakkumulation und Ökotoxizität) sowie die Umweltexposition einbezogen. Während im Rahmen des Screenings die Verfügbarkeit von Standardinformationen (Guideline-Studien) geprüft wurde, wurden Datenverzicht und Datenanpassungen während der formalen und verfeinerten Prüfung analysiert. Anhand der Kriterien, die im Projekt angewandt wurden, wurden 14 % bis 57 % (Mittelwert 31 %) der ausgewerteten Daten für einen bestimmten Endpunkte als "compliant", 9 % bis 46 % (Mittelwert 24 %) als "non-compliant" und 11 % bis 76 % (Mittelwert 31 %) als "complex" (ohne abschließende Bewertung im Rahmen des Projekts) bewertet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass mindestens 24 % der Endpunkteinträge nicht konform mit den Datenanforderungen unter REACH waren. Demnach sollte die Verfügbarkeit und Qualität toxikologischer und ökotoxikologischer Informationen, die in Registrierungsdossiers bereitgestellt werden, verbessert werden. Quelle: Forschungsbericht
In dieser Studie sollte im EU-Forschungsprogramm REFLEX beschriebenen Hinweisen auf mögliche gentoxische Effekte hochfrequenter elektromagnetischer Felder in humanen dermalen Fibroblasten nachgegangen werden. Entsprechend wurden die Parameter der Studie an diejenigen der REFLEX-Studie angelehnt. Es wurden humane dermale Fibroblasten von 10 juvenilen (Alter 18-19) und 10 adulten (Alter 50-59) Spendern verwendet und mit hochfrequenten, elektromagnetischen Feldern von 1800 MHz (GSM-1800, intermittierend 5 min an, 10 min aus) mit SAR-Werten von 0 (Sham-Kontrolle), 0.2, 2 und 10 W/kg befeldet. Parallel wurden Positivkontrollen mit entsprechenden chemischen Toxien mitgeführt. Als analytische Endpunkte wurden Comet-Assays, Mikrokerntests mit CREST-Markierung, numerische Chromosomen-Aberrationen, Zellzyklusanalysen und TUNEL-Assays durchgeführt. Die gesamte Studie wurde verblindet durchgeführt; ohne Zugang zu den Befeldungsdaten vor Abschluss der Auswertungen und der statistischen Analyse. Die statistischen Analysen zeigten für keinen der analysierten Endpunkte Hinweise auf statistisch signifikante gentoxische oder dosis-abhängige Effekte, induziert durch hochfrequente EMF-Exposition in primären humanen dermalen Fibroblasten in vitro. //ABSTRACT// The purpose of this study was to clarify possible genotoxic effects of EMF in human dermal fibroblasts as fund in a previous REFLEX-study. Therefore we applied conditions mainly based upon the above described REFLEX-study: we used primary human dermal fibroblasts from 10 juvenile (age 18-19) and 10 adult (age 50-59) donors and exposed them to 1800 MHz high frequency EMF-fields (GSM-1800, intermittent) with SAR-values of 0 (sham control), 0.2, 2 and 10 W/kg. In parallel, we performed corresponding positive controls with assay-based chemical toxins. As analytical endpoints, we analyzed Comet assays, micronuclei formation with CREST analysis, numerical chromosomal aberrations, cell cycle distributions and TUNEL assays. The whole study was performed as a double blind study with no access to exposure values until after completing all analyses as well as statistical pre-analysis of the blind data. Statistical Analysis showed no statistically significant evidences for genotoxic or dose-dependent effects induced by high frequency EMF-exposure in primary human dermal fibroblasts in vitro for any of the analyzed endpoints.
Due to their beneficial properties, the use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NP) is constantly increasing, especially in consumer-related areas, such as food packaging and food additives, which is leading to an increased oral uptake of ZnO NP. Consequently, the aim of our study was to investigate the cellular uptake of two differently sized ZnO NP (<50 nm and <100 nm; 12-1229 (micro)mol/L) using two human intestinal cell lines (Caco-2 and LT97) and to examine the possible resulting toxic effects. ZnO NP (<50 nm and <100 nm) were internalized by both cell lines and led to intracellular changes. Both ZnO NP caused time- and dose-dependent cytotoxic effects, especially at concentrations of 614 (micro)mol/L and 1229 (micro)mol/L, which was associated with an increased rate of apoptotic and dead cells. ZnO NP < 100 nm altered the cell cycle of LT97 cells but not that of Caco-2 cells. ZnO NP < 50 nm led to the formation of micronuclei in LT97 cells. The Ames test revealed no mutagenicity for both ZnO NP. Our results indicate the potential toxicity of ZnO NP after oral exposure, which should be considered before application. © 2021 by the authors
Background The chemical quality of drinking water is widely unknown in low-income countries. Objective We conducted an exploratory study in Manhiça district (Mozambique) to evaluate drinking water quality using chemical analyses and cell-based assays. Methods We measured nitrate, fluoride, metals, pesticides, disinfection by-products, and industrial organochlorinated chemicals, and conducted the bioassays Ames test for mutagenicity, micronuclei assay (MN-FACS), ER-CALUX, and antiAR-CALUX in 20 water samples from protected and unprotected sources. Results Nitrate was present in all samples (median 7.5†mg/L). Manganese, cobalt, chromium, aluminium, and barium were present in 90-100% of the samples, with median values of 32, 0.6, 2.0, 61, 250†(mirco)g/l, respectively. Manganese was above 50†ÎÌg/l (EU guideline) in eight samples. Arsenic, lead, nickel, iron, and selenium median values were below the quantification limit. Antimony, cadmium, copper, mercury, zinc and silver were not present. Trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, haloacetonitriles and haloketones were present in 5-28% samples at levels </=4.6†(micro)g/l. DDT, dieldrin, diuron, and pirimiphos-methyl were quantified in 2, 3, 3, and 1 sample, respectively (range 12-60†ng/L). Fluoride was present in one sample (0.11†mg/l). Trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene were not present. Samples were negative in the in vitro assays. Significance Results suggest low exposure to chemicals, mutagenicity, genotoxicity and endocrine disruption through drinking water in Manhiça population. High concentration of manganese in some samples warrants confirmatory studies, given the potential link to impaired neurodevelopment. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America
The standard information requirements necessary for the registration and their adaptation options for high tonnage substances are specified in the REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006. The report presents findings and results from the examination of 1814 dossiers of lead and individual registrants covering phase-in substances with a production volume of ≥ 1000 tpa. Within this project, the availability of data to fulfil these requirements was evaluated using screening (UBA-Texte 43/2015), formal and refined approaches. Also the sameness of substance identity amongst joint submissions was assessed. Based on the outcome of the project, recommendations were created to support registrants’ efforts to improve the quality of their registration dossiers.
Pool water is continuously circulated and reused after an extensive treatment including disinfection by chlorination, ozonation or UV treatment. In Germany, these methods are regulated by DIN standard 19643. Recently, the DIN standard has been extended by a new disinfection method using hypobromous acid as disinfectant formed by introducing ozone into water with naturally or artificially high bromide content during water treatment. In this study, we tested the disinfection efficacy of the ozone-bromine treatment in comparison to hypochlorous acid in a flow-through test rig using the bacterial indicator strains Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus and the viral indicators phage MS2 and phage PRD1. Furthermore, the formation of disinfection by-products and their potential toxic effects were investigated in eight pool water samples using different disinfection methods including the ozone-bromine treatment. Our results show that the efficacy of hypobromous acid, depending on its concentration and the tested organism, is comparable to that of hypochlorous acid. Hypobromous acid was effective against five of six tested indicator organisms. However, using Pseudomonas aeruginosa and drinking water as test water, both tested disinfectants (0.6 mg L-1 as Cl2 hypobromous acid as well as 0.3 mg L-1 as Cl2 hypochlorous acid) did not achieve a reduction of four log10 levels within 30 s, as required by DIN 19643. The formation of brominated disinfection by-products depends primarily on the bromide concentration of the filling water, with the treatment method having a smaller effect. The eight pool water samples did not show critical values in vitro for acute cytotoxicity or genotoxicity in the applied assays. In real pool water samples, the acute toxicological potential was not higher than for conventional disinfection methods. However, for a final assessment of toxicity, all single substance toxicities of known DBPs present in pool water treated by the ozone-bromine treatment have to be analyzed additionally. © 2021 The Authors
The standard information requirements necessary for the registration and their adaptation options for high tonnage substances are specified in the REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006. Based on the outcome of the REACH Compliance project, it is recommended that registrants scrutinize whether an update of their registration dossier is necessary to meet the information requirements. The presented recommendations are intended to support registrants to improve the quality of their registration dossiers. They address registrants of phase-in substances manufactured or imported in quantities of ≥ 1000 tpa.
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