Salt marshes along the Wadden Sea coast are often shaped by anthropogenic alterations to their hydrology and sedimentation. To investigate the effects of hydrological restoration through summer dike openings on soil carbon storage capacities, soil samples were collected from four study sites along the Lower Saxony Wadden Sea coast, Germany. Each site featured restored areas, i.e., former summer polders reconnected to tidal exchange, and reference salt marshes adjacent to the polders. The polders varied in restoration age, i.e., 0 (control, not restored), 8, 14, and 28 years, forming a chronosequence for temporal analysis, while the reference salt marshes remained unchanged. Soil samples were taken along transects that represented different marsh zones, including pioneer, lower salt marsh, and upper salt marsh. The soil samples covered soil layers down to a depth of 100 cm and were collected in five sections of 20 cm using an Edelman corer. Total carbon, organic carbon, and inorganic carbon were analyzed using CN-elementary analysis and calcimeter methods. This dataset provides valuable insights into the potential of hydrological restoration measures to enhance soil carbon sequestration in salt marshes.
The continuous agricultural soil monitoring program (BDF) by the Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture, and Geology (LfULG) is operational since 1995, collecting and analysing samples periodically from 60 monitoring sites across Saxony, Germany. Stepped thermal analysis allows for the fast and cost-effective determination of different carbon fractions of ground soil samples. This dataset reports the analysis of 902 archive samples from the Soil Monitoring Program of the State Office for Environment, Agriculture, and Geology (LfULG) collected between 1995 and 2023, and 462 samples collected during a sampling campaign in September 2023. We report the thermal soil carbon fractions TOC400, ROC (ROC600), and TIC900 measured in air-dried and ground samples according to DIN19539 / DIN EN 17505 using an Elementar soliTOC cube. This dataset is part of a mid-infrared soil spectral library for agricultural soils in Saxony, Germany.
Oxbow lakes are continuous archives of flood events. On 28th June 2022 a 7.5 m long bottom sediment core (S1: 53.24758°N and 14.46271°E, 2.4 m b.s.l.) was collected from an oxbow lake in the Lower Odra Valley, NW Poland. Drilling was conducted using an Instorf sampler (Russian type; chamber dimension: 10 x 50 cm), onboard a "Manat" catamaran motorboat. After core recovery, each half-metre section was packed into a PVC tube and kept in cool rooms with a constant temperature. Samples were collected every 4 cm. For the first 2 m of the core grain-size, geochemical and Chironomidae analyses as well as radiocarbon dating were performed, which allow to identify flood events in the last 3200 years.
Es ist bekannt, dass Vulkanausbrüche das Klima auf verschiedene Weise beeinflussen. Diese reichen von kurzfristigen Auswirkungen wie Sulfat-Injektionen, die die einfallende Sonnenstrahlung reduzieren und zu Abkühlung führen, bis zu mittelfristigen Auswirkungen wie Erwärmung durch Kohlendioxid-Entgasung. Langfristig können Auswirkungen wie eine verstärkte Verwitterung eingelagerter Basalte zu einer Entfernung von Kohlendioxid und damit Abkühlung führen. Lange Perioden intensiven Vulkanismus, die als Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) bekannt sind, können besonders tiefgreifende Auswirkungen auf das Klima haben, wobei mehrere LIPs entweder mit der globalen Erwärmung oder Abkühlung in der Erdgeschichte sowie mit Massenaussterben in Verbindung gebracht werden. Das Paläozän-Eozän-Temperaturemaximum (PETM), eine 200.000 Jahre lange Periode intensiver globaler Erwärmung vor ca. 56 Millionen Jahren, ereignete sich zur gleichen Zeit wie die Entstehung eines LIP, der North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP). Die NAIP-Entstehung wurde als Ursache für das PETM vorgeschlagen, da während des Vulkanismus Kohlendioxid und Methan freigesetzt werden, welches zu einer schnellen Erwärmung führt. Es wurde auch vermutet, dass die Ablagerung von Vulkanasche während des NAIP das Klima abgekühlt hat. Als solches ist das PETM eine ideale Periode, um die Auswirkungen des Vulkanismus auf das Erdsystem zu untersuchen. Expedition 396 des International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) hat erfolgreich eine Reihe von langen Sedimentsequenzen aus dem PETM-Zeitalter am norwegischen Rand geborgen. In diesem Projekt beabsichtige ich, detaillierte deskriptive, geochemische und modellbasierte Untersuchungen mit den Sedimenten der Expedition 396 durchzuführen, um die Rolle des NAIP-Vulkanismus im PETM zu dokumentieren. Erstens wird die Intensität des Vulkanismus durch neue Schätzungen der Kohlendioxid-, Methan- und Sulfatemissionen bewertet, um die Rolle der Gase auf den Klimawandel zu bestimmen. Durch detaillierte geochemische Untersuchungen werden die Auswirkungen der Ascheablagerung auf den Kohlenstoffkreislauf bewertet mit Schwerpunkt auf der Rolle der Asche als Nährstofflieferant für Phytoplankton liegt. Die potenziellen Auswirkungen der Ascheablagerung auf die Speicherung von Kohlenstoff im Sediment werden ebenfalls geochemisch und isotopisch untersucht. Abschließend werden die Ergebnisse unter Verwendung von Erdsystemmodelle kombiniert, um die genaue Rolle des Vulkanismus im PETM zu bestimmen. Die erwarteten Ergebnisse werden uns neue Erkenntnisse über die Rolle der LIP-Entstehung und der Ablagerung von Vulkanasche beim Klimawandel geben. Sedimente von Expedition 396 bieten eine einzigartige Gelegenheit, den geochemischen Abdruck des Vulkanismus hochauflösend zu untersuchen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit werden zu einer erheblichen Verbesserung unseres Verständnisses des PETM führen.
In the context of global change, marine organisms are subjected not only to gradual changes in abiotic parameters, but also to an increasing number of extreme events, such as heatwaves. However, we still know little about the influence of heatwaves on the structure of marine communities, and experimental studies are needed to test the impact of heatwaves alone, and in combination with other environmental drivers. Here, we conducted a mesocosm experiment and applied an integrated multiple driver design to assess the potential impact of heatwaves under ambient and future environmental conditions on natural coastal plankton communities. To represent future environmental conditions, temperature and pH were manipulated based on the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 proposed by the IPCC for 2100, and dissolved N:P ratios were increased to simulate the conditions expected in European coastal zones. Throughout the experiment, we measured abiotic conditions as well as the abundance of bacterioplankton, phytoplankton, and microzooplankton.
In der organischen Substanz (Humus) von Böden wird Kohlenstoff gespeichert. Zur Darstellung der Humusmengen bzw. -vorräten in Böden dient die vorliegende Karte. Die Einheit ist Tonnen pro Hektar (t/ha). Die organischen Kohlenstoffvorräte (Corg-Vorräte) ergeben sich aus dem Produkt von Humusgehalten in Masse-% - Boden, der Trockenrohdichte des Bodens und der Betrachtungstiefe in cm (hier 200cm). Bei mineralischen Böden unter Wald erfolgt die Darstellung unter Einbeziehung der Humusauflage. Grundlage sind die Geometrien und Idealprofile (Leit- und Begleitböden) der Bodenübersichtskarte 1:250.000 von Schleswig-Holsteinl. Die Nutzungsinformationen stammen aus dem Datensatz Corine-Landcover (CLC 5 2018 des Bundesamtes für Kartographie und Geodäsie (BKG)) und wurden für diese Karte zu 5 Klassen aggregiert. Die Attributtabelle der Karte enthält zusätzlich die Information über absolute organische Kohlenstoffvorräte der Einzelflächen. Es werden Flächen bis zu einer Mindestgröße von 1 ha dargestellt. In Siedlungsgebieten und auf stark anthropogen beeinflussten Flächen weisen die Daten höhere Unsicherheiten auf, weshalb die Kartendarstellung in diesen Bereichen ausgegraut wurde. In der Attributtabelle der Flächendaten sind die entsprechenden Angaben enthalten.
This dataset contains data from the RV Heincke cruise HE582 to the German Bight of the North Sea in late summer 2021. The aim of the research was to investigate the source of sedimentary glycan concentrations in subtidal sandy sediments. Glycans represent a substantial fraction of extracellular polymeric substances and may affect flow dynamics in marine sandy sediments. The origin and concentration of glycans in sands remain understudied until today. To gain insights into oxygen supply and glycan concentrations in sandy sediment, we conducted in situ measurements and sampled sediment via a van Veen grab for ex situ investigations. Oxygen penetration depths were determined by a benthic lander, which was deployed for ca. 24h at each station. Chlorophyll a concentrations as an indicator for potentially photosynthetically active sedimentary biomass were derived via extraction with 90% acetone against Sigma Aldrich standards. Glycan concentrations served as indicator for extracellular polymeric substances and were quantified against a glucose standard curve via a phenol sulfuric acid assay after prior sequential glycan extraction (MilliQ, EDTA, NaOH). The final glycan concentrations are referred to per volume of porespace, and therefore given in mmol/l porewater. To investigate if benthic primary producers could be responsible for the extracted sedimentary glycan concentrations, we conducted stable isotope incubations.
The permeable sandy sediments of beach aquifers receive a high input of electron acceptors, such as oxygen (O2), as well as fresh organic matter through seawater infiltration, driving the biogeochemical turnover in the subterranean estuary. Here, we experimentally determined seasonal sedimentary O2 consumption rates of intertidal sediments along a transect in the seawater infiltration zone at Spiekeroog Island North Beach, Germany, and present the data together with measurements of organic carbon and grain sizes, oxygen concentration of pore waters and beach topography. The samples were taken down to 1 m depth during two-monthly sampling campaigns from May 2022 to April 2023. Preliminary investigations of O2 consumption rates took place in in March, June and August 2017. Sediment and porewater sampling procedures were carried out as described by Massmann et al. (2023). O2 consumption rates were determined in slurry incubations of the retrieved sediments using gas tight vials (Labco Exetainer® 12 ml) equipped with O2 sensor spots (Pyroscience, OXSP5). Incubations were carried out in the dark at in situ temperatures, and vials were mounted on a rotating wheel to mimic porewater advection. The sediment's total organic carbon content was determined in a CS analyser (Eltra CS 800). Additionally, the fine fraction of the sediment was washed out and the organic carbon content of the fine sediments was measured in a CHNSO analyser (Hekatech Euro EA). The grain size distribution of the sediments was detemined using dynamic image analysis (Sympatec QICPIC). The O2 concentration in the pore water along the transect was measured immediately after the sample was taken using a flow-through oxygen optode (Pyroscience, OXFTC). The data was collected to investigate the impact of seasonal inputs and filtration efficiency on the O2 consumption during seawater infiltration into the permeable sands of beach aquifers.
This database expands the Poulton et al., 2018 (doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.888182) database of pelagic calcium carbonate (CP) rate measurements from isotopic tracer uptake in incubated discrete water samples, as discussed in Daniels et al., 2018 (doi:10.5194/essd-10-1859-2018), and accompanies Marsh et al. (in prep.). The database now includes more CP (new data n = 400; complete database n = 3165), net primary production rate (PP) (new data n = 399; complete database n = 3150), total coccolithophore cell counts (new data n = 240; complete database n = 1512), and Emiliania huxleyi cell counts (new data n = 27; complete database n = 612). This expanded database maintains the record of data, including the principal investigator, expedition, OS region, doi reference (where available), collection date and year, sample ID, latitude, longitude, sampling and light depth, and method of measuring CP. We further expand the Poulton et al. (2018) data collection by including ancillary and environmental data, including: optical depth (OD, n = 3165), pHtotal (hereinafter referred to as pHT, n = 398), temperature (n = 1160), salinity (n = 1161), and the concentrations of chlorophyll a (n = 1363), NOx (NO3 or the sum of NO3 + NO2, n = 1161), silicic acid (Si(OH)4, n= 1156), phosphate (PO4, n = 1232), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC, n = 318), total alkalinity (TA, n = 307), bicarbonate ion concentration (n = 349), and carbonate ion concentration (n = 352). All data was matched to CP, sample bottle identifiers (Niskin bottle numbers), and/or sampling depth values. This global database (81 °N - 64 °S, 132 °E - 174 °W) now covers expeditions and upper ocean measurements (0 - 193 m) from 1989 to 2024. Global in-situ geolocated data spanning time is valuable for modelling, satellite algorithms, and capturing calcium carbonate production in the global ocean. This expanded database, including the environmental, nutrient, chlorophyll a, and carbonate chemistry data, also allows for analysis of factors influencing calcium carbonate production on a global scale. This data amalgamation contributes to understanding the biogeochemistry of the oceans, global carbon cycle, and ocean acidification.
The biotrophic fungus Ustilago maydis infects corn and induces the formation of tumors. In order for the fungus to proliferate in the infected tissue, U. maydis has to redirect the metabolism of the host to the site of infection. We wish to elucidate how this is accomplished. To this end we will perform transcript profiling during the time course of infection for both, the fungus and the maize plant. This will be complemented by metabolome analysis of different tissues during infection as well as by apoplastic fluid analysis. The goals will be to identify the carbon sources taken up by the fungus during biotrophic growth, to identify the transporters required for uptake, determine their specificity and elucidate how these carbon sources are provided by the plant. Fungal mutants affected in discrete stages of pathogenic development will be included in these studies. Likely candidate genes for carbon uptake/supply as well as for redirecting host metabolism will be functionally characterized by generating knockouts in the fungus and by isolating plants carrying mutations in respective genes or by generating transgenic plants expressing RNAi constructs.
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