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Koordination und Integration von Umweltfachplanungen und ihr Verhältnis zur Stadtplanung

Die Luftreinhalteplanung verfügt über viele inhaltliche und organisatorische Schnittstellen mit anderen umweltrelevanten Fachplanungen und der Stadtplanung. Im Forschungsprojekt "Koordination und Integration von Umweltfachplanungen und ihr Verhältnis zur Stadtplanung" wurde auf der Basis eines umfangreichen Austauschs mit Fachpersonal aus der kommunalen Verwaltung analysiert, in welcher Weise formale Besonderheiten der Luftreinhalteplanung, aber auch andere Faktoren deren Möglichkeiten zur inhaltlichen und organisatorischen Abstimmung mit anderen Planungen beeinflussen. Wesentliches Ergebnis des Projekts sind 16 Handlungsempfehlungen für eine verbesserte Koordination und Integration. Sie wurden auf Grundlage der Erkenntnisse aus der kommunalen Praxis entwickelt. Inhalte der Handlungsempfehlungen sind Indikatoren, Monitoring, Evaluation und "Forschung vor Ort" zur Verstetigung der Luftreinhalteplanung, inhaltlich breiter aufgestellte Planwerke, gemeinsames Planungsverständnis, organisatorische Nähe und informeller Austausch der beteiligten Dienststellen sowie projektbezogene Teams. Es werden zudem die verbindliche Berücksichtigung von Fachkonzepten in der Bauleitplanung, eine verstärkte gegenseitige Berücksichtigung von Bebauungsplan und Verkehrsentwicklungsplanung, die Berücksichtigung der Luftqualität in der räumlichen Gesamtplanung im Siedlungsbestand sowie die frühzeitige Verankerung von Aspekten der Luftqualität in städtebaulichen Entwurfs- und Wettbewerbsverfahren empfohlen. Der Geltungsbereich von Luftreinhalteplänen soll auf Basis der Wirkungszusammenhänge abgegrenzt, möglichst vollständige und nutzbare Datengrundlagen geschaffen sowie ein regelmäßiger bundesweiter Austausch der Beteiligten der Luftreinhalteplanung initiiert werden. Quelle: Forschungsbericht

Luftqualität in der Stadt - gemeinsam weiterdenken

Umweltbezogene Fachplanungen wie die Luftreinhalteplanung, die Lärmaktionsplanung, die Landschaftsplanung, die Verkehrsplanung oder die Klimaanpassungsplanung haben zahlreiche Überscheidungspunkte. In der Praxis werden die unterschiedlichen Planungen jedoch oft unabhängig voneinander erarbeitet, obwohl sich durch eine bessere Integration in vielen Fällen Synergieeffekte ergäben. Das F&E-Vorhaben "Koordination und Integration von Umweltfachplanungen" hat deshalb untersucht, wie sich die umweltbezogenen Planungen besser vernetzen lassen und welche Hindernisse für eine verbesserte Koordination und Integration in der Praxis bestehen und hat konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen für ein besseres Zusammenwirken der Planungen entwickelt. Die Fachbroschüre fasst die wichtigsten Forschungsergebnisse zusammen. Quelle: www.umweltbundesamt.de

Die Koordination von Klimaschutzzielen: Analyse des Klimaschutzgesetzes und der Maßnahmengesetze am Beispiel des EEG

Durch die Einführung des KSG sollte die deutsche Klimaschutzpolitik zentral koordiniert und gesteuert sowie ein übergreifender Rahmen für bestehende oder noch zu ergreifende Einzelmaßnahmen geschaffen werden, durch die letztendlich die Emissionsreduktionsziele erreicht werden. Das Kurzgutachten untersucht am Beispiel des Zusammenspiels zwischen dem KSG und der Steuerung des Ausbaus erneuerbarer Energien durch das EEG 2021, wie sich die Ziele dieses übergreifenden Rahmens mit den zu dessen Ausfüllung aufgestellten Zielen der Fachgesetze verhalten. Dabei werden im Rahmen des Gutachtens sowohl die Zieldefinitionen als auch die in beiden Gesetzen verankerten Zielkontrollmechanismen untersucht. Das Kurzgutachten vergleicht die Regelungen in den Gesetzen und untersucht diese auf bestehende Verknüpfungen. Die hierdurch gezogenen Schlüsse können - unter Berücksichtigung der jeweils geltenden Besonderheiten - auch auf die Verbindung des KSG zu anderen Einzelmaßnahmen übertragen werden. Quelle: Forschungsbericht

Förderprogramm für Bürgerenergiegesellschaften in der Vorentwicklungsphase

Ein Förderprogramm für Bürgerenergiegesellschaften in der Vorentwicklungsphase kann mehrere finanzielle Risiken in einem Ausschreibungssystem adressieren. Dies kann den Erhalt der Akteursvielfalt in den Auktionsrunden unterstützen. Die Förderung müssten die Bürgerenergiegesellschaften zurückzahlen, wenn ihr Gebot in den Ausschreibungen erfolgreich ist. Im Rahmen des Förderprogramms kann eine kostenlose Beratung dazu führen, dass Bürgerenergiegesellschaften umsetzbare Projekte planen und größere Aussichten auf einen Zuschlag haben. Die zuständige Beratungsstelle kann dabei klarstellen, wer die Förderung erhält und wie hoch die Chancen sind, dass die finanziellen Mittel zurückfließen. Diese Studie untersucht, wie ein solches Förderprogramm ausgestaltet werden sollte. Das Instrument wird in den Kontext anderer Instrumente zur Verminderung von Risiken für Bürgerenergiegesellschaften eingeordnet, um herauszufinden, ob andere Instrumente geeigneter für den Erhalt der Akteursvielfalt wären. Bestehende Beispiele dieser Förderform werden dargestellt. Quelle: Forschungsbericht

European Union Basin-scale Analysis, Synthesis and Integration (EURO-BASIN)

Objective: EURO-BASIN is designed to advance our understanding on the variability, potential impacts, and feedbacks of global change and anthropogenic forcing on the structure, function and dynamics of the North Atlantic and associated shelf sea ecosystems as well as the key species influencing carbon sequestering and ecosystem functioning. The ultimate goal of the program is to further our capacity to manage these systems in a sustainable manner following the ecosystem approach. Given the scope and the international significance, EURO-BASIN is part of a multidisciplinary international effort linked with similar activities in the US and Canada. EURO-BASIN focuses on a number of key groups characterizing food web types, e.g. diatoms versus microbial loop players; key species copepods of the genus Calanus; pelagic fish, herring (Clupea harengus), mackerel (Scomber scombrus), blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) which represent some of the largest fish stocks on the planet; piscivorous pelagic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) and albacore (Thunnus alalunga) all of which serve to structure the ecosystem and thereby influence the flux of carbon from the euphotic zone via the biological carbon pump. In order to establish relationships between these key players, the project identifies and accesses relevant international databases and develops methods to integrate long term observations. These data will be used to perform retrospective analyses on ecosystem and key species/group dynamics, which are augmented by new data from laboratory experiments, mesocosm studies and field programs. These activities serve to advance modelling and predictive capacities based on an ensemble approach where modelling approaches such as size spectrum; mass balance; coupled NPZD; fisheries; and ?end to end? models and as well as ecosystem indicators are combined to develop understanding of the past, present and future dynamics of North Atlantic and shelf sea ecosystems and their living marine resources.

COSY (EU-RTN): Complex Solid State Reactions for Energy Efficient Hydrogen Storage

Reactive Hydride Composites reveal great potential as hydrogen storage materials as they overcome the thermodynamic limitations hindering the use of light-weight complex hydrides. However, their sorption kinetics is still slow due to the fact that the hydrogen sorption process takes place within complex solid state reactions. It is aim of this project to explore the fundamental mechanisms involved in these reactions. For this, experimental studies on sorption kinetics, thermodynamics, crystal structure and electronic properties of the nano-structured materials are cross-linked to ab-initio calculations and theoretical modelling. The results will provide a basis to improve material properties and to develop new catalysts for hydrogen sorption. Finally, the optimization of synthesis methods and in particular the up-scaling of hydrogen storage materials preparation will be explored in collaboration with manufacturers.

FP6-SUSTDEV, International Action for Sustainability of the Mediterranean and Black Sea EnvirOnmeNt (IASON)

Under the 2003 EU Greek presidency, cooperation with Balkan countries on environmental issues was identified as a priority of the EU/Balkan Action Plan. Large-scale co-operation is essential for effective action in the vulnerable Mediterranean and Black Sea coastal zones. During the last 50 years both areas suffered major changes; as semi-enclosed basins, both Seas are ultra-sensitive to anthropogenic stress and to climate change. An EU Presidency Conference on Sustainable Development in the Mediterranean/Black Sea (May 2003), revealed major gaps in management structures, scientific strategies and identified a diversity of environmental issues to be resolved through priority-focused RTD cooperation. Yet, while pressure on the resources of the two seas increases and the potential impact of climate change on coastal and deep-sea resources remains unknown, the two seas have never been jointly studied as systems of interacting basins and ecosystems. The proposal outlines collaboration and clustering schemes involving environmental, economic and scientific organisations in Mediterranean, Black Sea and other EU nations, in order to create synergies in networking and exchanges at several levels, addressing for the first time the system of interconnected basins as one, based on the integration of, both horizontally and vertically, natural scientists and economists. These will: 1) Create an international, interdisciplinary platform coordinating the region's scientific potential in order to prepare RTD projects, based on a Science Plan for the region, securing sustainable development; 2) Focus on natural and anthropogenic pressures exerted upon the functioning of the ecosystem; 3) Reinforce RTD capacity by setting up an environment/resource monitoring network in the light of existing observation networks of different scopes. Prime Contractor: Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, Anavyssos, GR.

Architecture and roadmap to manage multiple pressures on lagoons (ARCH)

Objective: The ARCH research project Architecture and roadmap to manage multiple pressures on lagoons aims to develop participative methodologies in collaboration with policy makers, local authorities and stakeholders to manage the multiple problems affecting lagoons (estuarine coastal areas). These areas represent ecosystems that are very vulnerable for climate change, increasing urbanisation and industrialisation. A central feature of ARCH is to provide realistic solutions to manage these pressures and establish a better connection (the arch) between science and policy. This is accomplished by facilitating the transition (i) from segregated disciplinary scientific results to well integrated and usable scientific knowledge, (ii) from government and sectoral policies towards governance and sustainable management; and (iii) from an unaware and uninformed lagoon community towards an involved and well-informed community. ARCH will work with 10 case study lagoons and estuaries having a geographical distribution covering all major seas surrounding Europe. A participatory workshop methodology will be used at the lagoon sites to develop a decision framework to choose strategies, interventions and measures to manage the existing and future problems in the lagoon. This is accomplished using an integrated planning approach, considering ecosystem services to assess the social, economic and ecological state of the lagoon and linking this to spatial planning methodology. The final products of ARCH are roadmaps for implementation of realistic solutions at the lagoon scale, a management guide for coastal managers and policy makers in Europe and the European Lagoon Management Handbook. The project will actively disseminate products and experiences via newsletters, multiplier seminars, a website and specific web-tool for discussion, and a final conference. The legacy beyond the lifetime of the project is ensured by the connection to international networks, like the UNESCO HELP-program.

Raising the alert about critical feedbacks between climate and long-term land use change in the Amazon (AMAZALERT)

AMAZALERT will enable raising the alert about critical feedbacks between climate, society, land-use change, vegetation change, water availability and policies in Amazonia. We will: 1) analyze and improve coupled models of global climate and Amazon, land use, vegetation and socio-economic drivers to quantify anthropogenic and climate induced land-use and land cover change and non-linear, irreversible feedbacks among these components 2) assess the role of regional and global policies and societal responses in the Amazon region for altering the trajectory of land-use change in the face of climate change and other anthropogenic factors and finally 3) propose i) an Early Warning System for detecting any imminent irreversible loss of Amazon ecosystem services, ii) policy response strategies to prevent such loss. We first prioritise the functions of Amazonia and threats to these. We then will analyse uncertainties in biogeochemistry, land cover (vegetation), land-use change and regional hydrology, as well as nonlinear responses and feedbacks using existing and new simulations from state of the art models in which land surface is coupled to global climate. The way in which policies and possible future response strategies of policy makers, trade and economy will affect land-use change will be modelled. This will lead to (A) understanding the impact on and effectiveness of a range of international and regional policy options, including REDD+; and (B) identification of both biophysical and socio-economic indicators of irreversible change. AMAZALERT integrates the multidisciplinary knowledge and research of world-renowned, highly influential climate, land cover, land use change scientists and also policy analysts from 14 European and South-American institutions that have been collaborating for 10 to 30 years. Thus, this project can achieve maximum impact on EU (2020 climate goals), international and South-American strategies, including REDD

Atmospheric Composition Change: the European Network-Policy Support and Science (ACCENT-PLUS)

Objective: Fragmentation of research efforts, lack of a shared scientific vision and insufficient availability of research tools, shared databases, etc., is a major limitation for the understanding of atmospheric composition change over Europe under a changing climate, and the consequent inadequate transfer of prospects to the decision makers for future policies. The ACCENT-Plus project builds on the successful efforts of the Network of Excellence ACCENT which, over the past six years, has brought together the atmospheric science community engaged in global change and air pollution studies. The integration efforts within the ACCENT Network have produced a stronger cohesion of the community, including research groups from the new EU Member States and have facilitated the engagement of a new generation of scientists who have started their career in the collaborative environment promoted by ACCENT. ACCENT-Plus aims at extending the breath of the previous ACCENT phase to reach out to the policy community, facilitating the transfer of research results into policy/decision making. A prerequisite to reach this goal is to continue fostering the coordination and integration of the European science community, associating with this new effort all partners and associates of the previous ACCENT phase. Joint research programming, contribution to the international research agenda, access to information, training/mobility activities and facilitation in the use of research infrastructures will be key elements of ACCENT-Plus to preserve and enhance the excellence of European research in an ERA context, to produce integrated assessment and synthesis of scientific results and to connect science and policy making by transferring to the decision makers the important links between air quality and climate change and the prospects and benefits of co-control policies.

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