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Koordination und Integration von Umweltfachplanungen und ihr Verhältnis zur Stadtplanung

Die Luftreinhalteplanung verfügt über viele inhaltliche und organisatorische Schnittstellen mit anderen umweltrelevanten Fachplanungen und der Stadtplanung. Im Forschungsprojekt "Koordination und Integration von Umweltfachplanungen und ihr Verhältnis zur Stadtplanung" wurde auf der Basis eines umfangreichen Austauschs mit Fachpersonal aus der kommunalen Verwaltung analysiert, in welcher Weise formale Besonderheiten der Luftreinhalteplanung, aber auch andere Faktoren deren Möglichkeiten zur inhaltlichen und organisatorischen Abstimmung mit anderen Planungen beeinflussen. Wesentliches Ergebnis des Projekts sind 16 Handlungsempfehlungen für eine verbesserte Koordination und Integration. Sie wurden auf Grundlage der Erkenntnisse aus der kommunalen Praxis entwickelt. Inhalte der Handlungsempfehlungen sind Indikatoren, Monitoring, Evaluation und "Forschung vor Ort" zur Verstetigung der Luftreinhalteplanung, inhaltlich breiter aufgestellte Planwerke, gemeinsames Planungsverständnis, organisatorische Nähe und informeller Austausch der beteiligten Dienststellen sowie projektbezogene Teams. Es werden zudem die verbindliche Berücksichtigung von Fachkonzepten in der Bauleitplanung, eine verstärkte gegenseitige Berücksichtigung von Bebauungsplan und Verkehrsentwicklungsplanung, die Berücksichtigung der Luftqualität in der räumlichen Gesamtplanung im Siedlungsbestand sowie die frühzeitige Verankerung von Aspekten der Luftqualität in städtebaulichen Entwurfs- und Wettbewerbsverfahren empfohlen. Der Geltungsbereich von Luftreinhalteplänen soll auf Basis der Wirkungszusammenhänge abgegrenzt, möglichst vollständige und nutzbare Datengrundlagen geschaffen sowie ein regelmäßiger bundesweiter Austausch der Beteiligten der Luftreinhalteplanung initiiert werden. Quelle: Forschungsbericht

Luftqualität in der Stadt - gemeinsam weiterdenken

Umweltbezogene Fachplanungen wie die Luftreinhalteplanung, die Lärmaktionsplanung, die Landschaftsplanung, die Verkehrsplanung oder die Klimaanpassungsplanung haben zahlreiche Überscheidungspunkte. In der Praxis werden die unterschiedlichen Planungen jedoch oft unabhängig voneinander erarbeitet, obwohl sich durch eine bessere Integration in vielen Fällen Synergieeffekte ergäben. Das F&E-Vorhaben "Koordination und Integration von Umweltfachplanungen" hat deshalb untersucht, wie sich die umweltbezogenen Planungen besser vernetzen lassen und welche Hindernisse für eine verbesserte Koordination und Integration in der Praxis bestehen und hat konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen für ein besseres Zusammenwirken der Planungen entwickelt. Die Fachbroschüre fasst die wichtigsten Forschungsergebnisse zusammen. Quelle: www.umweltbundesamt.de

Die Koordination von Klimaschutzzielen: Analyse des Klimaschutzgesetzes und der Maßnahmengesetze am Beispiel des EEG

Durch die Einführung des KSG sollte die deutsche Klimaschutzpolitik zentral koordiniert und gesteuert sowie ein übergreifender Rahmen für bestehende oder noch zu ergreifende Einzelmaßnahmen geschaffen werden, durch die letztendlich die Emissionsreduktionsziele erreicht werden. Das Kurzgutachten untersucht am Beispiel des Zusammenspiels zwischen dem KSG und der Steuerung des Ausbaus erneuerbarer Energien durch das EEG 2021, wie sich die Ziele dieses übergreifenden Rahmens mit den zu dessen Ausfüllung aufgestellten Zielen der Fachgesetze verhalten. Dabei werden im Rahmen des Gutachtens sowohl die Zieldefinitionen als auch die in beiden Gesetzen verankerten Zielkontrollmechanismen untersucht. Das Kurzgutachten vergleicht die Regelungen in den Gesetzen und untersucht diese auf bestehende Verknüpfungen. Die hierdurch gezogenen Schlüsse können - unter Berücksichtigung der jeweils geltenden Besonderheiten - auch auf die Verbindung des KSG zu anderen Einzelmaßnahmen übertragen werden. Quelle: Forschungsbericht

Förderprogramm für Bürgerenergiegesellschaften in der Vorentwicklungsphase

Ein Förderprogramm für Bürgerenergiegesellschaften in der Vorentwicklungsphase kann mehrere finanzielle Risiken in einem Ausschreibungssystem adressieren. Dies kann den Erhalt der Akteursvielfalt in den Auktionsrunden unterstützen. Die Förderung müssten die Bürgerenergiegesellschaften zurückzahlen, wenn ihr Gebot in den Ausschreibungen erfolgreich ist. Im Rahmen des Förderprogramms kann eine kostenlose Beratung dazu führen, dass Bürgerenergiegesellschaften umsetzbare Projekte planen und größere Aussichten auf einen Zuschlag haben. Die zuständige Beratungsstelle kann dabei klarstellen, wer die Förderung erhält und wie hoch die Chancen sind, dass die finanziellen Mittel zurückfließen. Diese Studie untersucht, wie ein solches Förderprogramm ausgestaltet werden sollte. Das Instrument wird in den Kontext anderer Instrumente zur Verminderung von Risiken für Bürgerenergiegesellschaften eingeordnet, um herauszufinden, ob andere Instrumente geeigneter für den Erhalt der Akteursvielfalt wären. Bestehende Beispiele dieser Förderform werden dargestellt. Quelle: Forschungsbericht

FP6-SUSTDEV, International Action for Sustainability of the Mediterranean and Black Sea EnvirOnmeNt (IASON)

Under the 2003 EU Greek presidency, cooperation with Balkan countries on environmental issues was identified as a priority of the EU/Balkan Action Plan. Large-scale co-operation is essential for effective action in the vulnerable Mediterranean and Black Sea coastal zones. During the last 50 years both areas suffered major changes; as semi-enclosed basins, both Seas are ultra-sensitive to anthropogenic stress and to climate change. An EU Presidency Conference on Sustainable Development in the Mediterranean/Black Sea (May 2003), revealed major gaps in management structures, scientific strategies and identified a diversity of environmental issues to be resolved through priority-focused RTD cooperation. Yet, while pressure on the resources of the two seas increases and the potential impact of climate change on coastal and deep-sea resources remains unknown, the two seas have never been jointly studied as systems of interacting basins and ecosystems. The proposal outlines collaboration and clustering schemes involving environmental, economic and scientific organisations in Mediterranean, Black Sea and other EU nations, in order to create synergies in networking and exchanges at several levels, addressing for the first time the system of interconnected basins as one, based on the integration of, both horizontally and vertically, natural scientists and economists. These will: 1) Create an international, interdisciplinary platform coordinating the region's scientific potential in order to prepare RTD projects, based on a Science Plan for the region, securing sustainable development; 2) Focus on natural and anthropogenic pressures exerted upon the functioning of the ecosystem; 3) Reinforce RTD capacity by setting up an environment/resource monitoring network in the light of existing observation networks of different scopes. Prime Contractor: Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, Anavyssos, GR.

IC-AVICENNE, An Investigation into the Effects of Sludge Amendment of Soils on Agricultural Pesticide Transport

Objective: - Investigation of the effects of sludge amendment to soil on pesticide transport affected by sludge-derivated detergents, organic matter and dissolved organic matter; - Influence of organic matter, dissolved organic matter and incubation of amended soils on adsorption and desorption of pesticides (Atrazine, Simazine, Terbuylazine and Ametryne); - Influence of sludge amendment to soil on heavy metal content and degradation of pesticides (Atrazine), PAHs (polyaromatic hydrocarbons), PCB (polychlorinated biphenyls), OCP (organochlorine pesticides) and detergents (LAS = linear alkyl benzenesulfonate and homologues and Nonylphenol); - Influence on sludge amendment to soil on growth yield and soil properties. General Information: - Sorption studies under laboratory conditions with triacine herbicides (Ametryne, Atrazine, Simazine Terbutylazine) with samples from an Egyptian clay soil and Israelian loess soil, sewage sludge and compost; - Breakthrough studies under laboratory conditions with Ametryne, Atrazine and Terbutylazine with compost and sewage sludge amended fine sand and loess: fine sand columns; - Breakthrough studies under laboratory conditions with triacine herbicides (Ametryne, Atrazine, Terbutylazine) with amended soils: Fresh versus incubated systems; - Movement of Terbutylazine in test microcosms; - Atrazine degradation under laboratory conditions in sludge amended soils; - Field experiments in Egypt (a sandy Gypsum Soil and a Vertisol) to investigate the effects on sludge- amendment to soil on crop production and soil properties; - Field experiments in Egypt (a sandy Gypsum Soil and a Vertisol) to investigate degradation and movement of Atrazine, LAS including homologues and Nonylphenol after sewage sludge amendment; - Field experiments in Egypt (a sandy Gypsum Soil and a clay rich Vertisol) to investigate the influence of sludge amendment on the heavy metal content; - Influence of sewage sludge amendment on PAH (poly aromatic hydrocarbons), PCB (polychlorinated biphenyls) or OCP (organochlorine pesticides) content in soil.

Supporting SME driven olive industry to comply with EU directives directives by turining olive oil waste water into energy through innovative bioreactor biotechnology, and extraction of olive oil industry by-products (EN-X-OLIVE)

Technical scenario: Olive production is a significant economic sector in southern Member States, especially in Spain, Italy, Greece and Portugal. However, the extraction process involved in olive oil production generates non biodegradable phytotoxic waste, and is therefore a significant source of pollution. Despite the introduction in the 90s of improved separation systems such as 2-phase centrifugation system, that reduce both water use and the quantities of liquid residues produced, the problems of waste toxicity, high energy consumption and the disposal of final residues remain. Olive oil production gives a final waste consisting in a solid and very humid by-product called alperujo (AL) or Olive wet cake. The problem of AL disposal has not been fully resolved and research into new technological procedures that permit its profitable use is needed. In addition, these wastes also contain valuable resources such as phenolic compounds, (approximately 53Prozent in olive oil mill waste waters), characterised by different biological activity properties which could be of interest in industry (i.e. their strong antioxidant activity). Current extraction of these compounds is not available from olive oil waste water, since technology is not fully developed and optimised to get large scale prototyping such as Pilot plant stage. Proposed solution: We propose a method focused on both treatment of olive waste waters with by anaerobic digestion transforming biomass into biogas, basically Methane, and extraction from liquid fraction of valuable products, such as polyphenols. vSynergy between these technologies will allow overcome technical barriers such as polyphenol inactivation of the digestion process, making more efficient the process and letting a higher purity of the waste water product.

FP6-INCO, Optimal engineering design for dependable water and power generation in remote areas using renewable energies and intelligent automation (OPEN-GAIN)

Objective: To combat water scarcity and desertification, intensive desalination activities have been carried out in remote arid regions. However, desalting is resources and energy intensive, which are limited and expensive. Thus, water production must be increased while keeping the consumption of resources affordable. For remote arid areas, de-centralised solutions for energy and water co-production offer advantages over large central production sites. Finally, skilled personnel is normally absent in such areas, what demands dependable systems. To implement all this, a highly qualified consortium complemented by experienced subcontracting companies was established. This project offers a solution to cost optimal co-production of energy and water using renewable energy besides diesel generators. Cost optimisation is achieved through a high level of automation, which is necessary to adapt the working conditions to the strongly varying renewable energy supply, and remote maintenance. The approach is based on thorough modelling of the processes and offers a large degree of flexibility in the design to meet different production requirements. The project's work packages are so organised that high teamwork with less management effort is possible. The later transfer from R& TD to the manufacturers will lead to new products with increased benefits. Companies will reduce cost due to an optimal engineering design. They can also offer better maintenance services based on higher reliability and remote monitoring. European countries will become more familiar with the MPC regional demands. This shall lead to a decisive advantage in the international market with a better access for their products to MPC and MENA countries. The new product shall also improve the quality of life in the affected regions and MPC will obtain a better access to European R&TD; their personnel of water authorities and power suppliers shall obtain an added qualification for engineering services.

Twinning European and South Asian river basins to enhance capacity and implement adaptive integrated water ressources management approaches (BRAHMATWINN)

BRAHMATWINN will enhance capacity to carry out a harmonised integrated water resources management (IWRM) approach as addressed by the European Water Initiative (EWI) in headwater river systems of alpine mountain massifs already impacted from climate change, and to establish transfer of professional IWRM expertise, approaches and tools based on case studies carried out in twinning European and Asian river basins. With altogether eleven work packages (WP) the project addresses all important IWRM issues in a balanced way, including conflict resolution in the trans- boundary twinning Upper Danube River Basin (UDRB) and the Upper Brahmaputra River Basins (UBRB) in Europe and South Asia respectively. In altogether seventy work tasks of the jointly identified WP social and natural scientists in cooperation with water law experts and local stakeholders will realize the project outcomes: (i) an integrated holistic approach and assessment of the transboundary UDRB and UBRB for sustainable IWRM; (ii) integrated indicators to quantify the natural environment and human dimension, selected to assess IWRM vulnerabilities; (iii) an integrated water resources management system (IWRMS) comprising the DANUBIA hydrological model, the river basin information system (RBIS) and the network analysis, creative modelling decision support system NetSyMod; (iv) a set of what-if scenarios, evaluated using the DPSIR approach, and associated adaptive IWRM options tested by means of the IWRMS to mitigate impacts of likely climate change; and (v) IWRM action plans based on the stakeholder negotiation and the governance assessment. The project consortium of altogether fifteen partners from Europe (10 partner) and Asia (5 partner) shares the financial grant requested proportionally and will guarantee the generation of the necessary synergism required to represent the complex system component interaction and to carry out the required knowledge transfer between Europe and Asia.

FP6-INCO, Innovative decision making for sustainable management of water in developing countries (DIM-SUM)

Innovative decision making for sustainable management of water aims at providing tools needed if any integrated and participatory management of water should be carried out. Management refers in this context to its core element, the decision making process (DMP). Focusing at water supply and sanitation (as there the need is paramount), DIM-SUM will carry out one case study in one river basin in each participating partner country: Indonesia, Maharashtra-India, Malaysia and Nepal in order to evaluate and develop these tools.

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