Das Projekt "Test scenarios for the determination of sound emissions from road, rail, industry and the calculation of the propagation of sound (BUB), the calculation of environmental noise from airports (BUF) and assessment of the noise exposure of affected persons (BEB) according to Directive (EU) 2015/996" wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen (BASt).To improve the noise situation in Europe, the EU issued the Environmental Noise Directive (2002/49/EC) in 2002. It was transposed into German law in 2005. The aim is to reduce environmental noise and prevent an increase in noise in previously quiet areas. To this end, noise pollution is to be recorded in noise maps by means of uniform assessment methods for noise indices in Europe and then reduced by means of concrete measures. In recent years, the EU has developed these methods under the acronym CNOSSOS-EU (Common Noise Assessment Methods in Europe) with the participation of the Member States. These calculation methods were introduced by an amendment to Annex II of the EU Environmental Noise Directive 2015 as Directive (EU) 2015/996 (1) for subsequent national implementation ((2) to (6)) and are to be applied by all Member States as of 1 January 2019. In this documentation, the methods for the determination of sound emissions, the calculation of sound propagation and the assessment of noise exposure are applied to exemplary scenarios. A distinction is made between noise from sources close to the ground (road, rail, industry) and sources from air traffic (aircraft noise). In accordance with the calculation regulations (2) to (6), model calculations (creating scenarios and test cases) are documented in detail. This way, a quality assurance of noise calculations in accordance with DIN 45687 (11) is made possible and a uniform and comprehensible application of the methods is ensured throughout Germany.
Das Projekt "The effect of water storage variations on in-situ gravity measurements and their use for hydrology (HYGRA)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum.Water storage variations in the soil, groundwater, snow cover and in surface water bodies cause a gravitational effect due to mass attraction. Thus, there exists a strong interrelation between hydrology and gravity. From a hydrological perspective, the estimation of water storage and its spatio-temporal changes is essential for setting up water balances and for effective water use and management. However, direct measurements of local water storage changes are still a challenging task while time-variable gravity observations are a promising tool as an integrative measure of total water storage changes. From a geodetic perspective, the hydrological gravity effect is an interfering signal, which imposes noise on gravimetric measurements and thus has to be eliminated from the gravity records. Superconducting gravimeters (SG) enable the in situ observation of the temporal changes of the earth gravity field. These SG data contain information about polar motion, earth tides, oscillations of the earth, atmospheric pressure and hydrology. But still variations in local water masses have a significant influence on SG measurements. Hence, the question is: How does local water storage change influence the signal of SG measurements? Objective: The objective of the HYGRA project is to separate the local hydrological signal from the integral signal of the SG records. From the geodetic perspective, this will provide a tool to remove the unwanted hydrological noise in SG recordings. At the same time, the hydrological gravity signal bears the potential to estimate hydrological state variables (ground water, soil moisture). Study Area: The HYGRA project focuses the relation of local hydrology and gravity in following study areas: Geodätisches Observatorium Wettzell, Deutschland; South African Geodynamic Observatory (SAGOS). Method The investigation of the interrelation between hydrology and geodesy is done by following worksteps: 1. 4D Simulation of the influence of water storage changes on the superconducting gravimeter; 2. Measuring and modelling of the different water storages; namely groundwater, soil moisture and snow; 3. Transformation of the water storage changes to a gravimetric signal; 4. Comparison between the measured gravity change by the SG and the estimated hydrological gravity response.
Das Projekt "Berechnung von Waffenlaerm" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Bundesamt für Rüstung armasuisse, Beschaffungs- und Technologiezentrum. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Bundesamt für Rüstung armasuisse, Beschaffungs- und Technologiezentrum.Weiterentwicklung des Computermodells WAPA der EMPA zur Berechnung der Laermbelas- tung von Schiessplaetzen. Validierung anhand von vorhandenen Daten und anhand von neuen Schiesslaermmessungen.
Das Projekt "Alpentransit: Kognitive, motivationale und physiologische Effekte durch Eisenbahn- und Straßenverkehrslärm auf Kinder" wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Oldenburg, Fachbereich 5 Psychologie, Institut zur Erforschung von Mensch-Umwelt-Beziehungen.Im Rahmen einer Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung (UVP) für das Land Österreich wurden 123 Kinder im Alter von 10 Jahren aus lärmbelasteten Gebieten des Unterinntals (kombinierter Eisenbahn- und Straßenverkehrslärm) in einem mobilen und schallisolierten Labor untersucht. Erste Ergebnisse deuten an, dass Kinder aus lauten Gebieten sich weniger durch die Präsentation durch Verkehrsschall belästigt fühlen, jedoch bei Gedächtnisaufgaben weniger Details wiedererinnerten und eine höhere Fehlerrate aufwiesen.