Vor dem Hintergrund von Klimaschutz und steigenden Energiepreisen gewinnt die Energieeinsparung in Mietwohngebäuden immer mehr an Bedeutung. Da ein Fehlen von energetischen Differenzierungsmerkmalen im Mietspiegel einerseits den Markt nicht ausreichend abbildet und andererseits als Hemmnis für Investitionen in energetische Modernisierung wirken kann, sollen in dem Projekt Handlungsempfehlungen zur verstärkten Nutzung von energetischen Differenzierungsmerkmalen in Mietspiegeln erarbeitet werden. Ausgangslage: Das Thema Energieeinsparung in Gebäuden gerät zunehmend in den Fokus der Politik. In Mietwohngebäuden besteht das Dilemma, dass für die Investitionen in energetische Modernisierungen die Vermieter aufkommen müssen, den Nutzen aber die Mieter in Form von geringen Nebenkosten haben. Wird die Vergleichsmiete im Mietspiegel nicht von der energetischen Gebäudequalität beeinflusst, besteht für den Vermieter nach einer energetischen Modernisierung lediglich die Möglichkeit einer Mieterhöhung nach Paragraph 559 BGB um 11Prozent der Modernisierungskosten pro Jahr. Unter gewissen Rahmenbedingungen wird die Refinanzierung der energetischen Modernisierung hierüber nicht erreicht. Da ein Fehlen von energetischen Differenzierungsmerkmalen im Mietspiegel einerseits den Markt nicht ausreichend abbildet und andererseits als Hemmnis für Investitionen wirkt, wird in zahlreichen Städten das Thema diskutiert bzw. wurden bereits in einer Reihe von Städten energetische Differenzierungsmerkmale bei der Mietspiegelerstellung berücksichtigt wie zum Beispiel im Darmstädter Mietspiegel. Zielsetzung: Ziel des Forschungsprojektes ist es, Handlungsempfehlungen für Kommunalverwaltungen, Verbände und Politik zur verstärkten Nutzung von energetischen Differenzierungsmerkmalen in Mietspiegeln zu geben. Dabei werden verschiedene Verfahren mit unterschiedlichem Differenzierungsniveau betrachtet und diskutiert.
Farm structures are often characterized by regional heterogeneity, agglomeration effects, sub-optimal farm sizes and income disparities. The main objective of this study is to analyze whether this is a result of path dependent structural change, what the determinants of path dependence are, and how it may be overcome. The focus is on the German dairy sector which has been highly regulated and subsidized in the past and faces severe structural deficits. The future of this sector in the process of an ongoing liberalization will be analyzed by applying theoretical concepts of path dependence and path breaking. In these regards, key issues are the actual situation, technological and market trends as well as agricultural policies. The methodology will be based on a participative use of the agent-based model AgriPoliS and participatory laboratory experiments. On the one hand, AgriPoliS will be tested as a tool for stakeholder oriented analysis of mechanisms, trends and policy effects. This part aims to analyze whether and how path dependence of structural change can be overcome on a sector level. In a second part, AgriPoliS will be extended such that human players (farmers, students) can take over the role of agents in the model. This part aims to compare human agents with computer agents in order to overcome single farm path dependence.
The objective of this study is to present an alternative and more realistic view of the chances of the future uses of renewable energies in the global energy supply. The scenarios in this study are based on the analysis of the development and market penetration of renewable energy technologies in different regions in the last few decades. The scenarios address the question of how fast renewable technologies might be implemented on a worldwide scale and project the costs this would incur. Many factors, such as technology costs and costreduction ratios, investments and varying economic conditions in the worlds regions, available potentials, and characteristics of growth have been incorporated in order to fulfil this task. Off course the scenarios describe two possible developments among other possibilities, but they represent realistic possibilities that give reason for optimism. The results of both scenarios show that - until 2030 - renewable capacities can be extended by a far greater amount and that it is much cheaper than most scientist and people actually think. The scenarios do explicitly not describe a maximum possible development from the technological perspective but show that much can be achieved with even moderate investments. The scenarios do not pay attention to the further development of Hydropower, except for incorporating the extensions that are planned actually. This is not done to express our disbelief in the existence of additional potentials or to ignore Hydropower, but due to the fact that reliable data about sustainable Hydropower potentials were not available. Consequently, the figures in this study show how much can be achieved, even if Hydropower remains on today's levels more or less. Higher investments into single technologies, e.g. Hydropower or Biomass, or in general than assumed in the REO 2030 scenarios will result in higher generating capacities by 2030. On the global scale scenario results for 2030 show a 29 percent renewable supply of the heat and electricity (final energy demand) in the High Variant . According to the Low Variant over 17 percent of the final electricity and heat demand can be covered by renewable energy technologies. Presuming strong political support and a barrier-free market entrance, the dominating stimulus for extending the generation capacities of renewable technologies is the amount of money invested. Within the REO scenarios we assume a growing 'willingness to pay' for clean, secure and sustainable energy supply starting with a low amount in 2010. This willingness to pay gets expressed as a target level for annual investments per inhabitant (capita) that will be reached by the year 2030. The targeted amounts differ for the various regions of the world. In global average 124 € 2006 are spent in 2030 per capita in the 'High Variant'. In the 'Low Variant' the target for 2030 is half that amount (62 € 2006 per capita and year). ...
Ziel der Studie war die Analyse der Inanspruchnahme und der Beurteilung von Beratungsunternehmen durch oekologisch wirtschaftende Landwirte sowie die Erarbeitung von Empfehlungen fuer den Ausbau der landwirtschaftlichen Beratung. Zu diesem Zweck wurden alle oekologisch wirtschaftenden Landwirte in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern schriftlich befragt. Das wichtigste Ergebnis der Studie war, dass die Landwirte einen erheblichen Beratungsbedarf fuer eine verstaerkte Absatzberatung sehen, der durch die Anbieter im Land nicht gedeckt werden kann.
Over the last three decades, real energy prices have increased relatively to real prices for agricultural products. Consequently, bioenergy as a share in total energy demand has increased worldwide and is expected to further increase. The potential supply of biomass for energy production has an impact on the future energy balance and demand for energy from biomass has an impact on agricultural markets. This interrelationship has often been analyzed based on either energy system models assuming a given biomass supply, or on agricultural sector models assuming a given biomass demand for energy. Alternatively, some studies address these market interdependencies based on general equilibrium models with a very stylized representation of the energy sector.The objective of this subproject is to analyze ex-ante the interdependence between the energy and the agricultural sector in the EU under energy as well as to analyze agricultural policy scenarios based on the combined use of two well-established partial models: the Integrated Markal Efom System (TIMES) PanEU Model, which is a bottom up dynamic energy system model and the European Simulation Model (ESIM), which is a partial equilibrium comparative static agricultural sector model.The work program includes the identification and creation of interfaces and exchange variables for both models, the conceptualization of the regional dimension of bioenergy markets, the further development of both models, as well as scenario development and analysis. Close interrelations exist with subproject 6: the interface with FARMIS allows addressing regional and farm specific effects of energy policy scenarios; and with subproject 8: the inclusion of agriculture in EU climate policy will have effects on the potential of the agricultural sector to supply biomass for energy, which will be taken into account.
Die Auswirkungen der Transformation auf verschiedenen Stufen der Wertschöpfungskette für Kautschuk-und Palmöl in der Provinz Jambi werden in diesem SP analysiert. Hierzu wird auf der gemeinsamen Basis der repräsentativen Haushaltsbefragung Effizienz und Produktivität von Kleinbauern untersucht. Eine Interview basierte Befragung von Händlern wird durchgeführt, um Einblicke in das Funktionieren des lokalen Vermarktungskette zu gewinnen. Für die Analyse der Anbindung an die globalen Märkte für Palmöl und Kautschuk werden sekundäre Daten über Preise und Handelsströme verwendet werden, um das Ausmaß der Integration der Märkte und die Auswirkungen bestimmter Politikmaßnahmen auf die Handelskosten sowie die Marktfunktion abzuschätzen. Umweltindikatoren von anderen SPs werden genutzt, um ökologische Effizienz und Aspekte der Nachhaltigkeit in der Wertschöpfungskette zu beurteilen.
The uncertainty surrounding the future of existing carbon markets in recent years has prevented valuable resources from being channeled to low-carbon investments, particularly from the private sector. Additionally, the prospect of a coordinated international approach to carbon pricing will remain uncertain for several years. However, the report reveals, that regional, national and sub-national carbon pricing initiatives are proliferating. Despite weak international carbon markets, both developed and developing countries are mainstreaming carbon pricing initiatives in national climate change and development strategies. This report prepared by the World Bank together with Ecofys, replaces the State and Trends of the Carbon Market series. Unlike in previous years, the report does not provide a quantitative, transaction-based analysis of the international carbon market as current market conditions invalidate any attempt and interest to undertake such analysis. The development of national and sub-national carbon pricing initiatives in an increasing number of countries calls for a different focus. This report maps existing and emerging carbon pricing initiatives around the world, hence its new title. It analyses common considerations across the initiatives, such as setting the appropriate ambition level, implementing price stabilization mechanisms, using offsets, and taking concrete moves towards linking schemes together. Feel free to watch below webcast by Alyssa Gilbert to familiarise yourself with the main outcomes of the study.
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