Flowering time (FTi) genes play a key role as regulators of complex gene expression networks, and the influence of these networks on other complex systems means that FTi gene expression triggers a cascade of regulatory effects with a broad global effect on plant development. Hence, allelic and expression differences in FTi genes can play a central role in phenotypic variation throughput the plant lifecycle. A prime example for this is found in Brassica napus, a phenotypically and genetically diverse species with enormous variation in vernalisation requirement and flowering traits. The species includes oilseed rape (canola), one of the most important oilseed crops worldwide. Previously we have identified QTL clusters related to plant development, seed yield and heterosis in winter oilseed rape that seem to be conserved in diverse genetic backgrounds. We suspect that these QTL are controlled by global regulatory genes that influence numerous traits at different developmental stages. Interestingly, many of the QTL clusters for yield and biomass heterosis appear to correspond to the positions of meta-QTL for FTi in spring-type and/or winter-type B. napus. Based on the hypothesis that diversity in FTi genes has a key influence on plant development and yield, the aim of this study is a detailed analysis of DNA sequence variation in regulatory FTi genes in B. napus, combined with an investigation of associations between FTi gene haplotypes, developmental traits, yield components and seed yield.
Farm structures are often characterized by regional heterogeneity, agglomeration effects, sub-optimal farm sizes and income disparities. The main objective of this study is to analyze whether this is a result of path dependent structural change, what the determinants of path dependence are, and how it may be overcome. The focus is on the German dairy sector which has been highly regulated and subsidized in the past and faces severe structural deficits. The future of this sector in the process of an ongoing liberalization will be analyzed by applying theoretical concepts of path dependence and path breaking. In these regards, key issues are the actual situation, technological and market trends as well as agricultural policies. The methodology will be based on a participative use of the agent-based model AgriPoliS and participatory laboratory experiments. On the one hand, AgriPoliS will be tested as a tool for stakeholder oriented analysis of mechanisms, trends and policy effects. This part aims to analyze whether and how path dependence of structural change can be overcome on a sector level. In a second part, AgriPoliS will be extended such that human players (farmers, students) can take over the role of agents in the model. This part aims to compare human agents with computer agents in order to overcome single farm path dependence.
Visualized position. Position does not represent exact sample coordinates. Do not use data set as point data.
Die Messstelle obh. Wegebr. bei Zeckenmühle (Messstellen-Nr: 14272) befindet sich im Gewässer Mistel. Die Messstelle dient der Überwachung des biologischen Zustands, des chemischen Zustands.
Die Messstelle in BT, uth. Strbr. Scheffelstr. FMISTB16 (Messstellen-Nr: 96687) befindet sich im Gewässer Mistel. Die Messstelle dient der Überwachung des biologischen Zustands, des chemischen Zustands.
Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV, Baculoviridae) is one of the most important agents for the control of codling moth (CM, Cydia pomonella, L.) in both biological and integrated pest management. The rapid emergence of resistance against CpGV-M, which was observed in about 40 European CM field populations from 2003 on, could be traced back to a single, dominant, sex-linked gene. Since then, resistance management has been based on mixtures of new CpGV isolates (CpGV-I12, -S), which are able to overcome this resistance. Recently, resistance even to these novel isolates was observed in CM field populations. This resistance does not follow the described dominant, sex-linked inheritance trait. At the same time, another isolate CpGV-V15 was identified showing high virulence against these resistant populations. To elucidate this novel resistance mechanism and to identify the resistance gene(s) involved, we propose a comprehensive analysis of this resistance on the cellular and genomic level of codling moth. Because of the lack of previous knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of virus resistance in insects, several different and complementary approaches will be pursued. This study will not only give an in-depth insight into the genetic possibilities for development of baculovirus resistance in CM field populations and how the virus overcomes it, but can also serve as an important model for other baculovirus-host interaction systems.
Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV) is a plant pathogen of economic and ecologic importance. It is globally distributed in a wide range of forest, fruit, and ornamental trees and shrubs. In several areas of cherry and walnut production CLRV causes severe losses in yield and quality. With current reference to the rapid dissemination and strong symptom expression in Finnish birches and the Germany-wide distribution of CLRV in birches and elderberry, we continuously investigate and gradually reveal CLRV transmission pathways as by pollen, seeds or water. However, modes and interactions responsible for the wide intergeneric host transmission as well as for the exceptional CLRV epidemic in Fennoscandia still remain unknown. In this project systematic studies shall investigate biological vectors as a causal agent to finally derive control mechanisms and strategies to avoid new epidemics in different hosts and geographic regions. Detailed monitoring of the invertebrate fauna of birch stands/forests and elderberry plantations in Germany and Finland shall reveal potential vectors to subsequently study them in detail by approved virus detection methods and transmission experiments. Molecular analyses of the CLRV coat protein shall prove its role as a viral determinant for a virus/vector interaction. Consequently, this project essentially will contribute important answers on the CLRV epidemiology, and this will be a key element within the first network of research on plant viral pathogens in forest trees.
Im ersten Schritt des Vorhabens sollen die Reaktionsmuster des CO2- und H2O Blattgaswechsels von Mistel-Wirt-Paaren bezüglich Mikroklima und Lebensform des Wirts (immer- oder wechselgrün) im Jahreslauf möglichst kontinuierlich untersucht werden, um diese bis heute offen gebliebenen Informationslücke zu schliessen. Dabei soll die Hypothese überprüft werden, derzufolge Misteln vielfach mehr als ihre Wirte transpirieren, um über den Transpirationsstrom Nährstoffe des Wirtes, insbesondere Stickstoff, an sich zu binden. Es sollen hierzu auch Düngungsversuche an getopften Mistel-Wirt-Paaren durchgeführt und dabei besonderes Augenmerk auf die Nettophotosynthese und Wasserumsatz gelegt werden. Weiterhin wird die unterschiedliche Reaktion der beiden pflanzlichen Komponenten auf Wasserstress untersucht. Im fortgeschrittenen Stadium der Untersuchungen ist es das Ziel, über Kronenphotosynthese und deren Bilanzierung die C-Allokationsmuster des Parasiten zu bestimmen. Aufgrund des hohen Mistelbefalls von Forstbeständen und Obstbäumen, insbesondere im Raum Baden-Württemberg, ist diese Grundlagenforschung unmittelbar vor einem angewandten Hintergrund zu sehen.
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