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Greenhouse gases in the River Elbe, 2020-2024

Measurements of dissovled greenhouse gases (GHG) being CO2, CH4 and N2O were performed from 2020 until 2024. Water samples were taken from bridges at tow locations at the river Elbe; Magdeburg and Wittenberge. For CO2, CH4, and N2O analysis, 30 mL water samples were collected in 60 mL plastic syringes. A headspace of 30 mL ambient air was added. After vigorously shaking for one minute the headspace was transferred to pre-evacuated 12 mL exetainers (Labco, UK) and water temperature in the syringe (=equilibration temperature) was measured. Ambient air samples for headspace correction were taken on each occasion. These samples were analysed in the laboratory with gaschromatography (Koschorreck et al 2021). Water physicochemical parameter (temperature, O2, pH) were measured immediately with a WTW-probe. Water-chemical variables were measured using standard methods as described in Kamjunke et al. (2021).

TMAP-SH: Measurement of inorganic nutrients in water (in CD) - Station: Vortrapptief (220005) - Parameter: dissolved inorganic nitrate (NO3-N)

TMAP parameter group: Measurement of inorganic nutrients in water (in CD). Nutrients in water The trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Program was established in 1994 and contains 28 chemical, biological, geological and common parameter. Analyses enable an assessment on the trilateral agreed ecological targets. Results are published as Quality status report regularly. Investigations are done with regard to the following issues of concern primarily (Kellermann, A. et al. 1994): - Effects of climate change on the morphology, - Effects of pollutant inputs (nutrients and contaminants) on processes, species and communities, - Effects of fisheries on species and communities, - Effects of recreational activities on species, - Effects of agricultural utilization on salt marsh communities.#locale-ger:TMAP Parameter Gruppe: Measurement of inorganic nutrients in water (in CD). Nutrients in water Das 1994 zum Schutz des Wattenmeeres eingeführte Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Program (TMAP, deutsch: Trilaterales Monitoring und Bewertungsprogramm) umfasst ein Monitoring von insgesamt 28 chemischen, biologischen, geologischen und allgemeinen Parametern. Eine Auswertung der Monitoringdaten ermöglicht eine Beurteilung des Zustandes im Wattenmeer vor dem Hintergrund der trilateral vereinbarten ökologischen Entwicklungsziele. Die Ergebnisse werden etwa alle fünf Jahre im Qualitätszustandsbericht veröffentlicht. Dabei stehen Erhebungen zu folgenden Komplexen im Vordergrund (Kellermann, A. et al. 1994): - Folgen möglicher Klimaänderungen auf Hydrologie, Morphologie und Habitate des Wattenmeeres, - Auswirkungen von Nähr- und Schadstoffeinträgen auf geochemische und biologische Prozesse sowie auf Arten und Lebensgemeinschaften des Wattenmeeres, - den Auswirkungen der Muschel- und Garnelenfischerei auf Arten und Lebensgemeinschaften, - Auswirkungen von Freizeitaktivitäten auf Arten (vor allem Vögel und marine Säuger) sowie - Auswirkungen landwirtschaftlicher Nutzung auf die Lebensgemeinschaften der Salzwiesen.

Nitrate raw measurements at lander_2 in a coastal peatland at the German Baltic Sea in 2021

Rewetting peatlands is an important measure to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, after rewetting, the areas are highly heterogeneous in terms of GHG exchange, which depends on water level and source, vegetation, previous use, and duration of rewetting. These challenging conditions require new technologies that go beyond discrete sampling. Here we present data from two autonomous lander platforms deployed at the sediment-water interface (bottom lander) of a shallow coastal peatland (approx. 1 m water depth) that was rewetted by brackish water from the Baltic Sea, thus becoming part of the coastal water through a permanent connection. These landers were equipped with six commercially available state-of-the-art sensors, and temporal high-resolution measurements of physico-chemical variables, including partial pressures of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), were made. The resolution of the field data ranged from 10 seconds to 120 minutes and was obtained for partial pressure of CO2 (Contros HydroC-CO2) and CH4 (Contros HydroC-CH4), temperature, salinity, pressure (water depth), oxygen (O2) (CTD-O2 with SBE-37SMP-ODO), the concentrations of phosphate (SBE HydroCycle PO4), nitrate (SBE SUNA V2), chlorophyll a and the turbidity (both with SBE-FLNTUSB ECO) as stationary measurements at two different locations in close proximity. The CTD and oxygen measurements provide exact water depth data for the respective lander locations. In the other data sets (e.g., CO2 measurements) rounded data are inserted instead of the exact depth data, which is 0.6 m for lander_1 and 0.9 m for lander_2. SUNA raw data are provided for completeness. However, we found them of insufficient quality to estimate nitrate concentrations due to interferences and biofouling. The deployment and recovery of the landers, and thus the measurements, took place between 02 June 2021 and 09 August 2021, and the sensors were operated under permanent wired power supply and a centralized timestamp. The sensors were maintained and cleaned bi-weekly. Results show considerable temporal fluctuations expressed as multi-day, diurnal, and event-based variability, with spatial differences caused by biologically-dominated variables.

Nitrate raw measurements at lander_1 in a coastal peatland at the German Baltic Sea in 2021

Rewetting peatlands is an important measure to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, after rewetting, the areas are highly heterogeneous in terms of GHG exchange, which depends on water level and source, vegetation, previous use, and duration of rewetting. These challenging conditions require new technologies that go beyond discrete sampling. Here we present data from two autonomous lander platforms deployed at the sediment-water interface (bottom lander) of a shallow coastal peatland (approx. 1 m water depth) that was rewetted by brackish water from the Baltic Sea, thus becoming part of the coastal water through a permanent connection. These landers were equipped with six commercially available state-of-the-art sensors, and temporal high-resolution measurements of physico-chemical variables, including partial pressures of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), were made. The resolution of the field data ranged from 10 seconds to 120 minutes and was obtained for partial pressure of CO2 (Contros HydroC-CO2) and CH4 (Contros HydroC-CH4), temperature, salinity, pressure (water depth), oxygen (O2) (CTD-O2 with SBE-37SMP-ODO), the concentrations of phosphate (SBE HydroCycle PO4), nitrate (SBE SUNA V2), chlorophyll a and the turbidity (both with SBE-FLNTUSB ECO) as stationary measurements at two different locations in close proximity. The CTD and oxygen measurements provide exact water depth data for the respective lander locations. In the other data sets (e.g., CO2 measurements) rounded data are inserted instead of the exact depth data, which is 0.6 m for lander_1 and 0.9 m for lander_2. SUNA raw data are provided for completeness. However, we found them of insufficient quality to estimate nitrate concentrations due to interferences and biofouling. The deployment and recovery of the landers, and thus the measurements, took place between 02 June 2021 and 09 August 2021, and the sensors were operated under permanent wired power supply and a centralized timestamp. The sensors were maintained and cleaned bi-weekly. Results show considerable temporal fluctuations expressed as multi-day, diurnal, and event-based variability, with spatial differences caused by biologically-dominated variables.

Distribution and concentration of nutrients, carbon compounds and methane in water samples in the southern German Bight (North Sea) in February 2025 , during MOSES Sternfahrt 13

Previous Sternfahrten were mainly conducted in spring and summer. To cover the seasonal aspects more thoroughly, including a winter situation, Sternfahrt 13 was conducted in February 2025 (10–12 February). We used the RV Heincke (cruise HE653/2) instead of the RV Uthörn. The Heincke's draught is greater, so we could not reach all of our previous stations. Surface and bottom water samples were taken with a rosette; in the event of stratification in the water column, an additional sample was taken from the middle.

Water chemistry of Lagrangian samplings of Inland Elbe 2024 (MOSES Hydrological Extremes)

Within the framework of MOSES (Modular Observation Solutions for Earth Systems) and ElbeXtreme, we performed three longitudinal sampling campaigns in the Elbe catchment in 2024. The campaigns covered the German freshwater part, the tidal Elbe river, and the German Bight. Here we present the results of the freshwater river where the sampling was conducted in a Langrangian way according to flow velocity. Physico-chemical and biological parameters were measured along the Elbe from bridges between Bad Schandau (km 12, Czech-German border) and Lauenburg (km 570, close to Hamburg). A particular scientific focus was on (1) nutrients and eutrophication, (2) composition of dissolved organic matter measured by high-resolution mass spectrometry, (3) greenhouse gas measurements, and (4) micropollutants. This was done during a winter flood event in January, a summer drought in July, and a second smaller flood in September 2024.

TMAP-SH: Measurement of inorganic nutrients in water (in CD) - Station: Büsum, Hafen (220010) - Parameter: dissolved inorganic nitrate (NO3-N)

TMAP parameter group: Measurement of inorganic nutrients in water (in CD). Nutrients in water The trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Program was established in 1994 and contains 28 chemical, biological, geological and common parameter. Analyses enable an assessment on the trilateral agreed ecological targets. Results are published as Quality status report regularly. Investigations are done with regard to the following issues of concern primarily (Kellermann, A. et al. 1994): - Effects of climate change on the morphology, - Effects of pollutant inputs (nutrients and contaminants) on processes, species and communities, - Effects of fisheries on species and communities, - Effects of recreational activities on species, - Effects of agricultural utilization on salt marsh communities.#locale-ger:TMAP Parameter Gruppe: Measurement of inorganic nutrients in water (in CD). Nutrients in water Das 1994 zum Schutz des Wattenmeeres eingeführte Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Program (TMAP, deutsch: Trilaterales Monitoring und Bewertungsprogramm) umfasst ein Monitoring von insgesamt 28 chemischen, biologischen, geologischen und allgemeinen Parametern. Eine Auswertung der Monitoringdaten ermöglicht eine Beurteilung des Zustandes im Wattenmeer vor dem Hintergrund der trilateral vereinbarten ökologischen Entwicklungsziele. Die Ergebnisse werden etwa alle fünf Jahre im Qualitätszustandsbericht veröffentlicht. Dabei stehen Erhebungen zu folgenden Komplexen im Vordergrund (Kellermann, A. et al. 1994): - Folgen möglicher Klimaänderungen auf Hydrologie, Morphologie und Habitate des Wattenmeeres, - Auswirkungen von Nähr- und Schadstoffeinträgen auf geochemische und biologische Prozesse sowie auf Arten und Lebensgemeinschaften des Wattenmeeres, - den Auswirkungen der Muschel- und Garnelenfischerei auf Arten und Lebensgemeinschaften, - Auswirkungen von Freizeitaktivitäten auf Arten (vor allem Vögel und marine Säuger) sowie - Auswirkungen landwirtschaftlicher Nutzung auf die Lebensgemeinschaften der Salzwiesen.

Untersuchung der Mineralisation der organischen Substanz in Buntsandstein-, Muschelkalk- und Keuperboeden; Containerversuch im Freiland

1. Untersuchung des Einflusses des Ausgangsgesteins und der Bodenart, des Humusgehaltes, der Witterungsverhaeltnisse sowie der mineralischen N-Duengung auf die Mineralisation der organischen Substanz des Bodens. 2. Pruefung der Verlagerung und des Austrags von Nitrat-Stickstoff. 3. Untersuchung der Zusammenhaenge zwischen Stickstoffangebot im Boden und der N-Aufnahme durch die Rebe. - Die o.g. Zielsetzungen sollen in einem 3-faktoriellen Versuch mit folgenden Faktoren geprueft werden: Faktor A: Bodenausgangsgesteine: 1. Buntsandstein, 2. Muschelkalk, 3. Gipskeuper. Faktor B: 1. ca. 1 v.H. Humus, 2. ca. 2 v.H. Humus. Faktor C: 1. 0 kg N/ha, 2. 120 kg N/ha. - Die Versuchskombinationen werden in 6 Wiederholungen angelegt. Jeweils 3 WH werden bereits ab dem Anlagejahr mit jeweils einer Pfropfrebe bepflanzt. Die Bepflanzung der uebrigen 3 WH erfolgt nach 3-jaehriger Versuchszeit. Der Rauminhalt der Container betraegt 0,6 m3.

TMAP-SH: Measurement of inorganic nutrients in water (in CD) - Station: Südl. Amrum (220006) - Parameter: dissolved inorganic nitrate (NO3-N)

TMAP parameter group: Measurement of inorganic nutrients in water (in CD). Nutrients in water The trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Program was established in 1994 and contains 28 chemical, biological, geological and common parameter. Analyses enable an assessment on the trilateral agreed ecological targets. Results are published as Quality status report regularly. Investigations are done with regard to the following issues of concern primarily (Kellermann, A. et al. 1994): - Effects of climate change on the morphology, - Effects of pollutant inputs (nutrients and contaminants) on processes, species and communities, - Effects of fisheries on species and communities, - Effects of recreational activities on species, - Effects of agricultural utilization on salt marsh communities.#locale-ger:TMAP Parameter Gruppe: Measurement of inorganic nutrients in water (in CD). Nutrients in water Das 1994 zum Schutz des Wattenmeeres eingeführte Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Program (TMAP, deutsch: Trilaterales Monitoring und Bewertungsprogramm) umfasst ein Monitoring von insgesamt 28 chemischen, biologischen, geologischen und allgemeinen Parametern. Eine Auswertung der Monitoringdaten ermöglicht eine Beurteilung des Zustandes im Wattenmeer vor dem Hintergrund der trilateral vereinbarten ökologischen Entwicklungsziele. Die Ergebnisse werden etwa alle fünf Jahre im Qualitätszustandsbericht veröffentlicht. Dabei stehen Erhebungen zu folgenden Komplexen im Vordergrund (Kellermann, A. et al. 1994): - Folgen möglicher Klimaänderungen auf Hydrologie, Morphologie und Habitate des Wattenmeeres, - Auswirkungen von Nähr- und Schadstoffeinträgen auf geochemische und biologische Prozesse sowie auf Arten und Lebensgemeinschaften des Wattenmeeres, - den Auswirkungen der Muschel- und Garnelenfischerei auf Arten und Lebensgemeinschaften, - Auswirkungen von Freizeitaktivitäten auf Arten (vor allem Vögel und marine Säuger) sowie - Auswirkungen landwirtschaftlicher Nutzung auf die Lebensgemeinschaften der Salzwiesen.

TMAP-SH: Measurement of inorganic nutrients in water (in CD) - Station: Lister Tief, Tonne (220007) - Parameter: dissolved inorganic nitrate (NO3-N)

TMAP parameter group: Measurement of inorganic nutrients in water (in CD). Nutrients in water The trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Program was established in 1994 and contains 28 chemical, biological, geological and common parameter. Analyses enable an assessment on the trilateral agreed ecological targets. Results are published as Quality status report regularly. Investigations are done with regard to the following issues of concern primarily (Kellermann, A. et al. 1994): - Effects of climate change on the morphology, - Effects of pollutant inputs (nutrients and contaminants) on processes, species and communities, - Effects of fisheries on species and communities, - Effects of recreational activities on species, - Effects of agricultural utilization on salt marsh communities.#locale-ger:TMAP Parameter Gruppe: Measurement of inorganic nutrients in water (in CD). Nutrients in water Das 1994 zum Schutz des Wattenmeeres eingeführte Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Program (TMAP, deutsch: Trilaterales Monitoring und Bewertungsprogramm) umfasst ein Monitoring von insgesamt 28 chemischen, biologischen, geologischen und allgemeinen Parametern. Eine Auswertung der Monitoringdaten ermöglicht eine Beurteilung des Zustandes im Wattenmeer vor dem Hintergrund der trilateral vereinbarten ökologischen Entwicklungsziele. Die Ergebnisse werden etwa alle fünf Jahre im Qualitätszustandsbericht veröffentlicht. Dabei stehen Erhebungen zu folgenden Komplexen im Vordergrund (Kellermann, A. et al. 1994): - Folgen möglicher Klimaänderungen auf Hydrologie, Morphologie und Habitate des Wattenmeeres, - Auswirkungen von Nähr- und Schadstoffeinträgen auf geochemische und biologische Prozesse sowie auf Arten und Lebensgemeinschaften des Wattenmeeres, - den Auswirkungen der Muschel- und Garnelenfischerei auf Arten und Lebensgemeinschaften, - Auswirkungen von Freizeitaktivitäten auf Arten (vor allem Vögel und marine Säuger) sowie - Auswirkungen landwirtschaftlicher Nutzung auf die Lebensgemeinschaften der Salzwiesen.

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