Dieses Projekt untersucht die 16O-17O-18O and the H-D Isotopensysteme im Kristallwasser von Gips (CaS04-2H20) und Bassanit (CaS04-2H20). Ziel ist der prinzipielle Nachweis, ob es möglich ist aus der Isotopie des Kristallwassers atmosphärische Parameter, wie z.B. die Luftfeuchtigkeit zum Zeitpunkt der Mineral(um)bildung, zu rekonstruieren.
Die Kenntnis der physiologischen Toleranzgrenzen rezenter Arten ist eine Grundvoraussetzung für die Interpretation der Reaktion fossiler Organismen auf temperaturbedingte Stressfaktoren. Umgekehrt kann die Vorhersage der biologischen Konsequenzen des aktuellen Klimawandels von der Kenntnis fossiler Muster der Erdgeschichte profitieren. Eingebettet in die Forschergruppe TERSANE schlagen wir ein Projekt vor, das explizit neontologische und paläontologische Ansätze kombiniert und die Konsequenzen von Erwärmung, Ozeanversauerung und Sauerstoffarmut auf marines Leben zu beurteilen. Unser Projekt fokussiert auf die Kompilation und Analyse von großen Datensätzen und hat drei wesentliche Komponenten: (1) Eine Meta-Analyse von (a) heutigen Organismen wird experimentelle und Beobachtungsdaten zur Reaktionen und Toleranzgrenzen von marinen Organismen auswerten und die Empfindlichkeit höherer, fossil überlieferter Taxa in Bezug auf Erwärmung, Ozeanversauerung und Sauerstoffknappheit in ihrer Synergie zu quantifizieren, während (b) eine Meta-Analyse fossiler Daten auf die Beurteilung des Liliput-Effekts abzielt, der plakativ die Verkleinerung von Körpergrößen im Gefolge von Massenaussterben umschreibt und manchmal auf temperaturbedingte Stressfaktoren zurückgeführt wird. (2) Die Analyse von Primärdaten aus dem Fossilbericht dient der Evaluation der physiologischen und biogeographischen Selektivität der end-Permischen und unterjurassischen Aussterbeereignisse um zu testen, ob die physiologischen Prinzipien, die aus heutigen Beobachtungen abgeleitet wurden, skalenunabhängig auch auf Aussterberisiken bei extremem Klimawandel angewandt werden können. (3) Die Beurteilung fossiler Raten von Umweltveränderungen ist wichtig, um zu testen, ob die damaligen Raten tatsächlich viel geringer waren als zum Beispiel in den letzten 50 Jahren gemessen wurde. Alternativ sind die geringeren Raten aus der geologischen Überlieferung nur eine statistisches Artefakt aus den verschiedenen Beobachtungszeitskalen. Eine skalenbereinigte Ratenanalyse wird helfen, die Daten aus der erdgeschichtlichen Vergangenheit besser für die heutige Ökologie des globalen Wandels verwertbar zu machen. Diese drei Komponenten werden schließlich integriert um die Gemeinsamkeit der Muster und öko-physiologischen Selektivität von Artensterben zu beurteilen, wie sie sich heute und im Fossilbericht abzeichnen.
Das Projekt zielt darauf ab, die komplexen sozio-ökologischen Transformationsprozesse aus supra-regionaler und kulturübergreifender Perspektive zu entflechten und insbesondere die Rolle abrupten Klimawandels und sozio-ökologischer Krisen, die vergangene Transformationsprozesse beeinflussen, zu analysieren. Im Fokus ist dabei zunächst das sog. 4.2 ka-Event und dessen Auswirkungen im westmediterranen Raum. Zur Anwendung kommen dabei a) geologische Analysen zu quantifizierbaren Proxies an marinen Klimaarchiven, um hydroklimatischen Wandel, z. B. Niederschlag (Analysen zu dD von n-Alkanen aus Pflanzenwachsen), saisonale Veränderungen der Seeoberflächentemperatur (SST) (Uk37', planktonische Foraminiferen/ d18O) und Wandel der Hydrographie zu rekonstruieren und b) die Analyse archäologischer und paläo-ökologischer Daten.
This data set presents the reconstructed vegetation cover for 1451 European sites based on harmonized pollen data from the data set LegacyPollen 2.0 and optimized RPP values. Sugita's REVEALS model (2007) was applied to all pollen records using REVEALSinR from the DISQOVER package (Theuerkauf et al. 2016). Pollen counts were translated into vegetation cover by taking into account taxon-specific pollen productivity and fall speed. Additionally, relevant source areas of pollen were also calculated using the aforementioned taxon-specific parameters and a gaussian plume model for deposition and dispersal and forest cover was reconstructed. In this optimized reconstruction, relative pollen productivity estimates for the ten most common taxa were first optimized by using reconstructed tree cover from modern pollen samples and LANDSAT remotely sensed tree cover (Sexton et al. 2013) for Europe. Values for non-optimized taxa for relative pollen productivity and fall speed were taken from the synthesis from Wiezcorek and Herzschuh (2020). The average values from all Northern Hemisphere values were used where taxon-specific continental values were not available. We present tables with optimized reconstructed vegetation cover for all records in Europe. As further details we list a table with the taxon-specific parameters used and a list of parameters adjusted in the default version of REVEALSinR.
This data set presents the reconstructed vegetation cover for 706 Asian sites based on harmonized pollen data from the data set LegacyPollen 2.0 and optimized RPP values. Sugita's REVEALS model (2007) was applied to all pollen records using REVEALSinR from the DISQOVER package (Theuerkauf et al. 2016). Pollen counts were translated into vegetation cover by taking into account taxon-specific pollen productivity and fall speed. Additionally, relevant source areas of pollen were also calculated using the aforementioned taxon-specific parameters and a gaussian plume model for deposition and dispersal and forest cover was reconstructed. In this optimized reconstruction, relative pollen productivity estimates for the ten most common taxa were first optimized by using reconstructed tree cover from modern pollen samples and LANDSAT remotely sensed tree cover (Sexton et al. 2013) for Asia. Values for non-optimized taxa for relative pollen productivity and fall speed were taken from the synthesis from Wiezcorek and Herzschuh (2020). The average values from all Northern Hemisphere values were used where taxon-specific continental values were not available. We present tables with optimized reconstructed vegetation cover for records in Asia. As further details we list a table with the taxon-specific parameters used and a list of parameters adjusted in the default version of REVEALSinR.
This data set presents the reconstructed vegetation cover for 2773 sites based on harmonized pollen data from the data set LegacyPollen 2.0 (https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.965907). 1040 sites are located in North America, 1287 in Europe, and 446 in Asia. Sugita's REVEALS model (2007) was applied to all pollen records using REVEALSinR from the DISQOVER package (Theuerkauf et al. 2016). Pollen counts were translated into vegetation cover by accounting for taxon-specific pollen productivity and fall speed. Additionally, relevant source areas of pollen were calculated using the aforementioned taxon-specific parameters and a Gaussian plume model for deposition and dispersal. Values for relative pollen productivity and fall speed from the synthesis from Wiezcorek and Herzschuh (2010) were updated with recent studies used to reconstruct vegetation cover. The average values from all Northern Hemisphere values were used where taxon-specific continental values were unavailable. As REVEALS was conceived to reconstruct vegetation from large lakes, only records originating from large lakes (>= 50h) are marked as "valid as site" in the dataset. Reconstructions from other records can be used when spatially averaging several together. An example script to do so is provided on Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12800290). Reconstructed tree cover was validated using modern Landsat remote sensing forest cover. Reconstructed tree cover has much lower errors than the original arboreal pollen percentages. Reconstructions of individual taxa are more uncertain. We present tables with reconstructed vegetation cover for all continents with original parameters. As further details, we list a table with the taxon-specific parameters used, metadata for all records, and a list of parameters adjusted in the default version of REVEALSinR.
This data set presents the reconstructed vegetation cover for 446 Asian sites based on harmonized pollen data from the data set LegacyPollen 2.0. Sugita's REVEALS model (2007) was applied to all pollen records using REVEALSinR from the DISQOVER package (Theuerkauf et al. 2016). Pollen counts were translated into vegetation cover by accounting for taxon-specific pollen productivity and fall speed. Additionally, relevant source areas of pollen were calculated using the aforementioned taxon-specific parameters and a Gaussian plume model for deposition and dispersal. Values for relative pollen productivity and fall speed from the synthesis from Wiezcorek and Herzschuh (2010) were updated with recent studies used to reconstruct vegetation cover. The average values from all Northern Hemisphere values were used where taxon-specific continental values were unavailable. As REVEALS was conceived to reconstruct vegetation from large lakes, only records originating from large lakes (>= 50h) are marked as "valid as site" in the dataset. Reconstructions from other records can be used when spatially averaging several together. An example script to do so is provided on Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12800290). Reconstructed tree cover was validated using modern Landsat remote sensing forest cover. Reconstructed tree cover has much lower errors than the original arboreal pollen percentages. Reconstructions of individual taxa are more uncertain. We present tables with reconstructed vegetation cover for all continents with original parameters. As further details, we list a table with the taxon-specific parameters used, metadata for all records, and a list of parameters adjusted in the default version of REVEALSinR.
Die Moore im Bereich der Hornisgrinde (Nordschwarzwald) werden kartiert und oekoogisch relevante Parameter des Moorwassers werden gemessen. Anhand von Bohrkernen aus den Mooren werden durch Pollen, Grossreste und Geochemie die Entwicklung der Moore und ihrer Umgebung sowie die Einfluesse durch die Besiedelung der Region untersucht.
Die Kenntnis rezenter Lebensräume wird genutzt, um Modelle zur Rekonstruktion neogener und pleistozäner Habitate zu entwickeln. Es wird erwartet, dass die Nahrungsspezifität von Huftieren wichtige Hinweise liefert auf die Habitate der untersuchten Faunen. Evolutionstrends lassen sich dann mit Veränderungen im Habitat korrelieren.
Lake Ohrid is a large (360 km2) and deep (289 m) lake of tectonic origin and is shared between the Republics of Macedonia and Albania. Biological and biogeographical studies of the lake revealed an outstanding degree of endemism and suggest a Pliocene origin of Lake Ohrid, making the lake the oldest one in Europe. The high age and the high degree of endemism make Lake Ohrid a first class site to investigate the link between geological and biological evolution in ancient lakes. Given its importance as refugium and spreading centre, the lake was declared a UNESCO world heritage site in 1979, and included as a target site of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) already in 1993. The political situation in the Balkan in the mid 1990ies, however, hampered further establishment of Lake Ohrid as potential ICDP site. This proposal bundle seeks funds for the detection of the timing of major evolutionary events, the investigation of the origin, the sedimentological inventory, neotectonic movements, and the paleoecology and paleolimnology of Lake Ohrid in order to develop a full ICDP proposal for deep drilling. Within the scope of this cover proposal funds for the coordination of the single proposals, for scientific exchange between the single bundle proponents, and for the data management are applied for.
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