Die Kenntnis rezenter Lebensräume wird genutzt, um Modelle zur Rekonstruktion neogener und pleistozäner Habitate zu entwickeln. Es wird erwartet, dass die Nahrungsspezifität von Huftieren wichtige Hinweise liefert auf die Habitate der untersuchten Faunen. Evolutionstrends lassen sich dann mit Veränderungen im Habitat korrelieren.
Lake Ohrid is a large (360 km2) and deep (289 m) lake of tectonic origin and is shared between the Republics of Macedonia and Albania. Biological and biogeographical studies of the lake revealed an outstanding degree of endemism and suggest a Pliocene origin of Lake Ohrid, making the lake the oldest one in Europe. The high age and the high degree of endemism make Lake Ohrid a first class site to investigate the link between geological and biological evolution in ancient lakes. Given its importance as refugium and spreading centre, the lake was declared a UNESCO world heritage site in 1979, and included as a target site of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) already in 1993. The political situation in the Balkan in the mid 1990ies, however, hampered further establishment of Lake Ohrid as potential ICDP site. This proposal bundle seeks funds for the detection of the timing of major evolutionary events, the investigation of the origin, the sedimentological inventory, neotectonic movements, and the paleoecology and paleolimnology of Lake Ohrid in order to develop a full ICDP proposal for deep drilling. Within the scope of this cover proposal funds for the coordination of the single proposals, for scientific exchange between the single bundle proponents, and for the data management are applied for.
Rekristallisation des geogenen Kalks mit dem CO2 aus der Atmung von Wurzel und Mikroorganismen führt zur Bildung pedogener Karbonate, die einer der wichtigsten Schlüssel zur Bestimmung des Alters der Bodenbildung (Radiokarbondatierung) und der Rekonstruktion der Paläou-welt (d13C, d18O) unter semiariden und ariden Klimatenbedingungen sind. Deswegen war ein erhöhtes Interesse für pedogene Karbonate seitens der Geowissenschaften in den vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnten zu verzeichnen. Bis jetzt ist die Geschwindigkeit der Bildung pedogener Karbonate völlig unbekannt, obwohl davon die Präzision der Altersbestimmung und der Paläoumweltrekonstruktionen wesentlich abhängt. In diesem Vorhaben wird die Geschwindigkeit der Bildung der pedogenen Karbonate durch den Isotopenaustausch bei der Rekristallisation des geogenen Kalks mit dem 14CO2 aus der Rhizosphärenatmung der in der 14CO2-Atmosphäre markierten Pflanzen bestimmt. Mit dieser sehr sensitiven und bereits erprobten Methode wird der Einfluss der Pflanzenarten, Dauer des Pflanzenwachstums, Temperatur, Feuchte, CaCO3-Gehalte und CaCO3-Verlagerung auf die CaCO3-Rekristallisationsrate bestimmt. Aus den experimentell ermittelten Abhängigkeiten der Rekristallisation von den Umweltvariablen wird ein Modell zur Bildung der pedogenen Karbonate erstellt und anhand der Radiokarbondatierung der unter verschiedenen Bedingungen entnommen pedogenen Karbonate geprüft. Das Forschungsvorhaben ermöglicht erstmalig die Präzision der Bestimmung des Alters der Bodenbildung und der Rekonstruktion der Paläoumwelt anhand der pedogenen Karbonate experimentell zu quantifizieren.
Phylogenie und Evolutionsökologie der Poriferen des Baikalsees sollen erforscht werden. Der Schwerpunkt liegt hierbei auf Untersuchungen zu speziellen Einnischungsfaktoren, die zu Abspaltung und Diversifizierung der endemischen Lubomirskiidae im Baikal geführt haben. Durch eine Kartierung der heutigen Schwammverteilung und gezielte Beprobung ausgewählter Transsekte (Steilwände am Listvyanka und Bolshye Koti) wird im Frühling und Herbst ihre laterale und vertikale Verteilung erfasst. Dabei genommene Proben sollen für weitere Untersuchungen zur Histologie und Ultrastruktur der Lubomirskiidae genutzt werden, um Hinweise zur Ernährungs- und Fortpflanzungsstrategie während der kalten Jahreszeit zu erhalten. Die phylogenetischen Beziehungen innerhalb der Lubomirskiidae und zu der Außengruppe der Spongillidae wollen wir durch genetische Analysen ausgewählter Baikalschwämme beleuchten. Zur Überprüfung der genetischen Phylogramme ist eine paläontologische Erfassung der fossilen Baikalschwämme erforderlich. Die taxonomische Spicula-Analyse soll hier als Methode verfeinert und zur Erfassung wichtiger phylogenetischer Kladogenesen seit dem Miozän eingesetzt werden.
Im Fokus von F2 steht die Rolle ökologischer Veränderungen für kulturelle Entwicklungen in Phasen kulturellen Wandels. Ausgehend von Pollenanalysen, geochemischen und Mikrofazies-Analysen werden zwei Ansätze verfolgt, die unterschiedliche räumliche und zeitliche Dimensionen bedienen. On-site und near-site Analysen an Sedimenten, begrabenen Böden, Kolluvien und archäologischen Befunden stellen Informationen zu lokalen Lebensbedingungen, menschlicher Aktivität und lokalem Umweltwandel mit hoher räumlicher Auflösung bereit. Um überregionalen Wandel der Mensch-Umweltbeziehungen zu identifizieren, werden jahresgeschichtete Seesedimente auf einem geographischen Transsekt über verschiedene ökologische und kulturelle Zonen von Nordwestdeutschland bis Südostpolen miteinander verglichen.
This data set presents the reconstructed vegetation cover for 2773 sites based on harmonized pollen data from the data set LegacyPollen 2.0 (https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.965907). 1040 sites are located in North America, 1287 in Europe, and 446 in Asia. Sugita's REVEALS model (2007) was applied to all pollen records using REVEALSinR from the DISQOVER package (Theuerkauf et al. 2016). Pollen counts were translated into vegetation cover by accounting for taxon-specific pollen productivity and fall speed. Additionally, relevant source areas of pollen were calculated using the aforementioned taxon-specific parameters and a Gaussian plume model for deposition and dispersal. Values for relative pollen productivity and fall speed from the synthesis from Wiezcorek and Herzschuh (2010) were updated with recent studies used to reconstruct vegetation cover. The average values from all Northern Hemisphere values were used where taxon-specific continental values were unavailable. As REVEALS was conceived to reconstruct vegetation from large lakes, only records originating from large lakes (>= 50h) are marked as "valid as site" in the dataset. Reconstructions from other records can be used when spatially averaging several together. An example script to do so is provided on Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12800290). Reconstructed tree cover was validated using modern Landsat remote sensing forest cover. Reconstructed tree cover has much lower errors than the original arboreal pollen percentages. Reconstructions of individual taxa are more uncertain. We present tables with reconstructed vegetation cover for all continents with original parameters. As further details, we list a table with the taxon-specific parameters used, metadata for all records, and a list of parameters adjusted in the default version of REVEALSinR.
This data set presents the reconstructed vegetation cover for 446 Asian sites based on harmonized pollen data from the data set LegacyPollen 2.0. Sugita's REVEALS model (2007) was applied to all pollen records using REVEALSinR from the DISQOVER package (Theuerkauf et al. 2016). Pollen counts were translated into vegetation cover by accounting for taxon-specific pollen productivity and fall speed. Additionally, relevant source areas of pollen were calculated using the aforementioned taxon-specific parameters and a Gaussian plume model for deposition and dispersal. Values for relative pollen productivity and fall speed from the synthesis from Wiezcorek and Herzschuh (2010) were updated with recent studies used to reconstruct vegetation cover. The average values from all Northern Hemisphere values were used where taxon-specific continental values were unavailable. As REVEALS was conceived to reconstruct vegetation from large lakes, only records originating from large lakes (>= 50h) are marked as "valid as site" in the dataset. Reconstructions from other records can be used when spatially averaging several together. An example script to do so is provided on Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12800290). Reconstructed tree cover was validated using modern Landsat remote sensing forest cover. Reconstructed tree cover has much lower errors than the original arboreal pollen percentages. Reconstructions of individual taxa are more uncertain. We present tables with reconstructed vegetation cover for all continents with original parameters. As further details, we list a table with the taxon-specific parameters used, metadata for all records, and a list of parameters adjusted in the default version of REVEALSinR.
This data set presents the reconstructed vegetation cover for 706 Asian sites based on harmonized pollen data from the data set LegacyPollen 2.0 and optimized RPP values. Sugita's REVEALS model (2007) was applied to all pollen records using REVEALSinR from the DISQOVER package (Theuerkauf et al. 2016). Pollen counts were translated into vegetation cover by taking into account taxon-specific pollen productivity and fall speed. Additionally, relevant source areas of pollen were also calculated using the aforementioned taxon-specific parameters and a gaussian plume model for deposition and dispersal and forest cover was reconstructed. In this optimized reconstruction, relative pollen productivity estimates for the ten most common taxa were first optimized by using reconstructed tree cover from modern pollen samples and LANDSAT remotely sensed tree cover (Sexton et al. 2013) for Asia. Values for non-optimized taxa for relative pollen productivity and fall speed were taken from the synthesis from Wiezcorek and Herzschuh (2020). The average values from all Northern Hemisphere values were used where taxon-specific continental values were not available. We present tables with optimized reconstructed vegetation cover for records in Asia. As further details we list a table with the taxon-specific parameters used and a list of parameters adjusted in the default version of REVEALSinR.
This data set presents the reconstructed vegetation cover for 1287 European sites based on harmonized pollen data from the data set LegacyPollen 2.0. Sugita's REVEALS model (2007) was applied to all pollen records using REVEALSinR from the DISQOVER package (Theuerkauf et al. 2016). Pollen counts were translated into vegetation cover by accounting for taxon-specific pollen productivity and fall speed. Additionally, relevant source areas of pollen were calculated using the aforementioned taxon-specific parameters and a Gaussian plume model for deposition and dispersal. Values for relative pollen productivity and fall speed from the synthesis from Wiezcorek and Herzschuh (2010) were updated with recent studies used to reconstruct vegetation cover. The average values from all Northern Hemisphere values were used where taxon-specific continental values were unavailable. As REVEALS was conceived to reconstruct vegetation from large lakes, only records originating from large lakes (>= 50h) are marked as "valid as site" in the dataset. Reconstructions from other records can be used when spatially averaging several together. An example script to do so is provided on Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12800290). Reconstructed tree cover was validated using modern Landsat remote sensing forest cover. Reconstructed tree cover has much lower errors than the original arboreal pollen percentages. Reconstructions of individual taxa are more uncertain. We present tables with reconstructed vegetation cover for all continents with original parameters. As further details, we list a table with the taxon-specific parameters used, metadata for all records, and a list of parameters adjusted in the default version of REVEALSinR.
Die Moore im Bereich der Hornisgrinde (Nordschwarzwald) werden kartiert und oekoogisch relevante Parameter des Moorwassers werden gemessen. Anhand von Bohrkernen aus den Mooren werden durch Pollen, Grossreste und Geochemie die Entwicklung der Moore und ihrer Umgebung sowie die Einfluesse durch die Besiedelung der Region untersucht.
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