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Zwischenfall im japanischen Atomkraftwerk Tokai-mura

In einem japanischen Atomkraftwerk in Tokaimura, 110 Kilometer nordöstlich von Tokio ist es zu einem Zwischenfall gekommen, bei dem Rauch innerhalb einer Anlage austrat. Der Rauch entstand in einer Sammelstelle für radioaktiv belasteten Müll. Die Betreiberfirma Japan Atomic Power Co. teilte mit, dass kein Rauch nach außen getreten sei.

Erstmals Smog-Alarm der Stufe III

In der Bundesrepublik wurde erstmals Smog-Alarm der Stufe III ausgerufen. Betroffen ist vor allem das westliche Ruhrgebiet. Mit Stufe III der Smogverordnung wurde zeitweise ein absolutes Fahrverbot für private KFZ verhängt. Die Industrieproduktion musste gedrosselt und auf Sparflamme gefahren werden. Es handelte sich hier um den so genannten "London-Smog". Nebel und Rauch treffen zusammen: Schadstoffe können nicht mehr abziehen. Diese Art des Smogs ist heute in den westlichen Industrieländern dank zahlreicher Gegenmaßnahmen selten geworden.

Zugunglück in North Dakota

In der Nähe der Ortschaft Casselton im US-Bundesstaat North Dakota kollidierten am 30. Dezember 2013 zwei Güterzüge. Mehrere mit Rohöl beladene Kesselwagen explodierten und gingen in Flammen auf. Die Bewohner der Ortschaft wurden vor dem giftigen Qualm evakuiert. Der Bundesstaat North Dakota ist der zweitgrößte Ölproduzent des USA. Anfang Dezember 2013 hatte die staatliche Regulierungsbehörde mitgeteilt, dass 2014 90 Prozent statt bisher 60 Prozent der Öltransporte per Zug erfolgen werden.

WWF Deutschland stellt Holzkohle Marktanalyse vor

Am 22. August 2017 stellte der WWF Deutschland eine Marktanalyse handelsüblicher Grillkohlen in Berlin vor. Insgesamt wiesen laut WWF-Analyse 80 Prozent der getesteten Produkte Auffälligkeiten wie falsch deklarierte Holzarten auf. In 40 Prozent der Grillkohlen fanden die Umweltschützer sogar tropische Hölzer. Eine Grillkohle, die mit dem Aufdruck „kein Tropenholz“ warb, bestand laut Laboranalyse ausschließlich aus solchem. In mehreren Kohlesäcken wurden auch Ulme, Padouk und Bongossi gefunden, Holzarten, die vom Aussterben bedroht sind. Auch Grillkohlen mit Zertifizierung waren im Test auffällig, das heißt sie enthielten auch nicht oder falsch deklarierte Hölzer. Tropenholz wurde bei FSC- und PEFC-zertifizierten Produkten jedoch nicht gefunden. Für den Marktcheck hat der WWF 20 Grillkohlen mit und ohne Holz-Zertifikat aus Tankstellen, Baumärkten, Supermärkten und Discountern mit forensischen Methoden testen lassen. „Die Testergebnisse sind erschütternd. Die Holzkohlebranche scheint nach wie vor rücksichtslos alles zu verkohlen, was sie als billigen Rohstoff in die Finger bekommt. Die vielen Tropenholzfunde sind besonders schockierend. Wenn die Regenwälder beim Grillfest in Rauch aufgehen, befeuert das Artenverlust und die Klimakatastrophe. Die Branche muss schleunigst umdenken“, kritisiert Johannes Zahnen, Holzexperte des WWF Deutschland.

Aufzeigen der Ursachen und des Ausmaßes der Luftverschmutzung in Europa: Kommission veröffentlicht neuen Anzeiger und Atlas zur Luftqualität

Am 16. November 2018 auf dem Forum für saubere Luft in Paris legten die Europäische Kommission und die Europäische Umweltagentur einen neuen Luftqualitätsanzeiger vorgelegt, durch den Bürgerinnen und Bürger die Luftqualität in Echtzeit nachvollziehen können. Die Kommission hat darüber hinaus einen Atlas der Luftqualität veröffentlicht, der von der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Kommission erstellt wurde und die Ursachen von Feinstaubemissionen wie Staub, Rauch, Ruß, Pollen und Bodenpartikel in den Städten der EU aufzeigt. Der neue Europäische Luftqualitätsanzeiger umfasst eine nutzerfreundliche, interaktive Karte, von der die Luftqualität an den jeweiligen Orten abgelesen werden kann. Er basiert auf den fünf wichtigsten Schadstoffen, die die menschliche Gesundheit und die Umwelt belasten: Feinstaub (PM2,5 und PM10), bodennahes Ozon (O3), Stickstoffdioxid (NO2) und Schwefeldioxid (SO2). Der Atlas der Luftqualität bietet Informationen über die geographischen und branchenspezifischen Ursachen der Luftverschmutzung für die 150 größten Städte in Europa. Deutlich wird darin, dass Schadstoffemissionen in Städten hauptsächlich durch verschiedene menschliche Tätigkeiten entstehen. Dabei sind Verkehr, Landwirtschaft, Industrie und die Beheizung von Wohngebäuden die größten Verursacher.

Markt für Chrom

technologyComment of chromium production (RoW): Metallic chromium is produced by aluminothermic process (75%) and electroylsis of dissolved ferrochromium (25%) technologyComment of chromium production (RER): Metallic chromium is produced by aluminothermic process (75%) and electroylsis of dissolved ferrochromium (25%) ALUMINOTHERMIC PROCESS The thermic process uses aluminium as a reducing agent for chromium hydroxide. The charge is weighed and loaded into a bin, which is taken to an enclosed room to mix the contents. The firing pot is prepared by ramming refractory sand mixed with water around a central former. After ramming the firing pot, the inner surface is coated with a weak binder solution and dried under a gas fired hood before being transferred to the firing station. The raw material mix is automatically fed at a controlled rate into the firing pot, where the exothermic reaction takes place. When the metal has solidified following the reaction, the firing pot is removed and transferred by crane to a cooling conveyor. On removal from the cooling conveyor (by crane), the firing pot is placed on a stripping bogie for transferral to a stripping booth. Inside the closed booth, the pot casing is hoisted off the solidified metal/slag. The slag is separated from the Chromium metal “button” and sent to a despatch storage area. Water is used to reduce button temperature to below 100 ºC. After cooling the metal button is transferred to other departments on site for cleaning, breaking, crushing and grinding to achieve the desired product size. ELECTROLYTIC PROCESS In the electrolytic process normally high carbon ferrochrome is used as the feed material which is then converted into chromium alum by dissolution with sulphuric acid at temperatures at about 200 ºC. After several process steps using crystallisation filtration ageing, a second filtration and a clarifying operation the alum becomes the electrolyte for a diaphragm cell. Chromium is plated onto stainless steel cathodes until it attains a thickness of ca. 3 mm. The process is very sensitive. The additional de-gassing (heating at 420 °C) stage is necessary because the carbon content of the electrolytic chromium is sometimes too high for further industrial applications. The cooled chromium metal is fragmented with a breaker prior to crushing and drumming. The generated slag can be reused as refractory lining or sold as abrasive or refractory material. Overall emissions and waste: Emissions to air consist of dust and fume emissions from smelting, hard metal and carbide production; other emissions to air are ammonia (NH3), acid fume (HCl), hydrogen fluoride (HF), VOC’s and heavy metals. Emissions to water are overflow water from wet scrubbing systems, wastewater from slag and metal granulation, and blow down from cooling water cycles. Solid waste is composed of dust, fume and sludge, and slag. References: IPPC (2001) Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC); Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Non Ferrous Metals Industries. European Commission. Retrieved from http://www.jrc.es/pub/english.cgi/ 0/733169

Aufbereitung von Kupferschrott durch elektrolytische Raffination

Secondary copper consists of various types of scrap. Prompt scrap is directly reused in foundries and is not further processed. Old scrap has to be treated in a secondary copper smelter, where a variety of metal values are recuperated. Depending on the chemical composition, the raw materials of a secondary copper smelter are processed in different types of furnaces, including: - blast furnaces (up to 30% of Cu in the average charge), - converters (about 75% Cu), and - anode furnaces (about 95% Cu). A scheme of the process considered is given in Fig 1. The blast furnace metal (“black copper”) is treated in a converter; then, the converter metal is refined in an anode furnace. In each step additional raw material with corresponding copper content is added. In the blast furnace, a mixture of raw materials, iron scrap, limestone and sand as well as coke is charged at the top. Air that can be enriched with oxygen is blown through the tuyeres. The coke is burnt and the charge materials are smelted under reducing conditions. Black copper and slag are discharged from tapholes. The converters used in primary copper smelting, working on mattes containing iron sulphide, generate surplus heat and additions of scrap copper are often used to control the temperature. The converter provides a convenient and cheap form of scrap treatment, but often with only moderately efficient gas cleaning. Alternatively, hydrometallurgical treatment of scrap, using ammonia leaching, yields to solutions which can be reduced by hydrogen to obtain copper powder. Alternatively, these solutions can be treated by solvent extraction to produce feed to a copper-winning cell. Converter copper is charged together with copper raw materials in anode furnace operation. For smelting the charge, oil or coal dust is used, mainly in reverberatory furnaces. After smelting, air is blown on the bath to oxidise the remaining impurities. Leaded brasses, containing as much as 3% of lead, are widely used in various applications and recycling of their scrap waste is an important activity. Such scrap contains usually much swarf and turnings coated with lubricant and cutting oils. Copper-containing cables and motors contain plastic or rubber insulants, varnishes, and lacquers. In such cases, scrap needs pre-treatment to remove these non-metallic materials. The smaller sizes of scrap can be pre-treated thermally in a rotary kiln provided with an after-burner to consume smoke and oil vapours (so-called Intal process). Emissions and waste: Elevated levels of halogenated organic compounds may arise, such as TCDD. Slags are usually used in construction. Waste water is led to a communal treatment plant. References: EEA, 1999. imageUrlTagReplacef2b602ec-dc47-48e3-88a7-ab8ec727bd33

Tiergartentunnel in Richtung Kreuzberg wieder frei

Nachdem nun die Beschilderung entsprechend installiert worden ist, konnte der Tunnel Tiergarten Spreebogen heute wieder für den Autoverkehr (bis 3,5t) freigegeben werden. Für Busse und Lkw bleibt es zunächst bei der Sperrung. Grund: die noch verfügbaren Lüfter reichen nicht aus, um im Brandfall eines oder mehrerer Lastkraftwagen den Rauch abzuführen.

Smoke emissions underground in the Asse II shaft mine

Announcement - Asse II mine 12 September 2017: Smoke emissions underground in the Asse II shaft mine On Tuesday afternoon around 16:35, an incipient fire started at the 637 metre level of the Asse II shaft mine. The occupants of a tour vehicle discovered sparks flying from the vehicle. They were able to extinguish the fire with the fire extinguisher brought with them in the vehicle before it could cause more serious damage. They reported the incident to control at around 16:38. Because of the smoke emission, the mine had to be evacuated as a precaution. By 17.05, there was no-one left underground. Subsequently, a mine rescue team in protective clothing and with breathing apparatus entered to declare the mine safe again. The mine rescue team announcement “fire extinguished” (no personal injury) came at 17:19. Around 18:15, mining operations were resumed following weather-technical clearance. Machinery operatives will investigate the vehicle to find the cause of the fire. The cause has not yet been explained. As well as informing the management of the Bundesgesellschaft für Endlagerung (BGE) about the incident, Asse-GmbH also informed the Federal Office for the Safety of Nuclear Waste Management (BfE) as oversight authority. In addition, the state mining office is being kept up to date. Asse-GmbH classified the incident for immediate reporting to the nuclear inspectorate. Update from 22 September 2017 The tour vehicle damaged by fire on 12 September 2017 was transported to the motor vehicle workshop at the 490 metre level so that the cause of the fire could be established. In the workshop, a leak in a screw connection between the Diesel Common Rail (distributor pipe) and an injection nozzle cable was found. The escaping diesel fuel ignited because of the temperature in the engine space. The following measures were taken as a precaution against a recurrence: removal of the plastic cover from the Common Rail System and checking of the affected connections on all vehicles with this type of system and explicit inclusion of these connections in the maintenance plan for these vehicles and targeted training of maintenance staff in this regard. The measures are currently being implemented. The Asse II mine Links on the topic Overview of all reports and press releases from the BGE

Asse - Fire service exercise with complex scenario takes place

Announcement - Asse II minesite 22 September 2017: Fire service exercise with complex fire scenario takes place A fire in a building on the Asse II shaft mine operational site, several missing persons in the building and a severe accident in the car park involving an escape of radioactive fluid: this was the scenario faced on Wednesday evening by the on-site fire service and the mine rescue team from the Asse II shaft mine, as well as the fire services from Schöppenstedt and Remlingen. In this major exercise, which also involved the Wolfenbüttel district authorities, the fire services tested their management of a complex fire situation. At 18:22, the fire alarm was triggered automatically by smoke detectors. The on-site fire service ascertained that persons were missing. When a further accident was then reported in the car park, the fire services in the neighbouring districts were called and these arrived with aerial ladders and various rescue vehicles. In the car park, the scenario involved an accident between a fork-lift truck and a private car that had been crushed against a lorry. Driver and passenger were trapped and had to be freed from the vehicle using heavy-duty spreaders. In the scenario, the lorry was loaded with a fluid that was escaping due to the damage caused by the vehicle. The lorry was marked with a radioactivity symbol. Fire officers cordoned off the accident site after they had ascertained that the fluid was wetting the car park. The mine rescue team, which has radiation protection training, thereafter locked in persons and material, so that the radioactivity would not be spread. The fire officers, who were tasked with rescuing the persons, thereafter continued their work wearing marks for their own protection. However, this part of the scenario is highly unlikely because radioactive fluid is transported only in quantities between one and two litres, due to its potential to cause damage. At 19:48, the exercise was concluded. The injured were rescued, the missing persons were found and the fire was extinguished. Two employees from the LBEG mining authority, Frank Printz from the Bundesgesellschaft für Endlagerung (BGE) and the Operation Manager of Asse-GmbH, Harald Hegemann, took part in the exercise as silent observers. Major exercises like this serve primarily to identify weaknesses so that these can be addressed. In the current exercise, the mine rescue team were not able to be called at the same time as the on-site fire service. “This seems to be a previously unknown software problem,” said Frank Printz. In addition, there were communication problems between the internal fire officers and the external services. The on-site fire service was not permitted to be incorporated into the digital communication among the local fire services. However, this is already under discussion, with the aim of legally converting the on-site fire service into a works fire service that is permitted to use the digital radio network. But these discussions have not yet reached a conclusion. Following the exercise, the observers praised the handling of events. Frank Printz and Harald Hegemann were particularly satisfied that the radiation protection barriers had been maintained during the exercise and that masks were worn without complaint for the entirety of the major exercise. After the exercise, the exercise leader from the on-site fire service, Nils Bialojahn, said: “Thank you for the great scenario. It got pretty warm under my hat!” The fire service of Remlingen and Schöppenstedt have approached with heavy equipment In this scenario, the accident victims had to be freed from the car after a suspected leak of a radioactive liquid. Links on the topic Overview of all reports and press releases from the BGE

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