Das Projekt "SÖF: Bewertung agrar- und ernährungspolitischer Transformationspfade hin zu einem biodiversitätsfreundlichen Landnutzungs- und Ernährungssystem, Teilprojekt B: Quantifizierung der Landnutzungseffekte auf Biodiversität und Ökosystemleistungen" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Geo- und Umweltnaturwissenschaften, Professur für Naturschutz und Landschaftsökologie.
Das Projekt "SÖF: Bewertung agrar- und ernährungspolitischer Transformationspfade hin zu einem biodiversitätsfreundlichen Landnutzungs- und Ernährungssystem, Teilprojekt A: Ökonomisch-ökologische Modellierung und Ko-Produktion von Transformationswissen" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Agrarpolitik und Landwirtschaftliche Marktlehre, Fachgebiet Agrar- und Ernährungspolitik.
Das Projekt "Die Reform der regionalen Strukturpolitik der Europaeischen Union - Zur Genese der Agenda 2000" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Osnabrück, Graduiertenkolleg Europäische Integration und gesellschaftlicher Strukturwandel.
Das Projekt "H2020-EU.2.1. - Industrial Leadership - Leadership in enabling and industrial technologies - (H2020-EU.2.1. - Führende Rolle der Industrie - Führende Rolle bei grundlegenden und industriellen Technologien), Bringing together the Knowledge for Better Agriculture Monitoring (EO4AGRI)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Atos Spain S.A..The main objective of EO4AGRI is to catalyze the evolution of the European capacity for improving operational agriculture monitoring from local to global levels based on information derived from Copernicus satellite observation data and through exploitation of associated geospatial and socio-economic information services. EO4AGRI assists the implementation of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) with special attention to the CAP2020 reform, to requirements of Paying Agencies, and for the Integrated Administration and Control System (IACS) processes. EO4AGRI works with farmers, farmer associations and agro-food industry on specifications of data-driven farming services with focus on increasing the utilization of EC investments into Copernicus Data and Information Services (DIAS). EO4AGRI addresses global food security challenges coordinated within the G20 Global Agricultural Monitoring initiative (GEOGLAM) capitalizing on Copernicus Open Data as input to the Famine Early Warning System Network (FEW-NET). EO4AGRI assesses information about land-use and agricultural service needs and offers to financial investors and insurances and the potential added value of fueling those services with Copernicus information. The EO4AGRI team consists of 11 organizations, complementary in their roles and expertise, covering a good part of the value-chain with a significant relevant networking capital as documented in numerous project affiliations and the formal support declarations collected for EO4AGRI. All partners show large records of activities either in Copernicus RTD, governmental functions, or downstream service operations. The Coordinator of EO4AGRI is a major industrial player with proven capacities to lead H2020 projects. The EO4AGRI project methodology is a combination of community building; service gap analysis; technology watch; strategic research agenda design and policy recommendations; dissemination (incl. organization of hackathons).
Das Projekt "H2020-EU.3.5. - Societal Challenges - Climate action, Environment, Resource Efficiency and Raw Materials - (H2020-EU.3.5. - Gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen - Klimaschutz, Umwelt, Ressourceneffizienz und Rohstoffe), Buildings as Material Banks: Integrating Materials Passports with Reversible Building Design to Optimise Circular Industrial Value Chains (BAMB)" wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Institut Bruxellois pour la Gestion de l'Environnement (IBGE).
Das Projekt "Taxing Energy Use 2015" wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.This report analyses the taxation of energy use in 41 countries, covering 80% of global energy use. It appears at a juncture when many countries struggle to sustain orreconnect with economic growth and face formidable fiscal consolidation challenges. At the same time, concerns over the very highhuman costs of air pollution are mounting and the urgency of acting to limit greenhouse gases isnow abundantly clear.Energy use is an important source of greenhouse gas emissions and of air pollution. It also is acritical input into production and consumption in modern economies. If deployed effectively, taxes onenergy use are a powerful tool to balance the benefits and costs of energy use. Energy use taxes canalso play a useful role in fiscal consolidation. What this report tells us, however, is that with currentpolicies energy taxes fail to live up to their potential.Taxes on energy use influence the price and use of energy. Ideally, end-user energy prices wouldreflect their environmental impacts to ensure that resources are used most productively and that thenegative side-effects of energy use are contained. Taxes can help to achieve this, while also providingincentives to seek alternative, cleaner technologies.To employ energy taxes more effectively, it is necessary to understand the signals they providein respect of energy use. This report systematically analyses the structure and level of energy taxesacross 41 countries: the OECD countries and seven selected partner economies (Argentina, Brazil,China, India, Indonesia, Russia and South Africa). Effective tax rates, expressed per unit of carbonand per unit of energy, are situated within the energy market structures and other pricing policies ineach country, allowing the price signals they send to be better understood.Our analysis highlights vastly different levels of energy use and taxation among these41 countries, but also some common patterns. Transport energy is typically taxed at higher ratesthan other forms of energy use whereas fuels for heating and process use or electricity generationare more likely to be untaxed or taxed at lower rates. Fuels used for similar purposes are often taxeddifferently, with low rates applying to some of the fuels most harmful for human health and theenvironment. Tax rates on coal are particularly low.The picture is not, however, entirely bleak. The awareness about the need to curb negative sideeffectsof energy use is rising on governments political agendas, with many, including the selectedpartner economies, reconsidering price signals and taxes on harmful forms of energy use andinvesting in renewable sources of energy. This report can serve as a reference for policy makers andanalysts to identify reform options to ensure that energy taxes are best adapted to their economic,social and environmental goals - that is, to develop better tax policies for better lives.
Das Projekt "Driving Forces of Rural Poverty and Distributional Change in Sub-Saharian Africa: The Cases of Burkina Faso, Ghana and Uganda" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Kiel, Institut für Ernährungswirtschaft und Verbrauchslehre, Abteilung Haushalts- und verbraucherorientierte Gesundheitsökonomik.The proposed research project aims at identifying the major driving forces of rural poverty and distributional change in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Specifically, the analysis will involve case studies for Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Uganda, where micro and local as well as macro determinants of household incomes will be considered. While each case study will reveal interesting results in its own right, the objective is to draw general lessons, i.e. together the case studies should form more than the sum of the parts. The existing literature on the determinants of rural poverty and distributional change can broadly be divided into studies which analyse rural household behaviour in response to changes at the household and local level, and studies which try to establish a link between distributional outcomes and specific macroeconomic shocks or policies. Taken together, these two strands of the literature cover most of the factors that may affect rural households, but the literature appears to be incomplete in several respects. Studies belonging to the first strand tend to focus on specific aspects of rural income generation, thereby failing to account for the interactions between the micro determinants of household income and to trace micro changes back to changes at the macro level. The approaches employed in the second strand of the literature either lack a specification of transmission channels or suffer from being too stylised and not well informed by micro data. With the proposed project we intend to contribute to closing these gaps. In doing so, we will first identify the most relevant micro, local and macro determinants of household incomes and review the available evidence on their distributional impact in the three countries under consideration. This descriptive assessment serves to derive testable hypotheses regarding the drivers of distributional change. We will then specify a comprehensive model of rural income generation that accounts for the major constraints at the micro level, and a macro model that captures the transmission of shocks and policies to the household level. Finally, and most importantly, we will link the two models in a macro-micro simulation analysis in order to quantify the impact of the main country-specific external shocks and policy reforms on poverty and income distribution. By revealing the relative strength of the various factors determining household incomes, the simulation analysis will also provide information that can be used to derive priority areas for rural development policy.
Das Projekt "German-Iranian Co-operation VI: Development of Three Cornerstones for a Sustainable Energy Future in Iran" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung e.V.. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie gGmbH.Energy scenarios conducted at the Wuppertal Institute together with Iranian and German partners in the previous German-Iranian Co-operation project show that 1) Iran has huge potentials and a great capacity for cost-effective energy savings in industry, transportation and in the residential sector, 2) Iran has vast renewable energy sources. In order to make the best use of efficiency and renewable potentials and to introduce a new path of sustainable economic and socio-political development, Iran needs to introduce new elements in its energy policy. In the current project three cornerstones in policy and education shall be analyzed and evaluated in terms of their possible contribution to policy change and structural change within Iran. These cornerstones are: 1) 'regulation for renewable' policy: For the development of a system based on renewable energies the energy sector needs regulation and a new kind of energy laws. One of these could be a Renewable Energy law (e.g. in the form of a feed-in tariff) 2) 'taxes and price reform' policy: Energy taxes and an energy price-reform are further elements to create a sustainable Iranian energy system. 3) innovative education approaches: Education and training are important issues for the change towards sustainable energy structures in Iran.
Das Projekt "EcoFair Trade Dialogue: New Directions for Agricultural Trade Rules" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Bischöfliches Hilfswerk Misereor e.V. / Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung e.V. / Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung e.V.. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie gGmbH.Since the breakdown of the trade-negotiations at the fifth WTO-Ministerial in Cancún 2003, the negotiations for the shape of the world trade regime have gained wide public attention. In no other trading sector do different interests appear so irreconcilable as in agriculture - with conflicting interests between southern and northern countries, countries with liberalized markets or markets with highly protected agricultural production or between food-exporting nations and those which are dependent on food-imports. The EcoFair Trade Dialogue aims to push the debate about WTO and the agricultural trade system further. It aims at establishing a common platform on agricultural trade, based on the principles of sustainable agriculture and food sovereignty, and wants to achieve a coherent reform proposal which responds to the 21st century's social and ecological challenges to global agriculture. The EcoFair Trade Dialogue will deal with measures fitting into the current structure of the WTO's Agreement on Agriculture, such as tariffs and subsidies, but also look beyond the current trade-regime. Potential approaches for trade regulation include supply management, qualified market access, the governance of imports, or commodity agreements. The project consists of three phases, in which different dialogue for a will play a prominent role. The 'Expert Panel' group will meet frequently between 2005 and 2006. 11 experts from all continents will formulate research questions, develop reform proposals and write policy papers. In addition, an 'international consultative board' to the Expert Panel will be set up to ensure constant input from decision makers and stakeholders of different backgrounds. From 2006 on, series of regional consultations worldwide will provide various stakeholders with the chance to discuss and extend the policy papers and reform proposals developed by the Expert Panel from their respective regional and local perspectives. The third dialogue forum is meant to address policy-makers specifically.
Das Projekt "Gesellschaftliche Naturverhältnisse im Wandel? Institutionelle und diskursive Bedingungen einer Politik der Agrarwende, gender-spezifische Implikationen, Bewertungskonzepte und partizipative Modellentwicklung" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Hamburg, Institut für Allgemeine Botanik und Botanischer Garten.
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