Der Anhang A der Methodenkonvention 2.0 beschreibt die Methoden zur Schätzung von Umweltkosten und gibt Empfehlungen zur Methodenauswahl. Dabei erfolgt eine Differenzierung zwischen tangiblen Umweltschäden, die direkt in Geldeinheiten bemessen werden können, und intangiblen Schäden, bei denen zunächst Wertschätzung für die Schäden bzw. ihre Vermeidung ermittelt werden muss. Tangible Umweltschäden - beispielsweise Produktionsverluste – lassen sich unter bestimmten Bedingungen mit Marktpreisen bewerten. Zur Ermittlung von intangiblen Umweltschadenskosten werden indirekte Bewertungsmethoden zur Schätzung der Zahlungsbereitschaft für Umweltgüter und direkte Bewertungsmethoden vorgestellt. Abschließend gibt Anhang A Empfehlungen zu der Frage, wie sich vorhandene Umweltkostenschätzungen auf ein neues Bewertungsproblem übertragen lassen („Benefit Transfer“).
Kompensationsflächenkataster der Stadt Osnabrück. Flächenmäßige Erfassung von festgesetzten Ausgleich- u- Ersatzmaßnahmen im Rahmen von Naturschutzflächen, interne Kompensationsflächen, externe Kompensationsflächen, Flächenpools und Festsetzungen aus Bebauungsplänen.
On 30 June 2020, the Bundesgesellschaft für Endlagerung (BGE) started to backfill the “Reichelt swamps” of the Asse II mine in Remlingen. The “Reichelt swamps” are located in the north-west of the mine on the 750-metre level. For decades, water has been collected here in the form of salt solutions – most recently around 140 litres per day. The “Reichelt swamps” are more than 350 metres away from the emplacement chambers containing radioactive waste. The solutions that collected here had no contact with the waste. Backfilling is part of emergency planning (i.e. the best possible damage prevention in the event that the influx of solution in the mine should one day no longer be controllable). Because this “worst case” cannot be ruled out with certainty despite all measures, the BGE is implementing all emergency planning measures as early as possible. This also corresponds to the demands from the region to push ahead with emergency planning just as consistently in parallel with the retrieval of the waste. The BGE points out that the legally prescribed retrieval is not affected by the construction measures. On the contrary, the retrieval planning is based on the assumption that the “Reichelt swamps” will be backfilled. In order to stabilise the “Reichelt swamps” in the long term, the area must be backfilled with a special concrete (sorel concrete). The volumes to be backfilled amount to around 1,150 cubic metres. The BGE has regularly provided information on this, including in the annual Mountain Monitoring Talks. The procedure was also discussed with the experts of the Asse 2 support group. Before backfilling, “foreign material” first had to be removed from the area, old boreholes had to be backfilled, and the area had to be sealed with an 80-centimetre-thick formwork wall. The backfilling itself is done via three boreholes, each reaching the highest points of the area. The required building material is produced in the immediate vicinity by an underground building materials plant. The backfilling is expected to be completed within two weeks. The solutions have so far come out in the open in the Reichelt swamps and are being collected. With the help of boreholes, the solutions can still be pumped out even after backfilling. In the future, the influx of solution can be observed with the help of special boreholes (monitoring boreholes). The boreholes are drilled from the 700-metre level and can therefore be used in the long term. About the “Reichelt swamps” The Reichelt swamps are an area on the 750-metre level to the north west of the Asse II mine near which potash salts were mined in the early 20th century. In mining language, the term “swamp” means an area that is lower than the surrounding level. Solutions can collect in this. The solutions can be collected and removed or “bailed” in mining terms. In everyday language, a swamp is usually understood to mean a bog or morass. However, such a comparison is inaccurate for the actual situation in the mine.
The BGE endeavoured to minimise the adverse effects on humans and nature as well as on the commercial use of woodland and agricultural areas. This included the following measures: Enabling continued commercial use The 3D seismic measurements were carried out from November 2019 to February 2020. Preparatory work began in October 2019, and follow-up work was carried out in March 2020. The aim was to ensure that agricultural areas could largely continue to be used. Environmental protection An ecological construction-supervision service was present on-site during the measurement period. The aim was to minimise the impact of the seismic measurements on the environment. The rules for the measurement period and the restrictions on the generation of seismic waves (see below) also took aspects of environmental and nature conservation into account. For example, the generation of seismic waves was avoided during the breeding seasons of rare species of birds. Restrictions on the generation of seismic waves The use of technology for generating seismic waves was subject to various guidelines. For example, these included the defining of areas into which vibration or drilling vehicles could not be driven. The required equipment had to be brought into the area by hand if necessary. Moreover, the speed of all survey crew vehicles was limited to 25 kilometres an hour on unpaved roads. During the work, in order to avoid damage due to vibrations, vibration measurements were carried out in the villages, in the vicinity of buildings that were sensitive to vibration (this also applied to water and gas pipes), and on the site of the Asse II mine. If necessary, the power of the vibration vehicle or the quantity of explosives was reduced. If it was still impossible to rule out a breach of the limit values, the source point in question had to be omitted. Restrictions also applied to the times at which seismic waves could be generated. Field work was carried out exclusively between 6:00 a.m. and 10:00 p.m. on working days. Vibration vehicles could be used on Sundays only in justified exceptional cases, albeit not in the vicinity of villages. Detonations were generally prohibited on Sundays. Moreover, to reduce the impact on local residents, drilling and blasting work in the vicinity of the villages could only be carried out during daylight hours. Limit values also applied to noise pollution. At a distance of 10 metres, the vibration vehicles were not permitted to exceed a maximum noise level of 87 decibels, which roughly corresponds to the loudness level of a lawnmower or hairdryer. Road safety During the seismic measurements, multiple measurement vehicles could be found travelling independently of one another via fields, paths and roads at various locations within the survey area. This was the only period in which there was a possibility of increased noise emissions – comparable to those associated with rubbish collection – in the vicinity of the vehicles, as well as the potential for short-term traffic disruption on roads. As with a mobile construction site, the measurement vehicles were protected by an escort vehicle with warning notices as well as appropriate signage. The work was carried out in compliance with all legal requirements with regard to noise protection and road safety. Compensation for damages If the 3D seismic survey resulted in claims for damages despite all of the preventive measures, these claims were settled by the BGE. Any damage that occurred was examined and made good on a case-by-case basis. Alternatively, damages were paid by prior agreement with the owners of the affected areas. Please don’t hesitate to contact the staff at the Asse information centre if you have any questions. If necessary, they will also put you in touch with their relevant specialist colleagues. If you would like to see what the Asse II mine is like for yourself, we would be delighted to take you on a tour. Please contact the Asse information centre for further information.
Announcement - Morsleben repository 22 September 2017: Hoisting cable exchange carried out in Bartensleben shaft Last weekend, the hoisting cable was exchanged in the Bartensleben shaft at the Morsleben final repository. The routine task takes place roughly every three and a half years and was carried out in consultation with experts. Operation of the hoisting mechanism could begin again as planned early on Monday. The hoisting mechanism is a central point of the Morsleben final repository. Everything that goes underground must pass through the shaft and be lowered by the hoisting cable: miners, machinery and vehicles. The cable has a maximum payload of 11 tonnes. During its operating life of around three and a half years, the cable completes around 14,500 journeys. So as to complete this task safely, the hoisting cable in the Bartensleben shaft is checked every six months by external experts. This continuous monitoring for mines is justified because a drum hoist is used in the Bartensleben shaft. Although wear on the cable is higher using this technology, it does however offer the advantage that the cable can be shortened more easily during a planned shutdown. Following a successful planning permission decision, the retraction of operation from the lower levels of the final repository to the upper levels is made significantly easier; as is backfilling. Cable exchange is an ambitious task for the employees carrying it out. Firstly, the cage must be suspended in the area known as the shaft well, so that the cable can be released. For all further works, the shaft hatch is then closed so as to avoid accidents. Then the old cable is coiled beside the shaft well using an additional winch. At the end of this working step, the end of the cable is affixed to an auxiliary winch and is unwound. Now the actual winch of the hoisting mechanism is empty. The new cable is then applied to the hoisting winch in the same way. Throughout the whole procedure, working safety is paramount, as is the avoidance of damage to the cable. As this is not a routine task, particular preparation was required. This was the third cable of this type and operation continues to optimise the use of the cable so that it can be in use for as long as possible. The price of the cable, around 500m long, is around €30,000. Employees disengage the old hoisting cable from the cable drum. The new hoisting cable on its way to its deployment site. Links on the topic Overview of all reports and press releases from the BGE
Wasserrechtliche Erlaubnisse für eine temporäre Grundwasserförderung und -absenkung über 650.000 m³ und Reinfiltration des geförderten Grundwassers auf dem Grundstück in der Gemarkung Vahrenwald, Flur 2, Flurstücke 13/18 und 13/19, Reinfiltrationsflächen: Flur 2, Flurstücke 13/18 und 13/19. In Hannover-Vahrenwald soll Bürogebäude gebaut werden. Für dieses Vorhaben muss das Grundwasser abgesenkt werden. Die Vorprüfung hat ergeben, dass erhebliche nachteilige Umweltauswirkungen auf Schutzgüter im Sinne des § 2 Absatz 1 des UVPG u. a. durch eine gutachterliche Bewässerung umliegender Bäume, Beachtung von Auflagen zur Reinfiltration, gutachterlicher Begleitung der Maßnahme und u. a. dem Grundwassermonitoring ausgeglichen werden können bzw. nicht zu erwarten sind. Die von der Grundwasserabsenkung betroffene Fläche ist zur Vermeidung von Schäden am Gehölze ist im Vorhinein durch Schutzmaßnahmen zu sichern. Es ist eine Reinfiltration in der Funktion einer schützenden hydraulischen Barriere geplant.
The Konrad repository in Salzgitter was licensed as part of a procedure that took around 20 years to complete. This is the first time that such a comprehensive nuclear licensing procedure has been carried out. The planning approval decision – that is, the licence for the construction, operation and decommissioning of the repository – was issued by the Lower Saxony Ministry for the Environment on 22 May 2002. This decision stipulated that the licensed repository must meet all legal requirements and that the necessary damage prevention must be ensured in accordance with the state of the art of science and technology. The licence has now been in place for 20 years, during which time a great deal of work was done both above and below ground, although it wasn’t yet possible to implement the plan for the Konrad repository’s construction. This was because complaints were raised against the procedure, and the Federal Office for Radiation Protection – as the contracting authority at the time – therefore opted not to commence construction until the legal issues were definitively clarified. The complaints were dismissed by the Federal Administrative Court on 26 March 2007, and a constitutional complaint was also rejected. The Federal Environment Ministry, which is responsible for the disposal of radioactive waste, eventually issued the order to build the Konrad repository on 30 May 2007. Since then, work has been underway on converting the Konrad mine into a repository for radioactive waste with negligible heat generation based on the planning approval decision, along with its numerous ancillary provisions. The repository is an integral part of the Federal Republic of Germany’s National Waste Management Programme (NAPRO)(external link) and therefore also represents a significant contribution to the process of nuclear phase-out. The planning approval decision constitutes the licence for the final disposal of solid or solidified radioactive waste with negligible heat generation (low and intermediate-level radioactive materials) in the Konrad repository. It includes, “with the exception of permits under water law, which were subject to separate decisions (A Annex 1 to 4), all other necessary licences, permits, approvals, authorisations and consents under public law.” The planning approval decision was issued on the basis of comprehensive safety analyses, and the corresponding procedure included not only an environmental impact assessment (Konrad planning approval decision, Annex B) but also a public participation process. As part of the licensing procedure, the site’s geological suitability was demonstrated. In this context, it is particularly important to consider the question of safety following the repository’s decommissioning. Furthermore, the operating safety during emplacement was also analysed and demonstrated with a particular focus on accidents with respect to the waste and the overall facility, including the buildings on the surface as well as the emplacement chambers and supply routes underground, the technical components, and the operational processes. A description of the overall facility is provided in the planning approval decision and the repository licencing documents. Furthermore, the licence also regulates the requirements for the waste containers – and the planning approval decision includes, within its over 500 ancillary provisions (planning approval decision, section A III), a series of further requirements for final disposal in the Konrad mine. In accordance with the Federal Mining Act (BBerg) (external link) , the Lower Saxony State Office for Mining, Energy and Geology (LBEG) is responsible for supervision and the licensing procedure until such time as the Konrad repository is put into service. In this work, the State Office is subject to technical supervision by the Lower Saxony Ministry for the Environment. In addition to the rules and stipulations of the planning approval decision under nuclear law, approval must also be obtained for the planning and construction work in accordance with the Federal Mining Act. The facility must only be commissioned as a repository following formal approval by the supervisory authority under nuclear law, i.e. the Federal Office for the Safety of Nuclear Waste Management (BASE) (external link) . Once approval is granted, responsibility for the Konrad repository will also be transferred to the BASE as the supervisory authority under mining law. The planning approval decision also licences the technical equipment, such as the stacking truck for depositing waste containers in the emplacement chambers or the transfer station underground. Of course, the planning approval decision also includes the radiation protection provisions for the surrounding area and the facility itself. This serves to protect staff and the general public.
Im Endlager Morsleben wurde am vergangenen Wochenende das Förderseil von Schacht Bartensleben gewechselt. Die Routineaufgabe steht etwa alle dreieinhalb Jahre an und wurde in Absprache mit einem Sachverständigen durchgeführt. Der Betrieb der Förderanlage konnte Montag früh wie geplant die Arbeit aufnehmen. Der Förderanlage ist ein zentraler Punkt für das Endlager Morsleben. Alles, was unter Tage soll, muss durch den Schacht und hängt am Förderseil: Bergleute, Maschinen und Fahrzeuge. Das Seil hat dabei eine maximale Nutzlast von 11 Tonnen. Bei seiner Nutzungsdauer von etwa dreieinhalb Jahren absolviert das Seil dabei rund 14.500 Fahrten. Um diese Aufgabe sicher leisten zu können, wird das Förderseil im Schacht Bartensleben halbjährlich von einem externen Sachverständigen überprüft. Diese für Bergwerke engmaschige Kontrolle ist damit begründet, dass im Schacht Bartensleben eine Trommelfördermaschine eingesetzt wird. Zwar ist der Seilverschleiß bei dieser Technik höher, dafür bietet sie jedoch den Vorteil, dass das Seil bei der geplanten Stilllegung leichter eingekürzt werden kann. Nach erfolgtem Planfeststellungsbeschluss wird so der Rückzug des Betriebes aus den unteren Ebenen des Endlagers auf die oberen Ebenen bis hin zur Verfüllung deutlich erleichtert. Der Seilwechsel ist für die durchführenden Mitarbeiter eine anspruchsvolle Aufgabe. Zunächst muss der Förderkorb im sogenannten Schachtkeller eingehängt werden, um das Seil lösen zu können. Für alle weiteren Arbeiten wird dann die Schachtklappe verschlossen, um Unfälle zu vermeiden. Anschließend wird das alte Seil mit einer zusätzlichen Winde neben dem Schachtfuß aufgewickelt. Zum Ende dieses Arbeitsschrittes wird das Ende des Seils an einer Hilfswinde befestigt und abgeseilt. Nun ist die eigentliche Winde der Förderanlage leer. Das neue Seil wird auf demselben Weg wieder an die Förderwinde angebracht. Bei der ganzen Prozedur ist neben der Vermeidung von Schäden am Seil insbesondere die Arbeitssicherheit wichtig. Da es sich nicht um eine Routineaufgabe handelt, war eine besondere Vorbereitung geboten. Dies war das dritte Seil dieser Art und der Betrieb ist weiterhin dabei, die Nutzung des Seils zu optimieren, um es möglichst lange nutzen zu können. Der Preis des rund 500 Meter langen Seils liegt bei etwa 30.000 Euro.
Wasserrechtliche Erlaubnisse für eine temporäre Grundwasserförderung und –absenkung über 160.000 m³ (gesamt) und Reinfiltration des geförderten Grundwassers auf dem Grundstück in der Gemarkung Marienwerder, Flur 1, Flurstück 20/76, Reinfiltrationsflächen: Flur 1, Flurstücke 20/74, 20/76 und 20/50, Reinfiltrationsflächen: Flur 1, Flurstücke 20/74, 20/76 und 20/50. In Hannover - Marienwerder sollen im Zuge von Grundstückserschließungen im Bereich der Pascalstraße und Auf der Horst u.a. neue Regen- und Schmutzwasserkanäle sowie neue Schächte errichtet werden. Für dieses Vorhaben muss das Grundwasser abgesenkt werden. Die Vorprüfung hat ergeben, dass erhebliche nachteilige Umweltauswirkungen auf Schutzgüter im Sinne des § 2 Absatz 1 des UVPG u.a. durch eine gutachtliche Begleitung der Bewässerung umliegender Bäume, Beachtung von Auflagen zur Reinfiltration, gutachterlicher Begleitung der Maßnahme und u.a. dem Grundwassermonitoring ausgeglichen werden können, bzw. nicht zu erwarten sind. Die von der Grundwasserabsenkung betroffene Fläche im Landschaftsschutzgebiet ist zur Vermeidung von Schäden an der Vegetation in der Vegetationsperiode zu bewässern, mit Ausnahme des Klosterforstes. Zum Schutz der Altlast, der Schienen und des schützenwerten Waldes ist eine Reinfiltration in der Funktion einer schützenden hydraulischen Barriere geplant.
Dieser Flyer beinhaltet wichtige Hinweise zur Vermeidung von Heizölschäden, denn bei unsachgemäßer Lagerung kann auslaufendes Heizöl zu Schäden an Gebäuden und zu Verunreinigungen des Bodens und des Grundwassers führen.
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