The Northern Eurasia Earth Science Partnership Initiative, or NEESPI, is a currently active, yet strategically evolving program of internationally-supported Earth systems science research, which has as its foci issues in northern Eurasia that are relevant to regional and Global scientific and decision-making communities (see NEESPI Mission Statement). This part of the globe is undergoing significant changes - particularly those changes associated with a rapidly warming climate in this region and with important changes in governmental structures since the early 1990s and their associated influences on land use and the environment across this broad expanse. How this carbon-rich, cold region component of the Earth system functions as a regional entity and interacts with and feeds back to the greater Global system is to a large extent unknown. Thus, the capability to predict future changes that may be expected to occur within this region and the consequences of those changes with any acceptable accuracy is currently uncertain. One of the reasons for this lack of regional Earth system understanding is the relative paucity of well-coordinated, multidisciplinary and integrating studies of the critical physical and biological systems. By establishing a large-scale, multidisciplinary program of funded research, NEESPI is aimed at developing an enhanced understanding of the interactions between the ecosystem, atmosphere, and human dynamics in northern Eurasia. Specifically, the NEESPI strives to understand how the land ecosystems and continental water dynamics in northern Eurasia interact with and alter the climatic system, biosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere of the Earth. The contemporaneous changes in climate and land use are impacting the biological, chemical, and physical functions of the northern Eurasia, but little data and fewer models are available that can be used to understand the current status of this expansive regional system, much less the influence of the northern Eurasia region on the Global climate. NEESPI seeks to secure the necessary financial and related institutional support from an international cadre of sponsors for developing a viable understanding of the functioning of northern Eurasia and the impacts of extant changes on the regional and Earth systems. Many types of ground and integrative (e.g., satellite; GIS) data will be needed and many models must be applied, adapted or developed for properly understanding the functioning of this cold and diverse regional system. Mechanisms for obtaining the requisite data sets and models and sharing them among the participating scientists are essential and require international and active governmental participation. (abridged text)
Die Wasserstoffisotopensignatur (Delta D-Wert) von Wasserpflanzenbiomarkern wird zunehmend zur Rekonstruktion vergangener hydrologischer Zustände von Seen verwendet. Während der Synthese dieser Biomarker findet eine Diskriminierung des schwereren Wasserstoffisotopes Deuterium im Vergleich zum aufgenommenen Wasser statt. Im direkten Vergleich zu terrestrischen Pflanzen gibt es sehr wenig verfügbare Daten bezüglich der Größe dieses Fraktionierungsfaktors (Epsilon). Weiterhin ist unbekannt, inwieweit Umweltfaktoren die Isotopenfraktionierung beeinflussen. Dieses fehlende Wissen erschwert die Interpretation von Gamma D-Werten aquatischer Biomarker in Seesedimentkernen erheblich. Eine bereits durchgeführte Pilotstudie und weitere erste Experimente suggerieren einen möglichen Einfluss von Salinität des Seewassers, sowie Nährstoff- und Lichtverfügbarkeit auf Epsilon. Um diesen Verdacht zu bestätigen, müssen nun die Magnituden von potentiellen Isotopeneffekten dieser Parameter in einer systematischen Studie untersucht werden. Wie bereits erfolgreich getestet, werden hierfür Wasserpflanzen verschiedener Spezies, unter kontrollierten Bedingungen, mit Fokus auf Variabilität genannter Parameter, im Labor gezüchtet. Weiterhin werden Makrophyten an geeigneten Standorten über weite Gradienten von Salinität und Nährstoffstatus beprobt und hinsichtlich Delta D-Werten von Biomarkern analysiert. Mithilfe der gewonnenen Daten aus dem gekoppelten Feld- und Laborversuch können die potentiellen Isotopeneffekte von Salinität, Nährstoffverfügbarkeit und Lichtintensität für die zukünftige Anwendung in paläoklimatischen Studien kalibriert werden. Die erwarteten Ergebnisse werden somit einen wichtigen Beitrag hinsichtlich der Interpretierbarkeit von Delta D-Werten aquatischer Biomarker aus Seesedimenten liefern. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse sind somit ein wichtiger Baustein zur Rekonstruierbarkeit vergangener hydrologischer Zustände von Seen und damit ein essentieller Faktor zum Verständnis möglicher zukünftiger Änderungen im Zusammenhang mit der Erderwärmung.
Irrigation in the Yanqi Basin, Sinkiang, China has led to water table rise and soil salination. A model is used to assess management options. These include more irrigation with groundwater, water saving irrigation techniques and others. The model relies on input data from remote sensing.The Yanqi Basin is located in the north-western Chinese province of Xinjiang.This agriculturally highly productive region is heavily irrigated with water drawn from the Kaidu River. The Kaidu River itself is mainly fed by snow and glacier melt from the Tian Mountain surrounding the basin. A very poor drainage system and an overexploitation of surface water have lead to a series of environmental problems: 1. Seepage water under irrigated fields has raised the groundwater table during the last years, causing strongly increased groundwater evaporation. The salt dissolved in the groundwater accumulates at the soil surface as the groundwater evaporates. This soil salinization leads to degradation of vegetation as well as to a loss of arable farmland. 2. The runoff from the Bostan Lake to the downstream Corridor is limited since large amount of water is used for irrigation in the Yanqi Basin. Nowadays, the runoff is maintained by pumping water from the lake to the river. The environmental and ecological system is facing a serious threat.In order to improve the situation in the Yanqi Basin, a jointly funded cooperation has been set up by the Institute of Environmental Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) , China Institute of Geological and Environmental Monitoring (CIGEM) and Xinjiang Agricultural University. The situation could in principle be improved by using groundwater for irrigation, thus lowering the groundwater table and saving unproductive evaporation. However, this is associated with higher cost as groundwater has to be pumped. The major decision variable to steer the system into a desirable state is thus the ratio of irrigation water pumped from the aquifer and irrigation water drawn from the river. The basis to evaluate the ideal ratio between river and groundwater - applied to irrigation - will be a groundwater model combined with models describing the processes of the unsaturated zone. The project will focus on the following aspects of research: (...)
Mit der LTG Teschendorf wurde ein Projekt zur Sanierung der dortigen Seenkette beantragt. Seit der Bewilligung der Mittel an den LTG e.V. werden die Stoffeintraege in die Seenkette abgeschaetzt, verifiziert und als Grundlage fuer die weitere Sanierung in einer Studie zusammengestellt.
Since 2006, the Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-TRO) is involved in intensive field measurements at the Dead Sea. Long term measurements of meteorological parameters, particle concentrations and ozone mixing ratios were initiated - accompanied by short term activities like vertical profiling and determination of radiation and the surface energy balance. Objective and Results: The objective is to study the mesoscale wind systems and their role in the distribution of pollutants near the Dead Sea. Preliminary data evaluation shows that a complexe superposition of various wind systems is abundant. The existence of the widespread lake plays a mayor role in the development of atmospheric layering during the course of the day. However, synoptic influence can disturb the regional system. Since September 2006 an permanent meteorological station is working at Massada National Monument approx. at elevation sea level. Measurements of the actual week are shown here . The whole data set is available on request.
To work against the high population pressure and the poverty problems in Egypt, rural areas are opened for new settlements in the Region of Lake Nasser. Due to its high potential for development the government is planning to settle approximately 1, 5 million people in this area within the following 10-15 years. In order to avoid unplanned settlements in the area with a negative impact on natural resources a Comprehensive Development Plan for Aswan and Lake Nasser was developed in 2003 by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) together with the Aswan Governorate.
Feststellung des Ist-Zustandes von Fluessen und Seen in Wuerttemberg; Auswirkung des Gewaesserzustandes auf die Flora.
Dreissena polymorpha was entering Lake Erken in the middle of the 1970-ies. The zebra mussel developed very rapidly and soon covered the hardbottoms of the lake. Not until 1992 the mussel was investigated more thouroughly by scubadiver sampling in order to estimate the size, biomass and distribution of the mussel in Lake Erken. This first study is now comingto an end and a special investigation ofthe filtering capacity of the mussel would be worthwile to perform. The filtering capacity of the zebra mussel to further elucidate its role in Lake Erken. The experiments are aiming to describe the role of the zebra mussel in Lake Erken and its effects on the water quality. Is the filtering of the mussel an efficient mechanism to decrease the number of particles in the water? Is there a rapid nutrient release, which stimulates new growth of phytoplankton or periphyton? The experiments should be done in cylinders in situ and in laboratory containers. Thefiltering capacity should be studied in the laboratory at different temperaturesranging from 4 to 25 C. In situ studies could be run in the lake in the temperature interval from 10 to (hopefully) 22 C. This would be from early June to late July in Lake Erken. During the weekly experiments inorganic and organic suspended matter as well as chlorophyll are determined every day. The nutrient conditions are followed by measurements of phosphate and ammonium. Each experiment is runwith three parallells and with controls lacking mussels.
Bei der Phosphateliminationsanlage in Berlin-Tegel ist die direkte Umsetzung des Standes des Wissens in eine grosstechnische Anlage erforderlich, um das Ziel von 0,01 mg/l P im Ablauf zu erreichen. Die Mitarbeit bezieht sich besonders auf die Mischtechnik des Faellungsmittels, die Messtechnik und die Flockenbildung.
The aim of my study is to calibrate PAR from small lakes against tree biomass, which can be used to achieve quantitative estimates of biomass in the past. Furthermore, the relation between pollen percentages and plant abundance will also be investigated. As study area, the state Brandenburg was chosen, because it has a large number of lakes and is covered by different plant communities, like conifer forest, mixed forest, deciduous forest and open land. These are situated on a range of soil types in a terrain with little altitudinal differences. Lakes in different types of landscape were selected. They were of almost uniform size, mostly ranging from 100-300 m in diameter and without inflow and outflow. Deeper lakes in proportion to the lake size were preferred, to avoid lakes with a high pollen redeposition. In order to have an effective fieldwork and to get the broadest possible data spectrum for modeling, the relevant pollen source area of pollen (Sugita, 1994) was estimated, based on the map CORINE. The calculation shows that the pollen source area is approximately 5-6 km. However, we also sampled lakes which are situated closer together, especially when the landscape structure was very heterogenic at the small scale. From the surface samples of 50 lakes, the pollen percentages of different taxa will be compared with the information from the forest inventory data for different distances around the lakes to evaluate theoretical considerations of pollen source area. These data are available at the data base Datenspeicher Wald, which contains information about cover, age and biomass for the different tree species. This information was collected during the time of the German Democratic Republic (DDR) and is in the most continued. Concurrently, 15 of the short cores are selected for dating by 210Pb. PAR will be calculated based on the sedimentation rates obtained for these cores, so that PAR can be compared to tree biomass for different time slices over the past 50 years.
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