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Distribution and concentration of nutrients, carbon compounds and methane in water samples in the southern German Bight (North Sea) in September 2024 during the MOSES Sternfahrt 12

The 12th Sternfahrt of the ElbeXtreme and MOSES projects took place in 2024 from September 02 to 13, within the area of the German Bight (North Sea). Its objective was to get a more systematic grid of sampling data by spatially integrated onboard sensors. Therefore, the MOSES-laboratory container was installed again. Water samples were taken from the surface with a rosette or via Niskin bottles. The first part of the cruise was conducted by the research vessel (RV) Ludwig Prandtl, starting on the 2nd of September on Heligoland. From there, the crew navigated towards Cuxhaven covering some stations from previous MOSES cruises. For the next days, the ship followed a rectangular track, shifting northward each day, heading towards Heligoland again. Due to strong winds, the sampling stations were reduced to three on the last day. On Heligoland the RV Mya II took over the laboratory container and other sampling equipment for the second part of the cruise. Persistent strong winds delayed the start of the cruise until September 11. Since most of the planned stations were already covered from the RV Ludwig Prandtl, the crew decided to expand the sampling area using a more systematic zig-zag line. With the return of Mya II in the afternoon of the 13th September 2024, the campaign was successfully finished.

Raw data of physical oceanography during RV HEINCKE cruise HE678

Raw physical oceanography data was acquired by a ship-based Seabird SBE911plus CTD-Rosette system onboard RV HEINCKE . The CTD was equipped with duplicate sensors for temperature (SBE3plus) and conductivity (SBE4) as well as one sensor for oxygen (SBE43). Additional sensors such as a WET Labs C-Star transmissometer, a WET Labs ECO-AFL fluorometer (FLRTD) and an altimeter (Teledyne Benthos PSA-916) were mounted to the CTD. The data was recorded using pre-cruise calibration coefficients. No correction, post-cruise calibration or quality control was applied. Processed profile data are available via the link below.

Master tracks in different resolutions of ALKOR cruise AL650, Kiel - Kiel, 2026-04-15 - 2026-04-17

Raw data acquired by position sensors on board RV Alkor during expedition AL650 were processed to receive a validated master track which can be used as reference of further expedition data. During AL650 data from the Seapath 330 system, the Furuno GP-170 receiver and the SAAB R6 system were used to calculate the mastertrack. Data were downloaded from DAVIS SHIP data base (https://dship.o2a-data.de/) with a resolution of 1 sec. Processing and evaluation of the data is outlined in the data processing report. Processed data are provided as a master track with 1 sec resolution derived from the position sensors' data selected by priority and a generalized track with a reduced set of the most significant positions of the master track.

Physical oceanography during ALKOR cruise AL601

Conductivity-temperature-depth profiles were measured using a ADM-CTD SN MOCNET during RV ALKOR cruise AL601. The CTD was equipped with duplicate sensors for temperature, conductivity and oxygen. The oxygen sensor (galvanic oxygen micro-sensor (AMT)) was exchanged in the beginning of the year. The sensors are used throughout the year and no post-cruise calibration is applied. All other sensors of the CTD are calibrated irregularly. This dataset presents conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) profiles collected during the research cruise. The data were processed using a custom Python workflow designed to summarize, standardize, and prepare CTD measurements for publication. Raw sensor output files (.TOB format) were parsed using a dedicated reader that extracts header metadata and harmonizes variable naming conventions across all profiles. Quality control procedures included the removal of non-physical values, treatment of missing or malformed entries, and consistency checks across key variables such as pressure, temperature, conductivity, and derived parameters (e.g., salinity and oxygen). Oxygen values were scaled, and salinity values were corrected according to the respective CTD calibration. Sensor channels were standardized and renamed to ensure compatibility with common data standards. Geographic coordinates were converted from degrees and minutes to decimal degrees to improve geospatial usability. Pressure was linearly interpolated to a uniform 1 dbar grid, and all depth-dependent parameters were interpolated accordingly. Maximum recorded pressure was cross-checked against local bathymetry (elevation); in cases of mismatch, profiles were truncated at the maximum depth of the corresponding location. The workflow further includes visual quality control of oxygen saturation, station locations, and vertical profiles of temperature, salinity, and oxygen.

Raw data of physical oceanography during RV HEINCKE cruise HE675

Raw physical oceanography data was acquired by a ship-based Seabird SBE911plus CTD-Rosette system onboard RV HEINCKE . The CTD was equipped with duplicate sensors for temperature (SBE3plus) and conductivity (SBE4) as well as one sensor for oxygen (SBE43). Additional sensors such as a WET Labs C-Star transmissometer, a WET Labs ECO-AFL fluorometer (FLRTD) and an altimeter (Teledyne Benthos PSA-916) were mounted to the CTD. The data was recorded using pre-cruise calibration coefficients. No correction, post-cruise calibration or quality control was applied. Processed profile data are available via the link below.

Raw data of physical oceanography during RV HEINCKE cruise HE638

Raw physical oceanography data was acquired by a ship-based Seabird SBE911plus CTD-Rosette system onboard RV HEINCKE . The CTD was equipped with duplicate sensors for temperature (SBE3plus) and conductivity (SBE4) as well as one sensor for oxygen (SBE43). Additional sensors such as a WET Labs C-Star transmissometer, a WET Labs ECO-AFL fluorometer (FLRTD) and an altimeter (Teledyne Benthos PSA-916) were mounted to the CTD. The data was recorded using pre-cruise calibration coefficients. No correction, post-cruise calibration or quality control was applied. Processed profile data are available via the link below.

Physical oceanography during RV HEINCKE cruise HE675

Conductivity-temperature-depth profiles were measured using a Seabird SBE 911plus CTD during RV HEINCKE cruise HE675. The CTD was equipped with duplicate sensors for temperature (SBE3plus), conductivity (SBE4) and oxygen (SBE43). Additional sensors such as a WET Labs C-Star transmissometer, a WET Labs ECO-AFL fluorometer and an altimeter (PSA-916 Teledyne (Benthos)) were mounted to the CTD. Temperature, conductivity and oxygen sensors are calibrated by the manufacturer once a year before being mounted in January. They are used throughout the year and no post-cruise or in-situ calibration is applied. All other sensors are calibrated irregularly. Data were connected to the station book of the specific cruise as available in the DSHIP database. Processing of the data including removal of obvious outliers followed the procedures described in CTD Processing Logbook of RV HEINCKE (hdl:10013/epic.47427). The processing report for this dataset is linked below.

Total suspended matter, particulate organic matter and particulate inorganic matter from discrete water samples during RV MARIA S MERIAN cruise MSM129/1

This dataset was collected during the cruise MSM129/1 with RV MARIA S. MERIAN from Warnemünde, Germany to St. John's, Canada. It contains suspended particulate matter, particulate organic matter and particulate inorganic matter measurements [mg/l] from water samples collected from the seawater supply (Reinseewassersystem, RSWS) to calibrate the turbidity data of the RSWS system. The outflow of a PocketFerrybox that was connected to the seawater supply in the hangar was used for sampling. It takes a substantial amount of time for the water to reach the hanger from the intake point. The time delay between the sensor readings of the RSWS and the PocketFerrybox was determined and the timestamps of the water sampling were adjusted accordingly. Given latitute and longitude refer to this corrected timestamp. The original time of water sampling in the hangar is given as an additional column with the comment time of sampling. To obtain suspended particulate matter concentrations, water samples were filtered onboard through 0.7 μm pore size, glass fiber filters (Whatmann GF/F, 47 mm) under low vacuum. Filters were frozen immediately at -80 °C until gravimetric analysis in the laboratory at ICBM, Wilhelmshaven according to IOCCG recommendations.

High-resolution measurements of essential climate variables in the North Sea from the autonomous surface vehicle HALOBATES during RV Heincke cruise HE614

The autonomous surface vehicle HALOBATES measured Essential Climate Variables (ECV), such as sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity (SSS), during the RV Heincke cruise HE614 in the German Bight. HALOBATES captured the SST and SSS at seven depths with a high vertical resolution of about 10 cm, from the near-surface layer (NSL) (between 30 and 100 cm) and the sea surface microlayer (SML) (upper millimeter). Conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) sensors measured temperature and conductivity (for salinity calculation) via a flow-through system on HALOBATES. Additional temperature sensors were mounted underneath the catamaran to measure in-situ temperature in situ at six depths in the NSL. Salinity was corrected with discrete water samples to remove biases between the sensors. Two data loggers with several meteorological stations on the catamaran captured important weather variables during operation time. The surfactant concentration was measured from discrete samples of SML and 100 cm depth. HALOBATES was operated between 01 March 2023 and 22 March 2023.

Physical oceanography during RV HEINCKE cruise HE635

Conductivity-temperature-depth profiles were measured using a Seabird SBE 911plus CTD during RV HEINCKE cruise HE635. The CTD was equipped with duplicate sensors for temperature (SBE3plus), conductivity (SBE4) and oxygen (SBE43). Additional sensors such as a WET Labs C-Star transmissometer, a WET Labs ECO-AFL fluorometer and an altimeter (PSA-916 Teledyne (Benthos)) were mounted to the CTD. Temperature, conductivity and oxygen sensors are calibrated by the manufacturer once a year before being mounted in January. They are used throughout the year and no post-cruise or in-situ calibration is applied. All other sensors are calibrated irregularly. Data were connected to the station book of the specific cruise as available in the DSHIP database. Processing of the data including removal of obvious outliers followed the procedures described in CTD Processing Logbook of RV HEINCKE (hdl:10013/epic.47427). The processing report for this dataset is linked below.

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