Pflanzenmanagement- und Agrarsysteme erlangen international eine steigende Bedeutung. In der vorliegenden Studie werden Pappeln und Weiden mit einheimischen Pflanzenspezies kombiniert, um Agrarsysteme weiter zu verbessern. Zwei in landwirtschaftlichen Systemen relevante Schadstoffe (Cadmium und Stickstoff) wurden ausgewählt, um die Pflanzen bezüglich Phytoremediation und Effizienz von Schadstoffanreicherung in Pflanzenteilen zu untersuchen. Pflanzen-Mikroben-Interaktionen spielen eine Hauptrolle in Agrarsystemen, weshalb mikrobielle Veränderungen in der Rhizosphäre durch Schadstoffeintrag in Böden einen wichtigen Schwerpunkt darstellen. Um solche Veränderungen in einer pflanzenspezifischen, mikrobiellen Gemeinschaft zu detektieren werden Phospholipidfettsäuren (PLFA) im Boden bestimmt, da diese in allen lebenden Zellen vorkommen und nach Zelltod rasch abgebaut werden. Die erzielten Ergebnisse werden mit DNA-basierten Methoden zur Bestimmung mikrobieller Gemeinschaften verglichen. Weiterhin soll die Analytik von Terpenen, Flavonoiden und Fettsäuren im Pflanzenmaterial Auskunft über pysiologische Veränderungen von Pflanzen geben, welche durch die verschiedenen Schadstoffe ausgelöst werden. Ein 13CO2 Puls, welcher vor der Ernte appliziert wird, ermöglicht eine genaue Untersuchung, wie Pflanzenstoffwechsel und Kohlenstofftranslokation in die Rhizosphäre durch Schadstoffe verändert werden. In diesem Zusammenhang wird die Stabilisotopenanalytik von PLFA und DNA verglichen, sowie weitere 13C-Analysen des Pflanzenmaterials durchgeführt. Um den Schwerpunkt von Pflanzenmanagement Systemen zu vertiefen werden weitere Analysen von Pflanzenteilen (Wurzeln, Stamm, Blätter, Früchte, Samen) bezüglich Cadmium und Stickstoff durchgeführt. Massiv kontaminiertes Pflanzenmaterial kann für die Biogasproduktion verbrannt und anschließend zum Recycling kompostiert werden. Pflanzenteile mit hohem Stickstoffgehalt und fehlender Akkumulation von Cadmium kann als Tierfutter in Wintermonaten verwendet werden; eine Verwendung für kommerzielle Produkte ist ebenfalls denkbar und soll im Rahmen des Forschungsantrags untersucht werden.
Die Raumluft ist haeufig mit toxischen Stoffen (besonders chlorierte Kohlenwasserstoffe wie PCP, Lindan sowie mit Formaldehyd) angereichert. Die ueblichen Analysen sind kompliziert, kostspielig und nicht lebensbezogen. Mit Pflanzen, Samen und pflanzlichem Plasma koennte der Nachweis verbessert werden, so dass ihn auch der Laie anwenden kann (was wegen der ubiquitaeren Verbreitung der Schadstoffe noetig waere).
During evolution plants have coordinated the seasonal timing of flowering and reproduction with the prevailing environmental conditions. With the onset of flowering plants undergo the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive development. In agriculture, flowering is a prerequisite for crop production whenever seeds or fruits are harvested. In contrast, avoidance of flowering is necessary for harvesting vegetative parts of a plant. Late flowering also severely hampers breeding success due to long generation times. Thus, FTi (flowering time) regulation is of utmost importance for genetic improvement of crops. There are many new challenges for plant geneticists and breeders in the future (e.g. changing climate, need for higher yields, demand for vegetative biomass for bioenergy production), requiring novel approaches for altering the phenological development of a plant species beyond the currently available genetic variation. Changes in the expression of a single FTi regulator can suffice to drastically alter FTi. Exploiting the molecular fundament of FTi control offers new perspectives for knowledge-based breeding. Pleiotropic effects of FTi gene regulation beyond flowering time, such as yield parameters/hybrid yield were most recently demonstrated. This emerging field of research offers new possibilities for gaining insight into the very foundations of yield potential in crop plants. The Priority Programme aims to develop a functional cross-species network of FTi regulators for modelling developmental and associated (e.g. yield) characters in relation to environmental cues. Plant species with different phenological development will be investigated. Phylogenetic similarities can be used to infer similar functional interactions between FTi regulators in related crop species. Comparative analysis of FTi regulation among and between closely and remotely related species will identify distinct evolutionary paths towards optimisation of FTi in a diverse set of species and the branching points of divergence. Projects in this Priority Programme focus on genomic approaches to gain a comprehensive understanding of FTi regulation also in crops, which thus far have not been a major target of research. Another focus is on non-genetic cues regulating FTi and hormonal constitution and nutrient supply.
Ziel des Projektes ist die langfristige Sicherung und Erhaltung von Vorkommen seltener Baumarten, sowie die Etablierung neuer/verjüngter Vorkommen an geeigneten Standorten. Zunächst erfolgt die Evaluierung, Auswahl und Beerntung erhaltungswürdiger Bäume aus südwest-deutschen Wald- und Feldvorkommen (insbes. Elsbeere, Speierling, Wildapfel, Wildbirne, Schwarzpappel, Ulme, Walnuss und Eibe; außerdem Straucharten) mit entsprechender Dokumentation. Anschließend erfolgt eine vegetative und generative Weitervermehrung zum Aufbau von Erhaltungs-Klonsammlungen bzw. zum Aufbau von Erhaltungs-Samenplantagen, (ex-situ Generhaltung). Parallel dazu werden o.g. seltene Baumarten vegetativ und generativ mit 1- bis 3-jähriger Kulturzeit nachgezogen und an interessierte bzw. am Evaluierungsprozess beteiligte Forstämter abgegeben (in-situ Generhaltung) und dort langfristig weiterbeobachtet.
Plant sterols, also called phytosterols, comprise a group of plant steroidal compounds. They are of interest because they play a crucial role in plant growth and development and as part of the human diet they are known for their blood cholesterol-lowering effects. High phytosterol contents occur in seeds of oilseed crops, the relevance of which remains hitherto unknown. In contrast to Arabidopsis nothing is know about the genes governing phytosterol content in Brassica species. In previous work, a large genetic. variation for phytosterol content has been found among German winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) cultivars. So far no information is available on total phytosterol contents or individual components in Indian mustard B. juncea. Suitable segregating doubled haploid populations of B. napus, and of B. juncea have already been developed and will be used in the present project to map QTL for individual and total seed phytosterol content as well as for other seed quality traits. Key candidate genes of the phytosterol biosynthetic pathway with known sequences from Arabidopsis will be sequenced from the progenitor species Brassica rapa, Brassica nigra and Brassica oleracea to develop locus specific PCR primers. Those locus specific primers will be used to sequence the pertinent alleles in the respective amphidiploid species B. napus and B. juncea. Allelic sequence differences between the parents of the doubled haploid populations will be used to map the candidate genes. Results will reveal if positions of candidate genes overlap with those of QTL for phytosterol content and if genetic variation in phytosterol content is related to variation in other seed quality traits.
Scientists from the Palestinian authority, Israel and Germany, all involved in different aspects of analytical research, have joined in order to conduct an environmental study, which aims to understand the fate of selected contaminants in a model ecosystem. For this purpose, two typical terrestrial sites in the Middle East, one in the Palestinian authority and the other in Israel, have been selected, comprising a partially polluted area and a natural reserve as a reference. In these areas, the fate (chemical and physical transformations) of typical pollutants such as heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe), metalloids (As, Sn, Sb), organic dyes and air contaminants (O3, NOx, SO2) will be studied. This will also involve the determination of all the environmental conditions for the chemical transformation, which should shed some light on the dynamics of the ecosystems. At the same time novel inexpensive sensors and analytical procedures will be developed, which are necessary for the analysis of contaminants in this area. The goals will be accomplished by combined efforts of all partners.
Es gibt in der suedlichen Kalahari eine Reihe von Wildpflanzen, die von Einheimischen zur Ernaehrung von Tier und Mensch genutzt werden. Ueber den gezielten und kontrollierten Anbau und die damit moegliche Ertragssteigerung durch flankierende Massnahmen ist bisher nichts bekannt. Auf der Farm Avontuur 120 km nordoestlich von Kuruman soll der Anbau von Tylosema esculentum und Vigna lobatifolia erprobt werden. In den letzten Jahren hat der Farmer eine spezielle Technik zur Speicherung von Bodenwasser entwickelt, dessen Eignung fuer den Anbau dieser Pflanzen geprueft werden soll. Tylosema esculentum ist eine ausdauernde Leguminose, deren Samen genutzt werden. Vigna lobatifolia ist eine einjaehrige Leguminose, deren Wurzelknollen gemessen werden.
Biodiversity conservation cannot rely on protected areas alone, as sustainable conservation requires strategies for managing whole landscapes including agricultural areas. Organic farming in Germany may contribute strongly to the protection of biodiversity and to sustainability of agriculture through enhancing ecosystem services. However, the effectiveness of this agri-environmental management is highly dependent on landscape structure. The main objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of organic cereal management in small vs. large scale agriculture through measure of the diversity of plants and arthropods and associated ecosystem services, such as seed predation, insect predation, aphid parasitism and pollination. Pairs of organic and conventional winter wheat fields will be selected in small vs. large scale agricultural landscapes along the former inner German border, i.e. in West vs. East Germany. This study design enables a unique experiment, where it would be possible to disentangle the effects of landscape composition and configuration heterogeneities in the same study region and to study how these affect the effectiveness of organic management. The detailed analyses of the expected valuable data could provide significant results (published in high ranked, international scientific journals), and contribute to the development of the existing
Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV) is a plant pathogen of economic and ecologic importance. It is globally distributed in a wide range of forest, fruit, and ornamental trees and shrubs. In several areas of cherry and walnut production CLRV causes severe losses in yield and quality. With current reference to the rapid dissemination and strong symptom expression in Finnish birches and the Germany-wide distribution of CLRV in birches and elderberry, we continuously investigate and gradually reveal CLRV transmission pathways as by pollen, seeds or water. However, modes and interactions responsible for the wide intergeneric host transmission as well as for the exceptional CLRV epidemic in Fennoscandia still remain unknown. In this project systematic studies shall investigate biological vectors as a causal agent to finally derive control mechanisms and strategies to avoid new epidemics in different hosts and geographic regions. Detailed monitoring of the invertebrate fauna of birch stands/forests and elderberry plantations in Germany and Finland shall reveal potential vectors to subsequently study them in detail by approved virus detection methods and transmission experiments. Molecular analyses of the CLRV coat protein shall prove its role as a viral determinant for a virus/vector interaction. Consequently, this project essentially will contribute important answers on the CLRV epidemiology, and this will be a key element within the first network of research on plant viral pathogens in forest trees.
Over the next thirty years it is predicted that more than 1000 species of mammals, a quarter of the world's total, and a similar proportion of birds, amphibians and marine animals (both invertebrates and vertebrates) will go extinct. Thousands of invertebrate species have already disappeared after the destruction of their habitats. The Frozen Ark Project is a strategy to conserve the genetic resources of the world's endangered species. It is the animal equivalent of the the 'Millennium Seed Bank' created by Kew Gardens to conserve the seeds of the world's plants. The Ark's consortium is a network of research and conservation bodies, including zoos, aquaria, natural history museums and research laboratories around the world. The charity's office and laboratory is based within the University of Nottingham.
| Organisation | Count |
|---|---|
| Bund | 512 |
| Europa | 5 |
| Land | 34 |
| Wirtschaft | 2 |
| Wissenschaft | 351 |
| Zivilgesellschaft | 12 |
| Type | Count |
|---|---|
| Förderprogramm | 509 |
| unbekannt | 174 |
| License | Count |
|---|---|
| Offen | 680 |
| Unbekannt | 3 |
| Language | Count |
|---|---|
| Deutsch | 592 |
| Englisch | 162 |
| Resource type | Count |
|---|---|
| Archiv | 3 |
| Datei | 1 |
| Dokument | 10 |
| Keine | 548 |
| Webseite | 130 |
| Topic | Count |
|---|---|
| Boden | 434 |
| Lebewesen und Lebensräume | 672 |
| Luft | 217 |
| Mensch und Umwelt | 681 |
| Wasser | 205 |
| Weitere | 683 |