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METOP GOME-2 - Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) - Global

Gridded Level 3 NO2 total (NO2 tropospheric) column densities derived from the Metop/GOME-2-instruments. In the troposphere NO2 is a short-lived atmospheric constituent caused by combustion processes, e.g. fossil fuel consumption or biomass buring or by lightning. In the troposphere as well as in the stratosphere NO2 plays an important role in the ozone chemistry. The total NO2 column is retrieved from GOME solar back-scattered measurements in the visible wavelength region around 440nm [using the DOAS method]. To derive tropospheric NO2 columns, the estimated stratospheric component is substracted from the total column. In addition, an air mass factor based on monthly climatological NO2 profiles is considered. The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Three instruments operate on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in 2006, 2012, and 2018, respectively. GOME-2 measures a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distribution. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Composition Monitoring (AC-SAF).

Poster: Risks of Solar Radiation Modification (SRM)

SRM is supposed to mask global warming by enhancing the earth’s albedo, for example by stratospheric aerosol injection. Thus altering the whole climate system, SRM would impact most areas of life. The risks for geopolitics, mitigation deterrence, ecosystems, justice, food security and water availability are illustrated in this graphic. Veröffentlicht in Poster.

Quantifizierung des Einflusses der stratosphärischen Zirkulation auf die Abschätzung troposphärischer Emissionen

Neue Studien zeigen, dass die Emissionen eines der wichtigsten Fluochlorkohlenwasserstoffe (FCKWs), des CFC--11, seit 2012 wieder ansteigen, was eine ernste Bedrohung für die Ozonschicht bedeutet. Allerdings sind die Abschätzungen der FCKW Emissionen mit großen Unsicherheiten behaftet. Die größte Unsicherheit stammt von Änderungen der stratosphärischen Zirkulation und deren Darstellung in derzeitigen atmosphärischen Modellen und Reanalysen. Die Methodiken, um diese Zirkulationsänderungen in Modellen besser einzuschränken, sind unzureichend.Ziel des Projekts ist es den Einfluß von Jahr-zu-Jahr Variabilität und dekadischen Änderungen im stratosphärischen Transport auf troposphärische Änderungen langlebiger Spurenstoffe, mit Fokus auf FCKWs, besser zu verstehen. Dazu werden neue Methodiken entwickelt und verbessert, um das stratosphärische Altersspektrum abzuleiten, die Verteilung der Transportzeit durch die Stratosphäre. In einem ersten Schritt wird die Methoden-Evaluierung im Modell durchgeführt. Drei verschiedene Methodiken zur Berechnung des Altersspektrums aus Mischungsverhältnissen chemischer Spezies werden verglichen. Diese Methodiken basieren auf (i) einer inversen Gauss-Funktions Parametrisierung, (ii) einer verbesserten Parametrisierung, und (iii) einer direkten Inversions-Methode. Für einen "proof of concept" werden die Resultate aller drei Methoden mit Altersspektren aus dem Lagrangeschen Atmosphären-Modell CLaMS verglichen, die im Modell exakt mit einer Pultracer-Methode berechnet werden. Im zweiten Schritt werden die Methodiken angewendet auf hochaufgelöste in-situ Spurengas-Messdaten aus Luftproben von Flugzeug-Messungen und von neuesten AirCore Messungen. Die Kombination von neuartigen Simulations- und Berechnungs-Methoden mit neuesten Messdaten zur Bestimmung des stratosphärischen Altersspektrums wird zu bisher nicht dagewesenen Einschränkungen des stratosphärischen Transports in Modellen führen. Durch Vergleich der Modell-Altersspektren aus Simulationen die mit verschiedenen meteorologischen Reanalysen angetrieben wurden, einschließlich der neuesten ERA5 Reanalyse und älterer Produkte (ERA-Interim, MERRA-2, JRA-55), soll die Robustheit der Modell-Darstellung stratosphärischer Transportänderungen abgeschätzt werden. Schließlich werden die Variabilitäten im stratosphärischen Transport untersucht und quantifiziert, sowie die Effekte dieser Variabilität auf die Spurengaszusammensetzung der unteren Stratosphäre und auf troposphärische Trends. Die aus dem Projekt resultierenden verbesserten Methodiken zur Abschätzung troposphärischer Spurenstoff-Budgets sollen der wissenschaftlichen Community zugänglich gemacht werden, und werden einen wichtigen Schritt darstellen hin zu einer verbesserten Berechnung von Emissionen langlebiger ozonzerstörender Substanzen und Treibhausgase.

Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 1689: Climate Engineering: Risiken, Herausforderungen, Möglichkeiten?, Grenzen der Wirksamkeit verschiedener Methoden des solaren Strahlungmanagement

Absenkung der CO2 Emissionen, Anpassung und 'Climate Engineering' (CE) werden allgemein als drei unabhängige Vorgehensweisen gegen die negativen Auswirkungen des Klimawandels angesehen. Im Rahmen dieses Projektes zeigen wir die Grenzen des 'Solar Radiation Management' (SRM) durch Sulfataerosol-Eintrag in die Stratosphäre (SAI) und marine Wolkenimpfung (MCB) als Maßnahmen zur Reduktion der globalen bzw. regionalen Temperatur auf. Zum ersten Mal werden dabei die Auswirkungen von gleichzeitig ausgeführtem SAI und MCB umfassend quantifiziert. Wir vermuten, dass die Begrenzung der Wirksamkeit von SAI und MCB bedeutende Auswirkungen auf die rechtliche und politische Betrachtung hat, die das Zusammenwirken und die zeitliche Reihenfolge von Emissionsminderungs-, Anpassungs-, und 'Climate Engineering'- Maßnahmen sowie die Politik der Klimagerechtigkeit bestimmen. Komplexe globale und regionale numerische Simulationsmodelle der Atmosphäre, die dem Stand des Wissens entsprechen, und die eine detaillierte Beschreibung der Atmosphärenphysik und Chemie beinhalten, stellen das wesentliche Werkzeug für die Quantifizierung der Effekte dieser Maßnahmen dar. Die Ergebnisse erlaube es die physikalischen Grenzen der angedachten Maßnahmen zu bestimmen. Die Ergebnisse des Vorhabens dienen als wichtige Grundlagen für andere Projekte im SPP, um eine integrale Bewertung von 'CO2 Mitigation, Adaption und Climate Engineering' zu ermöglichen.

METOP GOME-2 - Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) - Global

Gridded Level 3 SO2 total column densities derived from the Metop/GOME-2-instruments. Volcanoes are the largest soures of SO2 in the atmosphere, depending on the erruption the Sulfurous compounds can be injected into stratosphere but in most cases it stays within the troposphere. Another important source is the coal combustion. Desulfurisation facilities within the power stations have reduced the sulfur emissions around the globe. In the stratosphere sulfur is a key component for building up aerosols, which reflect parts of the solar irradiation. The total SO2 column is retrieved from GOME solar back-scattered measurements in the ultraviolet wavelength region [using the DOAS method]. Depending on the plume SO2 can be a very strong absorber, because of that the ODAS retrieval might have some smaller issues, they can be reduced by choosing different wavelenght ranges depending on the signal. We apply three different fitting windows between 310 and 360nm. For the AMF, we assume a plumeheight of 6 km altitude. The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Three instruments operate on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in 2006, 2012, and 2018, respectively. GOME-2 measures a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distribution. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Composition Monitoring (AC-SAF).

METOP GOME-2 - Bromine Monoxide (BrO) - Global

Gridded Level 3 BrO total column densities derived from the Metop/GOME-2-instruments. In the troposphere BrO is a short-lived atmospheric constituent released from the sea (via algae or so called ice flowers). Also volcanic eruptions emit bromine compounds reacting to BrO. In the stratosphere, the major source of BrO are halogenated hydrocarbos that are destroyed by high energy UV radiation. In the stratosphere, BrO plays a key role in the ozone hole chemistry. The total BrO column is retrieved from GOME solar back-scattered measurements in the UV wavelength region between 332 and 359 nm [using the DOAS method]. The applied Airmassfactor is based on monthly climatologies. The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Three instruments operate on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in 2006, 2012, and 2018, respectively. GOME-2 measures a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distribution. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Composition Monitoring (AC-SAF).

METOP GOME-2 - Ozone (O3) - Global

Gridded Level 3 ozone column densities derived from the Metop/GOME-2-instruments. In the stratosphere – where the majority of the total O3 amount is located - O3 plays an vital role for the UV protection. In the troposphere O3 is generated by chemical processes caused by natural and anthropogenic emission of NO2 and volatile organic components (VOCs) (e.g. HCHO). Direct exposure to O3 is harmfull for humans and our environment. The total O3 column is retrieved from GOME solar back-scattered measurements in the uv wavelength region 325-335nm [using the DOAS method]. To determine the AMF an iterative process is applied, the assumed profile depends on the latitude, month, but also on the total column. The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Three instruments operate on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in 2006, 2012, and 2018, respectively. GOME-2 measures a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distribution. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Composition Monitoring (AC-SAF).

Erarbeitung charakteristischer Kenngroessen der planetarischen Wellen in der Stratosphaere waehrend der Winter 1964/65 - 1979/80

MiKlip FAST-O3: Fast stratospheric ozone chemistry for global climate models

In its first phase, MiKlip has made important research contributions and has developed an internationally competitive decadal climate prediction system. Building on these results, the overarching goal for MiKlip II is to establish and improve the decadal climate prediction system that eventually can be transferred to the German meteorological service DWD for operational use. MiKlip II is funded by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) with about 13 Mio. € for three years of collaborative research and a fourth year focusing on the operational implementation of the prediction system. MiKlip II involves 16 national partners from universities, research institutions and federal agencies.

Forschergruppe (FOR) 1095: Stratospheric Change and its Role for Climate Prediction (SHARP), Forschergruppe (FOR) 1095: Stratospheric Change and its Role for Climate Prediction (SHARP)

Future global climate change resulting from anthropogenic activity is now inevitable. The consequences for the stratosphere are poorly understood. A better understanding of the interactions between atmospheric chemistry and climate change is urgently required. This is a prerequisite for impact assessment and the definition of mitigation strategies. The DFG Research Unit Stratospheric Change and its Role for Climate Prediction (SHARP) addresses this issue and aims to improve our understanding and ability to predict global climate change and its interplay with the stratosphere. SHARP follows the recommendations for research, formulated by the Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate (SPARC) Programme of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). SHARP will focus on the quantitative detection, attribution and prediction of changes in stratospheric dynamics and composition linked to climate change and their implications for the troposphere. The evolution of the stratosphere over the next decades in response to climate change is of crucial significance for the atmosphere as a whole. A unique window of opportunity exists to exploit the investment in the development of remote sensing and atmospheric modelling for scientific objectives of societal relevance, which provide the evidence base needed by international policymakers. To address these issues SHARP brings together excellent national expertise in state-of-the-art climate models and observations, in particular those derived from satellite instruments. SHARP will provide an important contribution by German scientists to the upcoming international WMO/UNEP and IPCC assessments.

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