Der Downloaddienst stellt Informationen zur geografischen Verteilung von Tier- und Pflanzenarten im Freistaat Sachsen bereit. Die Informationen beinhalten aus der Zentralen Artdatenbank (ZenA) Sachsen stammende Artbeobachtungsdaten der Anhänge II, IV und V der Fauna-Flora-Habitat-Richtlinie (Richtlinie 92/43/EWG) sowie Vogelbeobachtungsdaten des Anhang I der Vogelschutzrichtlinie der EU (Richtlinie 2009/147/EG) sowie nach Bundesnaturschutzgesetz (BNatSchG) besonders bzw. besonders und streng geschützte Vogelarten mit Bruthinweis.
Der Datensatz beinhaltet Informationen zur geografischen Verteilung von Tier- und Pflanzenarten im Freistaat Sachsen. Dargestellt werden aus der Zentralen Artdatenbank (ZenA) Sachsen stammende Artbeobachtungsdaten der Anhänge II, IV und V der Fauna-Flora-Habitat-Richtlinie (Richtlinie 92/43/EWG) sowie Vogelbeobachtungsdaten des Anhang I der Vogelschutzrichtlinie der EU (Richtlinie 2009/147/EG) sowie nach Bundesnaturschutzgesetz (BNatSchG) besonders bzw. besonders und streng geschützte Vogelarten mit Bruthinweis.
Der Darstellungsdienst präsentiert Informationen zur geografischen Verteilung von Tier- und Pflanzenarten im Freistaat Sachsen. Dargestellt werden aus der Zentralen Artdatenbank (ZenA) Sachsen stammende Artbeobachtungsdaten der Anhänge II, IV und V der Fauna-Flora-Habitat-Richtlinie (Richtlinie 92/43/EWG) sowie Vogelbeobachtungsdaten des Anhang I der Vogelschutzrichtlinie der EU (Richtlinie 2009/147/EG) sowie nach Bundesnaturschutzgesetz (BNatSchG) besonders bzw. besonders und streng geschützte Vogelarten mit Bruthinweis.
Das Insektensterben hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten zugenommen. Einige der Ursachen sind bekannt, bei anderen besteht jedoch Forschungsbedarf. Eine der bisher wenig erforschten möglichen Ursachen des Insektensterbens im Grünland ist der Einsatz von Konditionierern bei der Wiesenmahd. Konditionierer, auch bekannt unter dem Begriff Aufbereiter, werden eingesetzt, um die Trocknung des Mähguts zu beschleunigen. Dabei wird das frisch geschnittene Gras gequetscht, um die verdunstungshemmende Wachsschicht zu zerstören und Pflanzenzellen aufzubrechen. Hierdurch kommt es jedoch auch zu einer erhöhten Mortalität von Insekten und weiteren Gliederfüßern. Unsere Studie untersuchte in ökologischen Feldversuchen die Auswirkungen des Konditionierereinsatzes auf die Insektenfauna und andere Arthropoden in der Vegetation im Landkreis Heidekreis in Niedersachsen. Der Anteil beschädigter Individuen nahm unter Konditionierereinsatz von 50 % auf 70 % zu und schädigte insbesondere Heuschrecken, Fransenflügler, Käfer, Pflanzenläuse und Milben. Außerdem haben wir den Umfang des Konditionierereinsatzes und mögliche Kosten, die Betrieben durch einen Konditioniererverzicht entstehen würden, geschätzt. Aus unseren Ergebnissen haben wir naturschutzfachliche und -politische Empfehlungen abgeleitet.
Der Deutsche Bundestag beschloss 2002 auf der Grundlage der ‚European Guidelines for Quality Assurance in Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis‘ die Einführung eines qualitäts-gesicherten und bevölkerungsbezogenen Mammographie-Screening-Programms (MSP) in Deutschland, das in den Jahren 2005 bis 2009 sukzessiv aufgebaut wurde und seither bundesweit flächendeckend mit über 90 Screening-Einheiten implementiert ist. Das übergeordnete Ziel des MSP ist die nachhaltige Verringerung der Brustkrebsmortalität. Grundlage der bisherigen zeitlich befristeten Genehmigung gemäß Röntgenverordnung sind Ergebnisse von großen randomisierten Studien zum Mammographie-Screening außerhalb Deutschlands, die aber schon 20 und mehr Jahre zurückliegen. Aktuelle Ergebnisse zum Nutzen des in Deutschland durchgeführten MSP liegen bisher noch nicht vor. Vom Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz erfolgte am 23.05.2011 die Ausschreibung eines Forschungsprojektes zur Evaluation der Brustkrebsmortalität im deutschen Mammographie-Screening-Programm. Finanziert wird das derzeit über einen geplanten Zeitraum von zehn Jahren laufende Forschungsvorhaben vom Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz, Bau und Reaktorsicherheit (BMUB), dem Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (BMG) und den Trägern der Kooperationsgemeinschaft Mammographie (KoopG). Ziel des Forschungsvorhabens war es, den Einfluss des deutschen MSP auf die Brustkrebsmortalität mit Hilfe mehrerer, sich gegenseitig ergänzender und eng miteinander verzahnter epidemiologischer Beobachtungsstudien zuverlässig zu analysieren. Aufgrund der komplexen Organisations- und Datenstrukturen des MSP und des deutschen Melde- und Gesundheitswesens sowie den Auflagen des Datenschutzes wurden der angestrebten Hauptstudie zunächst zwei Machbarkeitsstudien vorgeschaltet. //ABSTRACT// In 2002, the German Federal Parliament decided that a quality-assured, population-based mammography screening program (MSP) should be introduced on the basis of the ‘European Guidelines for Quality Assurance in Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis‘. The program was successively introduced between 2005 and 2009 and has been fully implemented since with country-wide coverage in more than 90 screening units. The overarching target of the MSP is a sustained reduction of breast cancer mortality. The current temporary approval according to the national X-ray ordinance is based on results from large randomised controlled mammography screening trials that were performed outside of Germany and more than 20 years ago. Up to date results on the benefit of the MSP in Germany are yet lacking. The Federal Office for Radiation Protection released on May 25, 2011 a call for proposals of a research project on the evaluation of the breast cancer mortality effects of the German mammography program. The research project is planned for a period of ten years and funded by the Federal Minister for Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB), the Federal Ministry of Health (BMG) and the sponsors of the mammography cooperative (Kooperationsgemeinschaft Mammographie). The aim of this research project was to solidly analyse the impact of the German MSP on the breast cancer-specific mortality by employing several, mutually complementary and closely harmonized epidemiological observational studies. Given the complex organisational structure and data flow of the MSP, the German health and residents registration system and the constraints of the data privacy regulations, two feasibility studies were carried out prior to the scheduled main study.
Background The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study has generated a wealth of data on death and disability outcomes in Europe. It is important to identify the disease burden that is attributable to risk factors and, therefore, amenable to interventions. This paper reports the burden attributable to risk factors, in deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), in the 28 European Union (EU) countries, comparing exposure to risks between them, from 2007 to 2017. Methods Retrospective descriptive study, using secondary data from the GBD 2017 Results Tool. For the EU-28 and each country, attributable (all-cause) age-standardized death and DALY rates, and summary exposure values are reported. Results In 2017, behavioural and metabolic risk factors showed a higher attributable burden compared with environmental risks, with tobacco, dietary risks and high systolic blood pressure standing out. While tobacco and air quality improved significantly between 2007 and 2017 in both exposure and attributable burden, others such as childhood maltreatment, drug use or alcohol use did not. Despite significant heterogeneity between EU countries, the EU-28 burden attributable to risk factors decreased in this period. Conclusion Accompanying the improvement of population health in the EU-28, a comparable trend is visible for attributable burden due to risk factors. Besides opportunities for mutual learning across countries with different disease/risk factors patterns, good practices (i.e. tobacco control in Sweden, air pollution mitigation in Finland) might be followed. On the opposite side, some concerning cases must be highlighted (i.e. tobacco in Bulgaria, Latvia and Estonia or drug use in Czech Republic). © The Author(s) 2021
According to European legislation, an environmental risk assessment (ERA) of veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) for dung fauna is required in the authorization process, if the substance acts as a parasiticide for the treatment of pasture animals. In the past, however, the demonstration of the environmental safety of those VMPs for dung fauna was strongly hampered by the fact that no standardized tests were available. Therefore, starting with recommendations from the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) advisory group, dung organism toxicity test standardization (DOTTS) test systems for phase II Tier A standardized tests on the mortality of dung fly and dung beetle larvae were developed and published by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 2008 and 2010. If a risk is identified for dung organisms in phase II Tier A of the ERA process, further tests are required for Tier B. So far, however, no advice is given for such studies in the existing guidelines. Therefore, 4 workshops took place between 2007 and 2009 with international dung fauna experts (Aveiro-Group) to find an appropriate test strategy for dung fauna organisms beyond Tier A mortality testing. For the first time, 2 different Tier B extended laboratory test approaches for dung beetles and test strategies for scenarios beyond Tier B are described in more detail. In case the risk assessment is still not clear, further options for Tier C (i.e., field studies) or Tier D (modeling) are briefly presented. Finally, the role of uncertainty and variability of test results is discussed, including recommendations for assessment factors for the different tiers to be used when assessing the risk of VMPs on dung organisms. The approach, especially the test strategy, will help industry, consultants, and assessors appropriately assess the environmental risk assessments during the authorization procedure of parasiticides. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2013;9:524-530. © 2013 SETAC
This metadata refer to the dataset presenting the modelled annual heat-related mortality incidence (annual deaths per million inhabitants) in Europe between 2000 and 2020 Heat-related deaths are estimated to have increased in 931 (94%) of the 990 regions monitored from 2000 to 2020, with an overall mean increase of 15·1 (95% CI –1·51 to 31·6) annual deaths per million inhabitants per decade for the general population, and 60·4 (–17·8 to 138·6) extra deaths per million inhabitants per decade for people 65 years and older.
Background: Assessments of age-specific mortality and life expectancy have been done by the UN Population Division, Department of Economics and Social Affairs (UNPOP), the United States Census Bureau, WHO, and as part of previous iterations of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD). Previous iterations of the GBD used population estimates from UNPOP, which were not derived in a way that was internally consistent with the estimates of the numbers of deaths in the GBD. The present iteration of the GBD, GBD 2017, improves on previous assessments and provides timely estimates of the mortality experience of populations globally. Methods: The GBD uses all available data to produce estimates of mortality rates between 1950 and 2017 for 23 age groups, both sexes, and 918 locations, including 195 countries and territories and subnational locations for 16 countries. Data used include vital registration systems, sample registration systems, household surveys (complete birth histories, summary birth histories, sibling histories), censuses (summary birth histories, household deaths), and Demographic Surveillance Sites. In total, this analysis used 8259 data sources. Estimates of the probability of death between birth and the age of 5 years and between ages 15 and 60 years are generated and then input into a model life table system to produce complete life tables for all locations and years. Fatal discontinuities and mortality due to HIV/AIDS are analysed separately and then incorporated into the estimation. We analyse the relationship between age-specific mortality and development status using the Socio-demographic Index, a composite measure based on fertility under the age of 25 years, education, and income. There are four main methodological improvements in GBD 2017 compared with GBD 2016: 622 additional data sources have been incorporated; new estimates of population, generated by the GBD study, are used; statistical methods used in different components of the analysis have been further standardised and improved; and the analysis has been extended backwards in time by two decades to start in 1950. Findings: Globally, 187% (95% uncertainty interval 184â€Ì190) of deaths were registered in 1950 and that proportion has been steadily increasing since, with 588% (582â€Ì593) of all deaths being registered in 2015. At the global level, between 1950 and 2017, life expectancy increased from 481 years (465â€Ì496) to 705 years (701â€Ì708) for men and from 529 years (517â€Ì540) to 756 years (753â€Ì759) for women. Despite this overall progress, there remains substantial variation in life expectancy at birth in 2017, which ranges from 491 years (465â€Ì517) for men in the Central African Republic to 876 years (869â€Ì881) among women in Singapore. The greatest progress across age groups was for children younger than 5 years; under-5 mortality dropped from 2160 deaths (1963â€Ì2381) per 1000 livebirths in 1950 to 389 deaths (356â€Ì4283) per 1000 livebirths in 2017, with huge reductions across countries. Nevertheless, there were still 54 million (52â€Ì56) deaths among children younger than 5 years in the world in 2017. Progress has been less pronounced and more variable for adults, especially for adult males, who had stagnant or increasing mortality rates in several countries. The gap between male and female life expectancy between 1950 and 2017, while relatively stable at the global level, shows distinctive patterns across super-regions and has consistently been the largest in central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia, and smallest in south Asia. Performance was also variable across countries and time in observed mortality rates compared with those expected on the basis of development. Interpretation: This analysis of age-sex-specific mortality shows that there are remarkably complex patterns in population mortality across countries. The findings of this study highlight global successes, such as the large decline in under-5 mortality, which reflects significant local, national, and global commitment and investment over several decades. However, they also bring attention to mortality patterns that are a cause for concern, particularly among adult men and, to a lesser extent, women, whose mortality rates have stagnated in many countries over the time period of this study, and in some cases are increasing. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
The burden of disease framework facilitates the assessment of the health impact of diseases through the use of summary measures of population health such as Disability- Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). However, calculating, interpreting and communicating the results of studies using this methodology poses a challenge. The aim of the Burden of Communicable Disease in Europe (BCoDE) project is to summarize the impact of communicable disease in the European Union and European Economic Area Member States (EU/EEA MS). To meet this goal, a user-friendly software tool (BCoDE toolkit), was developed. This stand-alone application, written in C++, is open-access and freely available for download from the website of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). With the BCoDE toolkit, one can calculate DALYs by simply entering the age group- and sexspecific number of cases for one or more of selected sets of 32 communicable diseases (CDs) and 6 healthcare associated infections (HAIs). Disease progression models (i.e., outcome trees) for these communicable diseases were created following a thorough literature review of their disease progression pathway. The BCoDE toolkit runs Monte Carlo simulations of the input parameters and provides disease-specific results, including 95% uncertainty intervals, and permits comparisons between the different disease models entered. Results can be displayed as mean and median overall DALYs, DALYs per 100,000 population, and DALYs related to mortality vs. disability. Visualization options summarize complex epidemiological data, with the goal of improving communication and knowledge transfer for decision-making. Quelle: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0170662
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