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Molecular indices calculated from the FT-ICR-MS data and environmental data, including dissolved organic carbon and dissolved organic nitrogen in the sea surface microlayer during a Mesocosm study in Wilhelmshaven, Germany, spring 2023

We studied dissolved organic matter (DOM) dynamics in the sea surface microlayer (SML) during a mesocosm study at the Sea sURface Facility (SURF) of the Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM) in Wilhelmshaven, Germany (53.5148 °N, 8.1463°E). The study was conducted from 18 May to 16 June 2023 as part of the multidisciplinary BASS research unit (Biogeochemical processes and Air-sea exchange in the Sea-Surface microlayer). SURF was filled with pretreated natural seawater from the nearby Jade Bay (53° 28' 42'' N, 8° 12' 15'' E) to replicate natural conditions. We selected this approach to examine the regrowth of surviving phytoplankton cells after the initial water treatments, simulating a native microbial community starting with almost no bioproduction or pre-existing bioproduction products. To induce and maintain the phytoplankton bloom, inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicate were added on May 26, May 31, and June 01, 2023. By that we induced an algal bloom of Emiliania huxleyi and Cylindrotheca closterium. By combining molecular analyses with nutrient and trace metal data, we highlight the in situ production of carbohydrate-like and laminarin-derived DOM as a significant contributor to the SML composition. This dataset contains DOM molecular data from ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry (Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer, FT-ICR-MS), molecular indices calculated from the FT-ICR-MS data (Ibio, Iphoto, IDEG) and environmental data, including dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) data. Water samples were collected via glass plate for the SML and at 40 cm depth via tube. Furthermore, it contains attenuated total reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) data from representative samples for each bloom phase.

Dissolved organic matter molecular data in the sea surface microlayer during a Mesocosm study in Wilhelmshaven, Germany, spring 2023

We studied dissolved organic matter (DOM) dynamics in the sea surface microlayer (SML) during a mesocosm study at the Sea sURface Facility (SURF) of the Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM) in Wilhelmshaven, Germany (53.5148 °N, 8.1463°E). The study was conducted from 18 May to 16 June 2023 as part of the multidisciplinary BASS research unit (Biogeochemical processes and Air-sea exchange in the Sea-Surface microlayer). SURF was filled with pretreated natural seawater from the nearby Jade Bay (53° 28' 42'' N, 8° 12' 15'' E) to replicate natural conditions. We selected this approach to examine the regrowth of surviving phytoplankton cells after the initial water treatments, simulating a native microbial community starting with almost no bioproduction or pre-existing bioproduction products. To induce and maintain the phytoplankton bloom, inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicate were added on May 26, May 31, and June 01, 2023. By that we induced an algal bloom of Emiliania huxleyi and Cylindrotheca closterium. By combining molecular analyses with nutrient and trace metal data, we highlight the in situ production of carbohydrate-like and laminarin-derived DOM as a significant contributor to the SML composition. This dataset contains DOM molecular data from ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry (Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer, FT-ICR-MS), molecular indices calculated from the FT-ICR-MS data (Ibio, Iphoto, IDEG) and environmental data, including dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) data. Water samples were collected via glass plate for the SML and at 40 cm depth via tube. Furthermore, it contains attenuated total reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) data from representative samples for each bloom phase.

Dissolved organic matter composition in the sea surface microlayer during a Mesocosm study in Wilhelmshaven, Germany (FT-ICR-MS and ATR-FTIR), spring 2023

We studied dissolved organic matter (DOM) dynamics in the sea surface microlayer (SML) during a mesocosm study at the Sea sURface Facility (SURF) of the Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM) in Wilhelmshaven, Germany (53.5148 °N, 8.1463°E). The study was conducted from 18 May to 16 June 2023 as part of the multidisciplinary BASS research unit (Biogeochemical processes and Air-sea exchange in the Sea-Surface microlayer). SURF was filled with pretreated natural seawater from the nearby Jade Bay (53° 28' 42'' N, 8° 12' 15'' E) to replicate natural conditions. We selected this approach to examine the regrowth of surviving phytoplankton cells after the initial water treatments, simulating a native microbial community starting with almost no bioproduction or pre-existing bioproduction products. To induce and maintain the phytoplankton bloom, inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicate were added on May 26, May 31, and June 01, 2023. By that we induced an algal bloom of Emiliania huxleyi and Cylindrotheca closterium. By combining molecular analyses with nutrient and trace metal data, we highlight the in situ production of carbohydrate-like and laminarin-derived DOM as a significant contributor to the SML composition. This dataset contains DOM molecular data from ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry (Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer, FT-ICR-MS), molecular indices calculated from the FT-ICR-MS data (Ibio, Iphoto, IDEG) and environmental data, including dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) data. Water samples were collected via glass plate for the SML and at 40 cm depth via tube. Furthermore, it contains attenuated total reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) data from representative samples for each bloom phase.

Hydrochemistry, carbon dynamics, and calculated pCO2 and CO2 fluxes, and soil-derived natural organic matter characteristics from the White Main, a granitic headwater stream in Germany, 2023-2024 – Y1-Y3 carbon chemistry

This dataset comprises hydrochemical and soil data collected along the first 1.3 km downstream of the White Main spring in northern Bavaria, Germany, from March 2023 to April 2024. Stream water samples were analyzed for in-situ parameters (discharge, water temperature [°C], pH [-], redox potential [mV], electrical conductivity [µS/cm], Table Y1), and laboratory-measured parameters, including major ions and trace metals [mmol/L] (Table Y3), alkalinity [mmol/L], , dissolved inorganic and organic carbon (DIC, DOC [mmol/L]) and their stable isotope ratios (δ13CDIC/DOC ‰-VPDB). In addition, calculated partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2, [µatm]) and carbon dioxide fluxes (FCO2, [mmol/m2 d]), are provided for the stream water samples (Table Y2). The dataset also contains laboratory measurements related to soil-derived natural organic matter from acid and base soil extracts, including zeta potential ([mV], Table X1), particle size distribution ([%], Table X2), ultraviolet-visible absorbance (UV-VIS, Table X3), and fluorescence measurements (Table X4). UV-VIS (Table X5) and fluorescence measurements (Table X6) were additionally done for stream water samples. The datasets were collected to characterize hydrochemistry, carbon concentrations, carbon dioxide dynamics, and soil-derived organic matter properties in a granitic headwater stream and to provide a basis for reuse in studies of headwater biogeochemistry, carbon cycling, and soil-water interactions.

Grundwassermessstelle 4120642900045,

Die Messstelle 4120642900045 (Messstellen-Nr: 4120642900045, Bayern) dient der Überwachung des chemischen Zustands.

Grundwassermessstelle 1132622900126,

Die Messstelle 1132622900126 (Messstellen-Nr: 1132622900126, Bayern) dient der Überwachung des chemischen Zustands.

Seasonal Dataset of DIC, δ13CDIC, DOC, δ13CDOC, pCO2(aq), FCO2 and Biogeochemical Parameters in the Danube River (2023–2024)

This dataset contains dissolved inorganic/organic carbon (DIC/DOC) concentrations, its stable isotope ratios (δ13CDIC/DOC), partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the water column pCO₂(aq) (pCO2(aq)) and area-integrated CO₂ emission rates derived from flux calculations (FCO2; g C d⁻¹), along with corresponding parameters (temperature, pH, calcium, bicarbonate) collected from the Danube River and its key tributaries during five seasonal sampling campaigns in 2023 and 2024. Water samples were collected using a weighted 2 L sampling bottle submerged 1–2 meters below the surface, with sampling conducted from the river center via bridges or passenger boats, and occasionally from the riverbank. In situ temperature measurements were taken with a multiparameter instrument (HQ40d, HACH™, Loveland, CO, USA). δ13ODIC/DOC was analyzed using a OI Analytical Aurora 1030W-IRMS. This dataset is providing valuable insights into carbon dynamics in a large river system and support investigations of biogeochemical cycling. It further can inform ecosystem management and conservation strategies under changing environmental conditions.

Fließgewässermessstelle Froeschau (Steg), Schwarzach

Die Messstelle Froeschau (Steg) (Messstellen-Nr: 103819) befindet sich im Gewässer Schwarzach in Bayern. Die Messstelle dient der Überwachung des biologischen Zustands, des chemischen Zustands.

Grundwassermessstelle 4120623700023,

Die Messstelle 4120623700023 (Messstellen-Nr: 4120623700023, Bayern) dient der Überwachung des chemischen Zustands.

Fließgewässermessstelle Kaltmühle, Kalterbach

Die Messstelle Kaltmühle (Messstellen-Nr: 11180) befindet sich im Gewässer Kalterbach in Bayern. Die Messstelle dient der Überwachung des biologischen Zustands, des chemischen Zustands, des Grundwasserstands im oberen Grundwasserstockwerk.

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